Araştırma Makalesi
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Effects of N-Acetylcysteine Therapy on 8-OHDG, Immunoglobulins, CRP, Pro-calcitonin, Prolidase and Oxidative Stress Levels in Bronchiectasis Patients

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3, 476 - 482
https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1537146

Öz

Background: Bronchiectasis is defined as the permanent and irreversible dilatation of the bronchi. It is a long-term condition in which the lung airways are excessively mucus-filled, making the lungs more vulnerable to infection. In our study, we aimed to investigate whether the serum levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), C-Reactive Protein (CRP), antibodies (IgA, IgG, IgM), procalcitonin, prolidase enzyme and oxidative stress markers would be useful in the diagnosis and follow-up of bronchiectasis patients having taken N-acetylcysteine (NAC).
Materials and Methods: The study included 30 bronchiectasis patients taking NAC therapy, 30 ones without NAC therapy and 30 healthy control groups. Their serum 8-OHdG, Prolidase levels were studied by ElISA method. Serum antioxidants levels such as TAS, TOS, OSI were also measured using spectrophtometric metod using Rel Assay brand commercial kit. Serum antibodies (IgA, IgM and IgG) were studied on the Siemens brand Adviye center device, and procalcitonin and CRP were determined by the Atellica CH device. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the SPSS 23,0 (SPSS® for Windows Chicago, IL, USA) package program.
Results: In this study, it was found that 8-OHdG, prolidase, TOS, OSI, IgG and IgA levels were higher in bronchiectasis patients groups with and without N-Acetylcysteine therapy. In addition, it was observed that total antioxidant compared to other groups. While IgG is considered an important component of the host defense system of the respiratory tract, it has been thought that high IgA levels may be associated with decreased risk of infection. In our study, it was observed that these biomarkers were significantly higher in bronc-hiectasis patients who did not get NAC therapy compared to other groups (p<0.001). The decrease in TAS levels indicates that anti-oxidant defense is weakened in the presence of bronchiectasis.
Conclusions: In this study, 8-OHdG, prolidase, TOS, OSI, IgG and IgA values were found to be higher in bronchiectasis patients who did not use NAC compared to other groups. TAS shows that the total antioxidant level decreases in the presence of bronchiectasis.
As a result of the analysis, 8-OHdG, TOS, OSI, Prolidase, IgA, procalcitonin and CRP levels were found to be statistically significantly higher compared to the groups not using NAC (p <0.001). IgM level was found to be statistically significantly lower compared to the groups not using NAC (p<0.001). The study showed that NAC significantly affected the variables studied. We hope that these biomar-kers can be an important component of diagnostic and follow-up parameters and contribute to treatment.

Proje Numarası

21068 Bap Proje

Kaynakça

  • 1. Mac Aogáin M, Chotirmall SH. Bronchiectasis and cough: An old relationship in need of renewed attention. Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2019;57:101812. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2019.101812.
  • 2. Flume PA, Chalmers JD, Olivier KN. Advances in bronchiec-tasis: endotyping, genetics, microbiome, and disease hete-rogeneity. The Lancet. 2018; 392: (10150), 880–90. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31767-7.
  • 3. Chandrasekaran R, Mac Aogáin M, Chalmers JD, Elborn SJ, Chotirmall SH. Geographic variation in the aetiology, epi-demiology and microbiology of bronchiectasis. BMC Pulm Med. 2018; 22;18(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s12890-018-0638-0.
  • 4. Zhu T, Gu H, Vinturache A, Ding G, Lu M. Bronchiectasis with secondary pulmonary infection in a child: A case re-port. Medicine. 2020, 99 (39), e22475. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000022475
  • 5. Metersky ML. The Initial Evaluation of Adults with Bronchi-ectasis. Clinics in Chest Medicine.2012, , 33(2):219-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2012.03.004.
  • 6. Rademacher J, WT. Bronchiectasis-Diagnosis and Treat-ment. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2011; 108(48): 809–15. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2011.0809.
  • 7. Lushchak VI. Free radicals, reactive oxygen species, oxidati-ve stress and its classification. Chemico-Biological Interac-tions. 2014; 224 164–75. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.10.016.
  • 8. Ballow M. Practical aspects of immunoglobulin replace-ment. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017; 119(4):299-303. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.07.020.
  • 9. Cohen R, SM. Diagnosis and Evaluation of Bronchiectasis. Clin Chest Med. 2022; 43(1):7-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2021.11.001.
  • 10. Moutachakkir M, Hanchi AL, Baraou A, Boukhira A, Chellak S. Caractéristiques immunoanalytiques de la protéine C-réactive et de la protéine C-réactive ultrasensible. Annales de Biologie Clinique. 2017;75 (2), 225–29. doi: 10.1684/abc.2017.1232.
  • 11. Namiduru ES. Prolidase. Bratislava Medical Journal. 2016; 117 (8), 480–5. doi:10.4149/BLL-2016-093.
  • 12. Hamade B. Huang DT. Procalcitonin: Where Are We Now? Critical Care Clinics. 2020;36 (1), 23–40. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2019.08.003.
  • 13. Ooi SL, Green R, Pak SC. N-Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Current Evidence. Bi-oMed Research International. 2018;(6):1-8 doi: 10.1155/2018/2469486.
  • 14. Luo A, Liu X, Hu Q, Yang M, Jiang H, Liu W. Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine on idiopathic or postinfective non-cystic fib-rosis bronchiectasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open. 2022; 12(3): e053625. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053625.
  • 15. Erel O. A new automated colorimetric method for measu-ring total oxidant status. Clinical Biochemistry. 2005; 38 (12), 1103–11. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.08.008
  • 16. Qi Q, Ailiyaer Y, Liu R, Zhang Y, Li C, Liu M, et al. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on exacerbations of bronchiectasis (BENE): A randomized controlled trial. Respir Res. 2019; 11;20(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s12931-019-1042-x.
  • 17. Inchingolo R, Pierandrei C, Montemurro G, Smargiassi A, Lohmeyer FM, Rizzi A. Antimicrobial resistance in common respiratory pathogens of chronic bronchiectasis patients: A literature review. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021;10(3): 326. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10030326.
  • 18. Guan W-jie Huang Y, Chen C-lan, Chen R- chang, Zhong N-shan. Macrolides, mucoactive drugs and adheren-ce for the management of bronchiectasis. Eur Respir J. 2018; 51: 1701987. doi: 10.1183/ 13993003.01987-2017.
