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Influence of size of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy on refraction and intraocular pressure values

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 216 - 220, 12.12.2018

Öz

Background: Posterior capsular opacity (PCO) is the most common late complication of cataract surgery. Patients complain of

decreased visual acuity, glare and sensitivity to light. Neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd: YAG) laser capsulotomy is the

standard treatment for PCO. The most common complication of posterior capsulotomy is intraocular pressure (IOP) increase.

Although this increase in IOP is temporary, a glaucomatous injury may occur if it is higher than 10 mmHg. The effect of the size

of the capsulotomy on the refractive status is discussed. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between visual

prognosis, refractive changes, intraocular pressure increase and complications in terms of capsulotomy size.

Material and Methods: In this study, 74 eyes of 74 patients were evaluated retrospectively. Patients treated with Nd: YAG laser

capsulotomy were included in the cases of PCO who applied to the Etimesgut State Hospital to study. All patients underwent a

full ocular examination at all visits, including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refraction examination, slit lamp

biomicroscopy examination, IOP measurement, and posterior segment examination. The size of the capsulotomy was

determined according to the size of the scotopic pupil. The size of the scotopic pupil was measured by slit-lamp biomicroscopy.

According to the size of the capsulotomy, 2 groups were divided into <4 mm (group 1) and >4 mm (group 2).

Results: The mean age of the patients was 73.9±9.3 (range: 58-101) in the group 1 and 75.2±7.9 (range: 55-95) in the group

2. In group 1, 19 of the patients were male and 20 were female; in group 2, 17 patients were male and 18 patients were female.

There were 19 male and 20 female patients in group 1; 17 male and 18 female patients were in group 2. There was no

significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean age and sex. There was no significant difference between the

two groups when BCVA, manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) and IOP levels were evaluated. In the intra-group

comparison pre and post-capsulotomy, MRSE was significantly lower in both groups post-capsulotomy than pre-capsulotomy,

and the values of BCVA and 1st hour IOP were significantly higher in both groups post-capsulotomy than precapsulotomy.(

p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.001, respectively) Comparing the differences of spherical equivalents values between

before and after capsulotomy, there was a significant shift toward hypermetropia in group 2 compared to group 1. When precapsulotomy

and post-capsulotomy 1st hour intraocular pressure values were compared, group 2 showed significantly higher

increment than group 1.

Conclusions: In terms of visual gain, large capsulotomy size has no advantage over capsulotomy less than 4 mm. However,

the incidence of complications was observed to increase in patients who underwent capsulotomy larger than 4 mm.

Kaynakça

  • Wormstone IM. Posterior capsule opacification: A cell biological perspective. Exp Eye Res. 2002;74(3):337-347.
  • Bhargava R, Kumar P, Sharma SK, Kaur A. A randomized controlled trial of peeling and aspiration of Elschnig pearls and neodymium: yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser capsulotomy. Int J Ophthalmol. 2015;8(3):590-596.
  • Aron-Rosa D, Aron JJ, Griesemann M, Thyzel R. Use of the neodymium-yag laser to open the posterior capsule after lens implant surgery: A preliminary report. Am Intra-Ocular Implant Soc J. 1980;6(4):352-354.
  • Fankhauser F, Roussel P, Steffen J, Van Der Zypen E, Chrenkova A. Clinical studies on the efficiency of high power laser radiation upon some structures of the anterior segment of the eye. Int Ophthalmol. 1981;3(3):129-139.
  • Murrill CA, Stanfield DL, Van Brocklin MD. Capsulotomy. Optom Clin. 1995;4(4):69—83.
  • Vasavada AR, Praveen MR. Posterior Capsule Opacification After Phacoemulsification. Asia-Pacific J Ophthalmol. 2014;3(4):235-240.
  • Uchainiya A, Thakur S, Kujur R, Garg R. International Journal Of Scientific Research Study Of Nd: YAG Laser Posterior Capsulotomy And Its Effect On Intra Ocular Pressure. 2018;(5):26-29.
  • Wesolosky JD, Tennant M, Rudnisky CJ. Rate of retinal tear and detachment after neodymium:YAG capsulotomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2017;43(7):923-928.
  • Uzel MM, Ozates S, Koc M, Taslipinar Uzel AG, Yılmazbaş P. Decentration and Tilt of Intraocular Lens after Posterior Capsulotomy. Semin Ophthalmol. 2018:1-6.
  • Chambless WS. Neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy results and complications. Am Intra-Ocular Implant Soc J. 1985;11(1):31-32.
  • Steinert RF, Puliafito CA, Kumar SR, Dudak SD, Patel S. Cystoid Macular Edema, Retinal Detachment, and Glaucoma after Nd:YAG Laser Posterior Capsulotomy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;112(4):373-380.
  • MC K, DR S, HL L. Intraocular pressure and the corneal endothelium after neodymium-yag laser posterior capsulotomy: Relative effects of aphakia and pseudophakia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985;103(4):511-514.
  • Parker WT, Clorfeine GS, Stocklin RD. Marked intraocular pressure rise following Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. Ophthalmic Surg. 1984;15(2):103—104.
  • Macewen CJ, Dutton GN, Holding D. Angle closure following neodymium-YAG(Nd YAG) laser capsulotomy in the aphakic eye. Br J Ophthalmol. 1985;69(10):795-796.
  • Pinipe SD, Varanasi SS. a Clinical Study of Visual Outcome and Iop Changes Following Yag capsulotomy in Postoperative Cataract Patients. J Evid Based Med Healthc. 2017;4(94):5858-5861.
  • Harish A, Chief R, Hampton E, Care P. Nd ­ YAG Laser Capsulotomy. 2016;68(2):2015-2017.
  • Chua CN, Gibson A, Kazakos DC. Refractive changes following Nd:YAG capsulotomy. Eye. 2001;15(3):304.
  • Yilmaz S, Ozdil MA, Bozkir N, Maden A. The effect of Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy size on refraction and visual acuity. J Refract Surg. 2006;22(7):719.
  • Findl O, Drexler W, Menapace R, et al. Changes in intraocular lens position after neodymium:YAG capsulotomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1999;25(5):659-662.
  • Nakazawa M, Ohtsuki K. Apparent Accommodation in Pseudophakic Eyes after Implantation of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983;96(4):435-438.
  • Karahan E, Er D, Kaynak S. An Overview of Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy. Med hypothesis, Discov Innov Ophthalmol. 2014;3(2):45-50.
  • Hu CY, Woung LC, Wang MC, Jian JH. Influence of laser posterior capsulotomy on anterior chamber depth, refraction, and intraocular pressure. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26(8):1183-1189.
  • Thornval P, Naeser K. Refraction and anterior chamber depth before and after neodymium:YAG laser treatment for posterior capsule opacification in pseudophakic eyes: A prospective study. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1995;21(4):457-460.
  • Akmaz B, Cakir A, Bayat A, Karadas A. The effect of posterior capsulotomy size on refraction and anterior chamber parameters following Nd:YAG laser treatment. Med Sci | Int Med J. 2018:1.
  • M Z, SN A. Effect of Nd: YAGlaser posterior capsulotomy on anterior chamber depth, intraocular pressure and refractive status. Asian J Ophthalmol. 2003;5:2-5.
  • Keates RH, Steinert RF, Puliafito CA, Maxwell SK. Long-term follow-up of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Am Intra-Ocular Implant Soc J. 1984;10(2):164-168.
  • Antunes A, Minello P, Augusto P, Mello DA. Efficacy of topic ocular hipotensive agents after posterior capsulotomy. 2008;71(5):706-710.
  • Lin J-C, Katz LJ, Spaeth GL, Klancnik JM. IOP Control after Nd:YAG Laser Posterior Capsulotomy in Eyes with Glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92:337–339.
  • Min JK, An JH, Yim JH. A new technique for Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Int J Ophthalmol. 2014;7(2):345.
  • Hayashi K, Nakao F, Hayashi H. Influence of size of neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser posterior capsulotomy on visual function. Eye. 2010;24:101-106.
  • Vella M, Wickremasinghe S, Gupta N, Andreou P, Sinha A. YAG laser capsulotomy, an unusual complication. Eye. 2004;18:193-194.
  • Kara N, Evcimen Y, Kirik F, Agachan A, Yigit FU. Comparison of two laser capsulotomy techniques: Cruciate versus circular. Semin Ophthalmol. 2014;29(3):151-155.

Nd:YAG lazer arka kapsülotomi boyutunun refraksiyon ve göz içi basinç değerleri üzerine etkisi

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3, 216 - 220, 12.12.2018

Öz

Amaç: Sekonder katarakt(SK) katarakt cerrahisinin en sık geç komplikasyonudur. Hastalar görme keskinliğinde azalma,

parlama ve ışığa duyarlılıktan şikayetçidir. Neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) lazer kapsülotomi SK için standart

tedavidir. Arka kapsülotominin en sık görülen komplikasyonu GİB (göz içi basıncı) artışıdır. Göz içi basıncındaki bu artış geçici

olmasına rağmen, 10 mmHg'dan yüksek ise glokomatöz hasara neden olabilir. Kapsülotomi büyüklüğünün refraktif durum

üzerine etkisi tartışmalıdır. Bu çalışmadaki amaç kapsülotomi boyutuyla görsel prognoz, refraktif değişiklikler, göz içi basınç

artışı ve komplikasyonlar arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir.

Materyal ve Metod: Bu çalışmada 74 hastanın 74 gözü retrospektif olarak incelendi. Çalışmaya Etimesgut Devlet Hastanesi’ne

başvuran SK’lı olgulardan Nd: YAG lazer kapsülotomi ile tedavi edilen hastalar dahil edildi. Tüm hastalara en iyi düzeltilmiş

görme keskinliği (EİDGK), refraksiyon muayenesi, yarıklı lamba biyomikroskopi muayenesi, GİB ölçümü ve arka segment

muayenesi dahil olmak üzere tüm ziyaretlerde tam bir göz muayenesi yapıldı. Kapsülotomi boyutu, skotopik pupil büyüklüğüne

göre belirlendi. Skotopik pupil boyutu yarıklı lamba biyomikroskopi ile ölçüldü. Olgular kapsülotomi boyutuna göre <4 mm (grup

1) ve >4 mm (grup 2) olmak üzere 2 gruba ayrıldı.

Bulgular: Hastaların yaş ortalaması grup 1’de 73.9±9.3(aralık: 58–101) ve grup 2’de 75.2±7.9(aralık: 55–95) idi.Grup 1’de

hastaların 19 erkek ve 20 hasta kadın; grup 2’de 17 erkek ve 18 hasta kadındı. Ortalama yaş ve cinsiyetler açısından iki grup

arasında anlamlı fark yoktu. İki grup arasında başlangıç EİDGK, manifest refraksiyon sferik eşdeğeri(MRSE) ve GİB düzeyleri

değerlendirildiğinde anlamlı fark yoktu. Kapsülotomi öncesi ve sonrası grup içi karşılaştırmalarında her iki grupta da kapsülotomi

sonrasında kapsülotomi öncesine göre MRSE anlamlı olarak düşük; EİDGK, 1.saat GİB değerleri anlamlı olarak

yüksekti.(sırasıyla, p<0.001; p<0.001; p<0.001) Kapsülotomi öncesi ve sonrası sferik eşdeğerler arasındaki farklar

karşılaştırıldığında grup 2’de grup 1’e göre anlamlı olarak hipermetropi yönüne doğru daha fazla kayma mevcuttu. Kapsülotomi

öncesi GİB ve sonrası 1.saat GİB değerleri arasındaki farka bakıldığında grup 2’de grup 1’e göre anlamlı olarak fazla artış vardı.

Sonuç: Görsel kazanım açısından, geniş kapsülotomi yapılmasının 4 mm’den küçük kapsülotomiye göre herhangi bir avantajı

bulunmamıştır. Ancak geniş kapsülotomi yapılan hastalarda komplikasyon görülme olasılığının arttığı gözlenmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Wormstone IM. Posterior capsule opacification: A cell biological perspective. Exp Eye Res. 2002;74(3):337-347.
  • Bhargava R, Kumar P, Sharma SK, Kaur A. A randomized controlled trial of peeling and aspiration of Elschnig pearls and neodymium: yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser capsulotomy. Int J Ophthalmol. 2015;8(3):590-596.
  • Aron-Rosa D, Aron JJ, Griesemann M, Thyzel R. Use of the neodymium-yag laser to open the posterior capsule after lens implant surgery: A preliminary report. Am Intra-Ocular Implant Soc J. 1980;6(4):352-354.
  • Fankhauser F, Roussel P, Steffen J, Van Der Zypen E, Chrenkova A. Clinical studies on the efficiency of high power laser radiation upon some structures of the anterior segment of the eye. Int Ophthalmol. 1981;3(3):129-139.
  • Murrill CA, Stanfield DL, Van Brocklin MD. Capsulotomy. Optom Clin. 1995;4(4):69—83.
  • Vasavada AR, Praveen MR. Posterior Capsule Opacification After Phacoemulsification. Asia-Pacific J Ophthalmol. 2014;3(4):235-240.
  • Uchainiya A, Thakur S, Kujur R, Garg R. International Journal Of Scientific Research Study Of Nd: YAG Laser Posterior Capsulotomy And Its Effect On Intra Ocular Pressure. 2018;(5):26-29.
  • Wesolosky JD, Tennant M, Rudnisky CJ. Rate of retinal tear and detachment after neodymium:YAG capsulotomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2017;43(7):923-928.
  • Uzel MM, Ozates S, Koc M, Taslipinar Uzel AG, Yılmazbaş P. Decentration and Tilt of Intraocular Lens after Posterior Capsulotomy. Semin Ophthalmol. 2018:1-6.
  • Chambless WS. Neodymium:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy results and complications. Am Intra-Ocular Implant Soc J. 1985;11(1):31-32.
  • Steinert RF, Puliafito CA, Kumar SR, Dudak SD, Patel S. Cystoid Macular Edema, Retinal Detachment, and Glaucoma after Nd:YAG Laser Posterior Capsulotomy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991;112(4):373-380.
  • MC K, DR S, HL L. Intraocular pressure and the corneal endothelium after neodymium-yag laser posterior capsulotomy: Relative effects of aphakia and pseudophakia. Arch Ophthalmol. 1985;103(4):511-514.
  • Parker WT, Clorfeine GS, Stocklin RD. Marked intraocular pressure rise following Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy. Ophthalmic Surg. 1984;15(2):103—104.
  • Macewen CJ, Dutton GN, Holding D. Angle closure following neodymium-YAG(Nd YAG) laser capsulotomy in the aphakic eye. Br J Ophthalmol. 1985;69(10):795-796.
  • Pinipe SD, Varanasi SS. a Clinical Study of Visual Outcome and Iop Changes Following Yag capsulotomy in Postoperative Cataract Patients. J Evid Based Med Healthc. 2017;4(94):5858-5861.
  • Harish A, Chief R, Hampton E, Care P. Nd ­ YAG Laser Capsulotomy. 2016;68(2):2015-2017.
  • Chua CN, Gibson A, Kazakos DC. Refractive changes following Nd:YAG capsulotomy. Eye. 2001;15(3):304.
  • Yilmaz S, Ozdil MA, Bozkir N, Maden A. The effect of Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy size on refraction and visual acuity. J Refract Surg. 2006;22(7):719.
  • Findl O, Drexler W, Menapace R, et al. Changes in intraocular lens position after neodymium:YAG capsulotomy. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1999;25(5):659-662.
  • Nakazawa M, Ohtsuki K. Apparent Accommodation in Pseudophakic Eyes after Implantation of Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses. Am J Ophthalmol. 1983;96(4):435-438.
  • Karahan E, Er D, Kaynak S. An Overview of Nd:YAG Laser Capsulotomy. Med hypothesis, Discov Innov Ophthalmol. 2014;3(2):45-50.
  • Hu CY, Woung LC, Wang MC, Jian JH. Influence of laser posterior capsulotomy on anterior chamber depth, refraction, and intraocular pressure. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2000;26(8):1183-1189.
  • Thornval P, Naeser K. Refraction and anterior chamber depth before and after neodymium:YAG laser treatment for posterior capsule opacification in pseudophakic eyes: A prospective study. J Cataract Refract Surg. 1995;21(4):457-460.
  • Akmaz B, Cakir A, Bayat A, Karadas A. The effect of posterior capsulotomy size on refraction and anterior chamber parameters following Nd:YAG laser treatment. Med Sci | Int Med J. 2018:1.
  • M Z, SN A. Effect of Nd: YAGlaser posterior capsulotomy on anterior chamber depth, intraocular pressure and refractive status. Asian J Ophthalmol. 2003;5:2-5.
  • Keates RH, Steinert RF, Puliafito CA, Maxwell SK. Long-term follow-up of Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Am Intra-Ocular Implant Soc J. 1984;10(2):164-168.
  • Antunes A, Minello P, Augusto P, Mello DA. Efficacy of topic ocular hipotensive agents after posterior capsulotomy. 2008;71(5):706-710.
  • Lin J-C, Katz LJ, Spaeth GL, Klancnik JM. IOP Control after Nd:YAG Laser Posterior Capsulotomy in Eyes with Glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008;92:337–339.
  • Min JK, An JH, Yim JH. A new technique for Nd: YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Int J Ophthalmol. 2014;7(2):345.
  • Hayashi K, Nakao F, Hayashi H. Influence of size of neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser posterior capsulotomy on visual function. Eye. 2010;24:101-106.
  • Vella M, Wickremasinghe S, Gupta N, Andreou P, Sinha A. YAG laser capsulotomy, an unusual complication. Eye. 2004;18:193-194.
  • Kara N, Evcimen Y, Kirik F, Agachan A, Yigit FU. Comparison of two laser capsulotomy techniques: Cruciate versus circular. Semin Ophthalmol. 2014;29(3):151-155.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Mehmed Uğur Işık 0000-0001-7337-5469

Yayımlanma Tarihi 12 Aralık 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 15 Eylül 2018
Kabul Tarihi 1 Kasım 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Işık MU. Nd:YAG lazer arka kapsülotomi boyutunun refraksiyon ve göz içi basinç değerleri üzerine etkisi. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2018;15(3):216-20.

Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi  / Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty