COVID-19 Geçiren, CoronaVac ve BNT162b2 Aşı olan Bireylerde Hümoral İmmün Yanıtın Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 3, 576 - 580, 27.12.2022

Nesrin Gareayaghi Gareayaghi , Harika Öykü Dinç , Doğukan Özbey , Rüveyda Akçin , Ferhat Osman Daşdemir , Seher Akkus , Önder Yüksel Eryiğit , Bekir Kocazeybek

https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1138445

Öz

Giriş: Günümüzde COVID-19 aşı ya da enfeksiyon sonrasında humoral immün yanıtı değerlendirmek amacıyla pek çok immünolojik test yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Çalışmamızda da CoronaVac, BNT162b2 ve COVID-19 geçiren kişilerde SARS-CoV-2 humoral immün yanıtı farklı prensipli immünolojik test yöntemleriyle değerlendirmeyi amaçladık.
Materyal-metot: COVID-19 tanısı alan 30, CoronaVac aşısı olan 35 ve BNT162b2 aşısı olan 35 kişinin 28 gün sonra alınan serum örnekleri çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. SARS-CoV 2’nin spike proteini S1 alt biriminin reseptör bağlayıcı bölgesine (RBD) karşı nötralize edici antikorlar üç farklı prensibe yönelik (CMIA, ELISA, LFA) antikor testleri ile (ARCHITECT IgG II Quant test, Abbott, USA/SARS-CoV-2 NeutraLISA, Euroimmun, Lübeck, Almanya/ NeutraXpress™, JOYSBIO Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Tianjin China) çalışıldı. Verilerin istatistiksel değerlendirmesinde IBM SPSS statistic 21 paket programı kullanıldı.
Bulgular: Tüm olguların SARS-CoV-II kantitatif antikor titreleri 2635,150 (391,1-8053,425) AU/mL olarak saptandı. Gruplar arasındaki istatistiksel değerlendirmede, COVID-19 geçiren ve BNT162b2aşısı olan kişilerin SARS-CoV-II kantitatif antikor titreleri CoronaVac grubuna kıyasla anlamlı olarak yüksek saptandı (p<0.001). SARS-CoV-II nötralizan antikor inhibisyon yüzdesi tüm olgularda %88,411 (32,904-98,832) iken, COVID-19 geçiren ve BNT162b2 aşısı olan anlamlı olarak yüksek saptandı (p<0.001). Lateral-flow yöntemine göre bağlanan total antikor varlığı 75 (%75) kişide pozitif olarak saptanırken, Nötralizan antikor 60 (%60) kişide pozitif olarak saptandı.
Sonuç: Çalışmamıza göre, enfeksiyon ve aşılama sonrası SARS-CoV-2’ ye spesifik humoral immün yanıtın geliştiği görülmektedir. Ayrıca, immunolojik yöntemlerle humoral immün yanıtın değerlendirilmesinde, duyarlılığı ve özgüllüğü yüksek olan testlerin tercih edilmesi gerektiğini düşünmekteyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Antikor, ELISA, CLIA

Evaluation of Humoral Immune Response in Individuals with COVID-19, Coro-naVac and BNT162b2 Vaccines

Öz

Background: Currently, many immunological test methods are used to evaluate the humoral immune response after COVID-19 vaccination or infection. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the SARS-CoV-2 humoral immune response in people who had implemented CoronaVac, BNT162b2 and diagnosed with COVID-19 with different immunological test methods.
Materials and Methods: Serum samples from 30 people diagnosed with COVID-19, 35 people with CoronaVac vaccine and 35 people with BNT162b2 vaccine taken 28 days later were included in the study. Neutralizing antibodies against the receptor-binding region (RBD) of the spike protein S1 subunit of SARS-CoV 2, with antibody tests against three different principles (CMIA, ELISA, LFA) (ARCHITECT IgG II Quant test, Abbott, USA/SARS-CoV- 2 NeutraLISA, Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany/ NeutraXpress™, JOYSBIO Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Tianjin China) were studied. IBM SPSS statistic 21 package program was used for the statistical evaluation of the data.
Results: SARS-CoV-II quantitative antibody titers of all cases were found to be 2635,150 (391.1-8053,425) AU/mL.In the statistical evaluation between the groups, the SARS-CoV-2 quantitative antibody titers of the people who had COVID-19 and were vaccinated with BNT162b2 were found to be significantly higher than the CoronaVac group (p<0.001). While the percentage of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody inhibition was 88,4% (32,9-98,8) in all cases, it was found to be significantly higher in those who had COVID-19 and had BNT162b2 vaccine (p<0.001). While the presence of total anti-bodies bound by the lateral-flow method was positive in 75 (75%) individuals, Neutralizing antibody was positive in 60 (60%) individuals.
Conclusions: According to the results of our study, a specific humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 develops after both infection and vaccination. In addition, we think that the tests with high sensitivity and specificity should be preferred in the evaluation of humoral immune response by immunological methods.

Key Words: BNT162b2, CoronaVac, CLIA, ELISA, LFA, COVID-19

Kaynakça

• 1. Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports. [homepage on the internet] https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situatio... [cited 24 June 2022]
• 2. Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health (2022) COVID-19 vaccination information platform. [homepage on the internet] https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr/. [cited 24 June 2022]
• 3. Poland GA, Ovsyannikova IG, Kennedy RB. Sars Cov-2 Immunity:review and applications to phase 3 vaccine candidates. Lancet 2020;396(10262):1595-606.
• 4. CDC. Antibody Tests Guidelines. [homepage on the internet] https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/lab/resources/antibody-tests-guidelines.html [cited 24 June 2022]
• 5. Lumley SF ve ark. Antibody status and incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in health care workers. N. Engl. J. Med. 2021;384, 533–540.
• 6. Higgins V., Fabros A., Kulasingam V. Quantitative measurement of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: Analytical and clinical evaluation. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2021;59:e03149-20. doi: 10.1128/JCM.03149-20.
• 7. Verkerke H., Horwath M., Saeedi B., Boyer D., Allen J.W., Owens J., Arthur C.M., Nakahara H., Rha J., Patel K., et al. Comparison of antibody class-specific SARS-CoV-2 serologies for the diagnosis of acute COVID-19. J. Clin. Microbiol. 2021;59:e02026-20. doi: 10.1128/JCM.02026-20.
• 8. World Health Organization (2020) Establishment of the WHO International standard and reference panel for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody. WHO/BS/2020.2403. [homepage on the internet] https://www.who.int/publications/m/item/WHO-BS-2020.2403. [cited 24 June 2022]
• 9. Abbott SARS-CoV-2 Immunoassays. [homepage on the internet] https://www.corelaboratory.abbott/int/en/offerings/segments/infectious-disease/sars-cov-2. [cited 24 June 2022]
• 10. SARS-CoV-2 IgG/Neutralizing antibody Rapid Test Kit. [homepage on the internet] https://en.joysbio.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/IFU-SARS-CoV-2-IgG-Neutralizing-antibody-Rapid-Test-Kit.pdf14. [cited 24 June 2022]
• 11. WHO. COVID-19 News. [homepage on the internet] https://www.who.int/news/item/05-05-2022-14.9-million-excess-deaths-were-associated-with-the-covid-19-pandemic-in-2020-and-2021 [cited 24 June 2022]
• 12. Post N, Eddy D, Huntley C, et al. Antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans: A systematic review. PLoS One. 2020;15(12):e0244126. Published 2020 Dec 31. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244126
• 13. Angyal A, Longet S, Moore SC, et al. T-cell and antibody responses to first BNT162b2 vaccine dose in previously infected and SARS-CoV-2-naive UK health-care workers: a multicentre prospective cohort study. Lancet Microbe. 2022;3(1):e21-e31. doi:10.1016/S2666-5247(21)00275-5
• 14. Mok CKP, Cohen CA, Cheng SMS, et al. Comparison of the immunogenicity of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac COVID-19 vaccines in Hong Kong. Respirology. 2022;27(4):301-310. doi:10.1111/resp.14191
• 15. Muena, Nicolás A et al. “Long-lasting neutralizing antibody responses in SARS-CoV-2 seropositive individuals are robustly boosted by immunization with the CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccines.” medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences 2021.05.17.21257197. 18 May. 2021, doi:10.1101/2021.05.17.21257197. Preprint.
• 16. Balkan İİ, Dinc HO, Can G, et al. Waning immunity to inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in healthcare workers: booster required [published online ahead of print, 2022 Mar 28]. Ir J Med Sci. 2022;1-7. doi:10.1007/s11845-022-02984-1