  • 19. Crisafulli E, Coletti O, Costi S, Zanasi E, Lorenzi C, Lucic S, et al.. Effectiveness of Erdosteine in Elderly Patients with Bronchiectasis and Hypersecretion: A 15-Day, Prospective, Parallel, Open-Label, Pilot Study. Clin Ther. 2007; 29(9):2001-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.09.003.
  • 20. Bilton D, Daviskas E, Anderson SD, Kolbe J, King G, Stirling RG, et al. Phase 3 randomized study of the efficacy and sa-fety of inhaled dry powder mannitol for the symptomatic treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Chest. 2013; 144 (1), 215–25.
  • 21. Moitra S. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in COPD: Benefits often lost in trials. QJM. 2019; 1;112(5):387-8. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcy166.
  • 22. Calzetta L, Rogliani P, Facciolo F, Rinaldi B, Cazzola M, Matera MG. N-Acetylcysteine protects human bronchi by modulating the release of neurokinin A in an ex vivo model of COPD exacerbation. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018; 103:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.011
  • 23. Santus P, Signorello JC, Danzo F, Lazzaroni G, Saad M, Radovanovic D. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Proper-ties of N-Acetylcysteine: A Fresh Perspective. J Clin Med. 2024 Jul 15;13(14):4127. doi: 10.3390/jcm13144127
  • 24. Zheng JP, Wen FQ, Bai CX, Wan HY, Kang J, Chen P, et al. Twice daily N-acetylcysteine 600 mg for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PANTHEON): A ran-domised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Res-pir Med. 2014;2(3):187-94. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70286-8.
  • 25. Martínez-García MÁ, Máiz L, Olveira C, Girón RM, de la Rosa D, Blanco M, et al. Spanish Guidelines on Treatment of Bronchiectasis in Adults. Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed). 2018; 54(2):88-98. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2017.07.016.
  • 26. Olveira G, Olveira C, Dorado A, García-Fuentes E, Rubio E, Tinahones F, et al. Cellular and plasma oxidative stress bi-omarkers are raised in adults with bronchiectasis. Clinical Nutrition. 2013; 32 (1), 112–7. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.06.002.
  • 27. de Camargo AA, de Castro RAS, Vieira RP, Oliveira-Júnior MC, de Araujo AA, De Angelis K, et al. Systemic inflamma-tion and oxidative stress in adults with bronchiectasis: As-sociation with clinical and functional features. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2021; 16:76:e2474. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2474.
  • 28. Liu X, Deng K, Chen S, Zhang Y, Yao J, Weng X, et al. 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine as a biomarker of oxidative stress in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmo-nary disease. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2019; 49(1), 93–100. doi: 10.3906/sag-1807-106.
  • 29. Coban H, Gungen AC. Is There a Correlation between New Scoring Systems and Systemic Inflammation in Stable Bronchiectasis? Can Respir J. 2017; 9874068. doi: 10.1155/2017/9874068.
  • 30. Yazdani R, Abolhassani H, Asgardoon M, Shaghaghi M, Modaresi M, Azizi G, et al. Infectious and noninfectious pulmonary complications in patients with primary immuno-deficiency disorders. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2017;27 (4), 213–24. doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0166.
  • 31. Magdalena Misiura, Wojciech Miltyk. Cur-rent Understanding of the Emerging Role of Prolidase in Cellular Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(16): 5906.
  • 32. Eni-Aganga I, Lanaghan ZM, Balasubramaniam M, Dash C, Pandhare J. PROLIDASE: A Review from Discovery to its Role in Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci. 2021;8:723003. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.723003. eCollec-tion 2021.

N-Asetilsistein Tedavisinin Bronşektazi Hastalarında 8-OHDG, İmmünoglobulinler, CRP, Prokalsitonin, Prolidaz ve Oksidatif Stres Düzeylerine Etkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3, 476 - 482
https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1537146

Öz

Amaç: Bronşektazi giderek daha fazla tanınan ve bronşların kalıcı ve geri dönüşümsüz genişlemesi olarak tanımlanan bir hastalıktır. Akciğerin hava yollarının aşırı mukus birikmesine yol açtığı, akciğerlerin enfeksiyona karşı daha savunmasız olduğu uzun vadeli bir durumdur. Çalışmamızda N-asetilsistein (NAC) kullanan ve kullanmayan bronşektazi hastalarında 8-hidroksi deoksi guanozin (8-OHdG), C-Reaktif Protein (CRP), immünoglobulinler (IgA, IgG, IgM), prokalsitonin, prolidaz enzimi ve oksidatif stres belirteçlerinin serum düzeylerinin bronşektazi hastalarının tanı ve takibinde yararlı olup olmayacağını incelemeyi amaçladık.
Materyal ve metod: Bronşektazi hastalarından NAC kullanan 30 hasta, NAC kullanmayan 30 hasta ve 30 sağlıklı kontrol grubu olarak seçildi. Analiz sonucunda 8-OHdG, Prolidaz, seviyeleri ELISA yöntemi ile çalışıldı. TAS, TOS, OSİ düzeyleri spektrofotometrik Rel Assay marka ticari kitler kullanılarak ölçüldü. IgA, IgM ve IgG Siemens markalı Adviye center cihazında, prokalsitonin ve CRP Atellica CH ciha-zında çalışıdı. Elde edilen verileri SPSS 22.0 (SPSS® for Windows Chicago, IL, USA) paket programı kullanılarak istatistiksel analizleri yapıldı.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmada N-Asetilsistein tedavisi alan ve almayan bronşektazili hasta gruplarında 8-OHdG, prolidaz, TOS, OSI, IgG ve IgA düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu bulundu. Ayrıca toplam antioksidanın diğer gruplara göre daha yüksek olduğu görüldü. IgG solunum yollarının konak savunma sisteminin önemli bir bileşeni olarak kabul edilirken, yüksek IgA düzeylerinin enfeksiyon riskinin azalmasıyla ilişkili olabileceği düşünülmüştür. Çalışmamızda bu biyobelirteçlerin NAC tedavisi almayan bronşektazili hastalarda diğer gruplara göre anlamlı olarak daha yüksek olduğu görüldü (p<0,001). TAS düzeylerindeki azalma bronşektazi varlığında antioksidan savunmanın zayıfladığını göstermektedir.
Sonuç: Bu çalışmada NAC kullanmayan bronşektazili hastalarda 8-OHdG, prolidaz, TOS, OSİ, IgG ve IgA değerlerinin diğer gruplara göre daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuştur. TAS bronşektazi varlığında toplam antioksidan düzeyinin azaldığını göstermektedir. IgG, solunum yolunun konak savunma sisteminin önemli bir bileşenidir IgA düzeyi enfeksiyon riski daha fazladır. Çalışmamızda NAC kullanmayan bronşektazi hastalarında 8-OHdG, prolidaz, TOS, OSI, IgG ve IgA değerleri diğer gruplara göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. TAS bronşektazi varlığında total antioksidan seviyesinin azaldığını göstermektedir.Analiz sonucunda 8-OHdG, TOS, OSİ, Prolidaz, IgA, prokalsitonin ve CRP seviyeleri NAC kullanmayan gruplara göre istatiksel olarak anlamlı yüksek bulundu (p<0.001). IgM seviyesi ise NAC kullanmayan gruplara göre istatiksel olarak anlamlı düşük bulundu (p<0.001). Çalışma, NAC'ın incelenen değişkenleri önemli ölçüde etkilediğini gösterdi. Bu biyobeliteçlerin tanı ve takip parametrelerinin önemli bir bileşeni olabileceği ve tedaviye katkı sağlayacağını ümit ediyoruz

Etik Beyan

Etik Beyanı Bu çalışmada “Yükseköğretim Kurumları Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Yönergesi” kapsamında uyulması gereken tüm kurallara uyulduğunu, “Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiğine Aykırı İşlemler” başlığı altında belirtilen eylemlerin hiçbirinin yapılmadığını taahhüt ederiz. Çalışma Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Etik Kurulu tarafından onaylanmıştır (04.01.2021; E-76244175-050.04.04-4578).

Destekleyen Kurum

HUBAK (Harran Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Kurumu)

Proje Numarası

21068 Bap Proje

Kaynakça

  • 1. Mac Aogáin M, Chotirmall SH. Bronchiectasis and cough: An old relationship in need of renewed attention. Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 2019;57:101812. doi: 10.1016/j.pupt.2019.101812.
  • 2. Flume PA, Chalmers JD, Olivier KN. Advances in bronchiec-tasis: endotyping, genetics, microbiome, and disease hete-rogeneity. The Lancet. 2018; 392: (10150), 880–90. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31767-7.
  • 3. Chandrasekaran R, Mac Aogáin M, Chalmers JD, Elborn SJ, Chotirmall SH. Geographic variation in the aetiology, epi-demiology and microbiology of bronchiectasis. BMC Pulm Med. 2018; 22;18(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s12890-018-0638-0.
  • 4. Zhu T, Gu H, Vinturache A, Ding G, Lu M. Bronchiectasis with secondary pulmonary infection in a child: A case re-port. Medicine. 2020, 99 (39), e22475. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000022475
  • 5. Metersky ML. The Initial Evaluation of Adults with Bronchi-ectasis. Clinics in Chest Medicine.2012, , 33(2):219-31. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2012.03.004.
  • 6. Rademacher J, WT. Bronchiectasis-Diagnosis and Treat-ment. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2011; 108(48): 809–15. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2011.0809.
  • 7. Lushchak VI. Free radicals, reactive oxygen species, oxidati-ve stress and its classification. Chemico-Biological Interac-tions. 2014; 224 164–75. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.10.016.
  • 8. Ballow M. Practical aspects of immunoglobulin replace-ment. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2017; 119(4):299-303. doi: 10.1016/j.anai.2017.07.020.
  • 9. Cohen R, SM. Diagnosis and Evaluation of Bronchiectasis. Clin Chest Med. 2022; 43(1):7-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2021.11.001.
  • 10. Moutachakkir M, Hanchi AL, Baraou A, Boukhira A, Chellak S. Caractéristiques immunoanalytiques de la protéine C-réactive et de la protéine C-réactive ultrasensible. Annales de Biologie Clinique. 2017;75 (2), 225–29. doi: 10.1684/abc.2017.1232.
  • 11. Namiduru ES. Prolidase. Bratislava Medical Journal. 2016; 117 (8), 480–5. doi:10.4149/BLL-2016-093.
  • 12. Hamade B. Huang DT. Procalcitonin: Where Are We Now? Critical Care Clinics. 2020;36 (1), 23–40. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2019.08.003.
  • 13. Ooi SL, Green R, Pak SC. N-Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders: A Review of Current Evidence. Bi-oMed Research International. 2018;(6):1-8 doi: 10.1155/2018/2469486.
  • 14. Luo A, Liu X, Hu Q, Yang M, Jiang H, Liu W. Efficacy of N-acetylcysteine on idiopathic or postinfective non-cystic fib-rosis bronchiectasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open. 2022; 12(3): e053625. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053625.
  • 15. Erel O. A new automated colorimetric method for measu-ring total oxidant status. Clinical Biochemistry. 2005; 38 (12), 1103–11. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2005.08.008
  • 16. Qi Q, Ailiyaer Y, Liu R, Zhang Y, Li C, Liu M, et al. Effect of N-acetylcysteine on exacerbations of bronchiectasis (BENE): A randomized controlled trial. Respir Res. 2019; 11;20(1):73. doi: 10.1186/s12931-019-1042-x.
  • 17. Inchingolo R, Pierandrei C, Montemurro G, Smargiassi A, Lohmeyer FM, Rizzi A. Antimicrobial resistance in common respiratory pathogens of chronic bronchiectasis patients: A literature review. Antibiotics (Basel). 2021;10(3): 326. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics10030326.
  • 18. Guan W-jie Huang Y, Chen C-lan, Chen R- chang, Zhong N-shan. Macrolides, mucoactive drugs and adheren-ce for the management of bronchiectasis. Eur Respir J. 2018; 51: 1701987. doi: 10.1183/ 13993003.01987-2017.
  • 19. Crisafulli E, Coletti O, Costi S, Zanasi E, Lorenzi C, Lucic S, et al.. Effectiveness of Erdosteine in Elderly Patients with Bronchiectasis and Hypersecretion: A 15-Day, Prospective, Parallel, Open-Label, Pilot Study. Clin Ther. 2007; 29(9):2001-9. doi: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.09.003.
  • 20. Bilton D, Daviskas E, Anderson SD, Kolbe J, King G, Stirling RG, et al. Phase 3 randomized study of the efficacy and sa-fety of inhaled dry powder mannitol for the symptomatic treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Chest. 2013; 144 (1), 215–25.
  • 21. Moitra S. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in COPD: Benefits often lost in trials. QJM. 2019; 1;112(5):387-8. doi: 10.1093/qjmed/hcy166.
  • 22. Calzetta L, Rogliani P, Facciolo F, Rinaldi B, Cazzola M, Matera MG. N-Acetylcysteine protects human bronchi by modulating the release of neurokinin A in an ex vivo model of COPD exacerbation. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018; 103:1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.04.011
  • 23. Santus P, Signorello JC, Danzo F, Lazzaroni G, Saad M, Radovanovic D. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidant Proper-ties of N-Acetylcysteine: A Fresh Perspective. J Clin Med. 2024 Jul 15;13(14):4127. doi: 10.3390/jcm13144127
  • 24. Zheng JP, Wen FQ, Bai CX, Wan HY, Kang J, Chen P, et al. Twice daily N-acetylcysteine 600 mg for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PANTHEON): A ran-domised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Res-pir Med. 2014;2(3):187-94. doi: 10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70286-8.
  • 25. Martínez-García MÁ, Máiz L, Olveira C, Girón RM, de la Rosa D, Blanco M, et al. Spanish Guidelines on Treatment of Bronchiectasis in Adults. Arch Bronconeumol (Engl Ed). 2018; 54(2):88-98. doi: 10.1016/j.arbres.2017.07.016.
  • 26. Olveira G, Olveira C, Dorado A, García-Fuentes E, Rubio E, Tinahones F, et al. Cellular and plasma oxidative stress bi-omarkers are raised in adults with bronchiectasis. Clinical Nutrition. 2013; 32 (1), 112–7. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2012.06.002.
  • 27. de Camargo AA, de Castro RAS, Vieira RP, Oliveira-Júnior MC, de Araujo AA, De Angelis K, et al. Systemic inflamma-tion and oxidative stress in adults with bronchiectasis: As-sociation with clinical and functional features. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2021; 16:76:e2474. doi: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2474.
  • 28. Liu X, Deng K, Chen S, Zhang Y, Yao J, Weng X, et al. 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine as a biomarker of oxidative stress in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmo-nary disease. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences. 2019; 49(1), 93–100. doi: 10.3906/sag-1807-106.
  • 29. Coban H, Gungen AC. Is There a Correlation between New Scoring Systems and Systemic Inflammation in Stable Bronchiectasis? Can Respir J. 2017; 9874068. doi: 10.1155/2017/9874068.
  • 30. Yazdani R, Abolhassani H, Asgardoon M, Shaghaghi M, Modaresi M, Azizi G, et al. Infectious and noninfectious pulmonary complications in patients with primary immuno-deficiency disorders. J Investig Allergol Clin Immunol. 2017;27 (4), 213–24. doi: 10.18176/jiaci.0166.
  • 31. Magdalena Misiura, Wojciech Miltyk. Cur-rent Understanding of the Emerging Role of Prolidase in Cellular Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci. 2020; 21(16): 5906.
  • 32. Eni-Aganga I, Lanaghan ZM, Balasubramaniam M, Dash C, Pandhare J. PROLIDASE: A Review from Discovery to its Role in Health and Disease. Front Mol Biosci. 2021;8:723003. doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.723003. eCollec-tion 2021.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Tıbbi biyokimya - Proteinler, Peptitler ve Proteomik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Nihayet Bayraktar 0000-0002-5745-9678

Kudret Badem 0000-0002-8241-5968

Hamdiye Turan 0000-0002-5959-542X

Mehmet Bayraktar 0000-0003-2306-6531

Proje Numarası 21068 Bap Proje
Erken Görünüm Tarihi 19 Aralık 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 15 Kasım 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Bayraktar N, Badem K, Turan H, Bayraktar M. N-Asetilsistein Tedavisinin Bronşektazi Hastalarında 8-OHDG, İmmünoglobulinler, CRP, Prokalsitonin, Prolidaz ve Oksidatif Stres Düzeylerine Etkisi. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2024;21(3):476-82.

Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi  / Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty