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Konik Işınlı Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ile Anterior Mandibuladaki Vasküler Yapıların Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 54 - 60, 26.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1527902

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, klinik olarak elde edilen konik ışınlı bilgisayarlı tomografi (KIBT) görüntülerinin retrospektif analizini kullanarak anterior mandibuladaki lingual foramenin bölgesel sıklığını, yerini ve çapını değerlendirmektir.
Materyal ve Metod: Yetmiş altı hastanın (41 kadın ve 35 erkek) anterior mandibulalarındaki iki yüz otuz dört bölge, endosseöz kanalların varlığı açısından KIBT'ye dayalı olarak retrospektif şekilde incelenmiştir. Lingual foramen ile ilgili olarak, arterin maksimum çapı ve lingual foramenin çapı detaylı bir şekilde ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca, lingual foramen ile alveolar sırt, diş apeksi, mandibular sınır ve mental foramen arasındaki mesafeler de hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, istatistiksel olarak analiz edilmek üzere ANOVA ve bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir.
Ölçülen değişkenlerin dağılımları analizden önce normallik açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Normallik, Shapiro-Wilk testi gibi uygun istatistiksel testler ve Q-Q grafikleri gibi görsel inceleme yöntemleri kullanılarak doğrulanmıştır. Veriler normallik varsayımlarını karşıladığı için, analiz için parametrik testlerin uygun olduğu düşünülmüştür. Sonuç olarak, gruplar arasındaki farklılıkları ve değişkenler arasındaki ilişkileri değerlendirmek için ANOVA ve bağımsız örneklem t-testleri kullanılmıştır. Bu yaklaşım, normal dağılımın özelliklerini kullanarak daha sağlam istatistiksel çıkarımlara olanak tanımaktadır.
Bulgular: Bu çalışmada, lingual arter çapları 0.3 ila 1.67 mm arasında değişiklik göstermiştir. Lingual foramenlerin çoğu (47,62%) orta hat bölgesinde tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, KIBT taramalarında beşli kanal gözlemlenmiştir. Arter çapının en yüksek ölçümü sağ tarafta bulunurken, bu sonuç istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır (p < 0,01).
Lingual foramen ile alveolar sırt arasındaki en uzun mesafe de sağ tarafta kaydedilmiştir ve bu da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir sonuç göstermektedir (p < 0,05). Lingual foramen ile mental foramen arasındaki en yakın mesafe de sağ tarafta gözlemlenmiş olup, bu ölçüm de anlamlı bulunmuştur (p < 0,01).
Bu bulgular, anterior mandibulada cerrahi planlama için çok önemli olan lingual arter ve foraminaların anatomik varyasyonlarını ve mekansal ilişkilerini vurgulamaktadır.
Sonuç: Vasküler kanalların varlığı, çapı ve yaygınlığı ile ilgili bulgular, oral cerrahi uygulamaları açısından önemli sonuçlar ortaya koymaktadır. Anterior mandibulada gerçekleştirilecek her türlü operasyon planlanırken bu yapılar göz ardı edilmemelidir. Bu çalışmada, beşli lingual kanala sahip nadir bir vaka sunulmuştur.
Cerrahi müdahaleler sırasında potansiyel olarak yaşamı tehdit eden kanamayı önlemek için, mandibular cerrahiden önce bu vasküler yapıları KIBT kullanarak tanımlamak esastır. Bu proaktif yaklaşım cerrahi güvenliği artırır ve komplikasyon riskini azaltır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Katakami K, Mishima A, Kuribayashi A, Shimoda S, Hamada Y, Kobayashi K. Anatomical characteristics of the mandibu-lar lingual foramina observed on limited cone-beam CT im-ages. Clin Oral Implant Res. 2009;20:386-390.
  • 2. Di Bari R, Coronelli R, Cicconetti A. Intraosseous vasculari-zation of anterior mandible: a radiographic analysis. J Cra-niofac Surg. 2014;25:872-879.
  • 3. Park HD, Min CK, Kwak HH, Youn KH, Choi SH, Kim HJ. Topography of the outer mandibular symphyseal region with reference to the autogenous bone graft. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;33:781-785.
  • 4. Dym H, Huang D, Stern A. Alveolar bone grafting and recon-struction procedures prior to implant placement. Dent Clin North Am. 2012;56:209-218.
  • 5. He X, Jiang J, Cai W, Pan Y, Yang Y, Zhu K, et al. Assessment of the appearance, location and morphology of mandibular lingual foramina using cone beam computed tomography. Int Dent J. 2016;66:272-279.
  • 6. Aoun G, Nasseh I, Sokhn S, Rifai M. Lingual foramina and canals of the mandible: anatomic variations in a lebanese population. J Clin Imaging Sci. 2017;7:16.
  • 7. Tagaya A, Matsuda Y, Nakajima K, Seki K, Okano T. As-sessment of the blood supply to the lingual surface of the mandible for reduction of bleeding during implant surgery. Clin Oral Implant Res. 2009;20:351-355.
  • 8. Liang X, Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Vandewalle G. Lingual foramina on the mandibular midline revisited: a macroana-tomical study. Clin Anat. 2007;20:246-251.
  • 9. Babiuc I, Tarlungeanu I, Pauna M. Cone beam computed tomography observations of the lingual foramina and their bony canals in the median region of the mandible. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2011;52:827-829.
  • 10. Sahman H, Sekerci AE, Ertas ET. Lateral lingual vascular canals of the mandible: a CBCT study of 500 cases. Surg Radiol Anat. 2014;36:865-870.
  • 11. De Andrade E, Otomo-Corgel J, Pucher J, Ranganath KA. The intraosseous course of the mandibular incisive nerve in the mandibular symphysis. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2011;21:591-597.
  • 12. Loukas M, Kinsella Jr CR, Kapos T, Tubbs RS, Ramachandra S. Anatomical variation in arterial supply of the mandible with special regard to implant placement. Int J Oral Maxil-lofac Surg. 2008;37:367-371.
  • 13. Madeira MC, Percinoto C, Maria das Graças MS. Clinical significance of supplementary innervation of the lower inci-sor teeth: a dissection study of the mylohyoid nerve. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1978;46:608-614.
  • 14. Nakajima K, Tagaya A, Otonari-Yamamoto M, Seki K, Araki K, Sano T, et al. Composition of the blood supply in the sub-lingual and submandibular spaces and its relationship to the lateral lingual foramen of the mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014;117:e32–e38.
  • 15. Liang X, Jacobs R, Corpas LS, Semal P, Lambrichts I. Chrono-logic and geographic variability of neurovascular structures in the human mandible. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;190:24-32.
  • 16. Ludlow JB, Laster WS, See M, Bailey LT, Hershey HG. Accu-racy of measurements of mandibular anatomy in cone beam computed tomography images. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;103:534- 542.
  • 17. Stratemann SA, Huang JC, Maki K, Miller AJ, Hatcher DC. Comparison of cone beam computed tomography imaging with physical measures. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2008;37:80-93.
  • 18. Murlimanju BV, Prakash KG, Samiullah D, Prabhu LV, Pai MM, Vadgaonkar R, et al. Accessory neurovascular forami-na on the lingual surface of mandible: incidence, topogra-phy, and clinical implications. Indian J Dent Res. 2012;23:433.
  • 19. Yildirim YD, Güncü GN, Galindo-Moreno P, Velasco-Torres M, Juodzbalys G, Kubilius M, et al. Evaluation of mandibular lingual foramina related to dental implant treatment with computerized tomography: a multicenter clinical study. Im-plant Dent. 2014;23:57-63.
  • 20. Gahleitner A, Hofschneider U, Tepper G, Pretterklieber M, Schick S, Zauza K, et al. Lingual vascular canals of the man-dible: evaluation with dental CT. Radiology. 2001;220:186-189.
  • 21. Sekerci AE, Sisman Y, Payveren MA. Evaluation of location and dimensions of mandibular lingual foramina using cone-beam computed tomography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2014;36:857-864.
  • 22. Scaravilli MS, Mariniello M, Sammartino G. Mandibular lingual vascular canals (MLVC): evaluation on dental CTs of a case series. Eur J Radiol. 2010;76:173-176.
  • 23. Kim D, Kim M, Kim C. Distribution of the lingual foramina in mandibular cortical bone in Koreans. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;39:263-268.
  • 24. Rashsuren O, Choi JW, Han WJ, Kim EK. Assessment of bifid and trifid mandibular canals using cone-beam computed tomography. Imaging Sci Dent. 2014;44:229-236.
  • 25. Do Q, Shen D, Ohyama H, Tubbs RS, Iwanaga J. A rare case of trifid mandibular canal with bilateral retromolar forami-na. Anat Cell Biol. 2020;53:512-515.
  • 26. Tepper G, Hofschneider UB, Gahleitner A, Ulm C. Computed tomographic diagnosis and localization of bone canals in the mandibular interforaminal region for prevention of bleeding complications during implant surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16:68-72.
  • 27. Jacobs R, Mraiwa N, VanSteenberghe D, Gijbels F, Quirynen M. Appearance, location, course, and morphology of the mandibular incisive canal: an assessment on spiral CT scan. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2002;31:322-327.
  • 28. Vandewalle G, Liang X, Jacob R, Lambrichts I. Macroana-tomic and radiologic characteristics of the superior genial spinal foramen and its bony canal. Int J Oral Maxillofac Im-plants. 2006;21:581-586.
  • 29. Romanos GE, Gupta B, Davids R, Damouras M, Crespi R. Distribution of endosseous bony canals in the mandibular symphysis as detected with cone beam computed tomog-raphy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2012;27:273-277.
  • 30. Lustig JP, London D, Dor BL, Yanko R. Ultrasound identifica-tion and quantitative measurement of blood supply to the anterior mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Ra-diol Endod. 2003;96:625-629.
  • 31. Dubois L, de Lange J, Baas E, Van Ingen J. Excessive bleed-ing in the floor of the mouth after endosseus implant placement: a report of two cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;39:412-415.
  • 32. Kusum CK, Mody PV, Nooji D, Rao SK, Wankhade BG. Inter-foraminal hemorrhage during anterior mandibular implant placement: An overview. Dent Res J. 2015;12(4):291-300.

Evaluation of Vascular Structures in the Anterior Mandible with Cone Beam Computed Tomography

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1, 54 - 60, 26.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.35440/hutfd.1527902

Öz

Background: The aim of this article was to evaluate the regional frequency, location, and diameter of the lingual foramen in the anterior mandible using a retrospective analysis of clinically obtained cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images.
Materials and Methods: Two hundred thirty-four regions of the anterior mandible from 76 patients (41 female and 35 male) were exam-ined retrospectively using CBCT for the presence of endosseous bony canals. The study focused on the lingual foramen, measuring both the maximum diameter of the artery and the diameter of the lingual foramen itself. Additionally, distances were measured between the lingual foramen and the alveolar ridge, tooth apex, mandibular border, and mental foramen. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and inde-pendent sample t-tests to determine statistical significance.
The distributions of the measured variables were assessed for normality prior to analysis. Normality was confirmed using appropriate statistical tests, such as the Shapiro-Wilk test, and visual inspection methods, including Q-Q plots. Since the data met the assumptions of normality, parametric tests were deemed appropriate for analysis. Consequently, ANOVA and independent sample t-tests were employed to evaluate the differences among groups and the relationships between variables. This approach allows for more robust statistical infer-ences, leveraging the properties of the normal distribution.
Results: The diameters of the lingual artery ranged from 0.3 mm to 1.67 mm, with the majority of lingual foramina (47.62%) located in the midline region. Notably, a quintuple canal was identified in the CBCT scans. The highest measurement of the artery diameter was statistical-ly significant (p < 0.01), along with the longest distance between the lingual foramen and the alveolar ridge (p < 0.05), and the shortest distance between the lingual and mental foramen (p < 0.01), all observed on the right side. These findings highlight the anatomical varia-tions and spatial relationships of the lingual artery and foramina, which are crucial for surgical planning in the anterior mandible.
Conclusions: The findings regarding the presence, diameter, and prevalence of vascular canals are critical for oral surgery and must be considered when planning any procedures in the anterior mandible. Notably, we report an uncommon case involving a quintuple lingual canal. To prevent potentially life-threatening bleeding during surgical interventions, it is essential to identify these vascular structures using CBCT prior to mandibular surgery. This proactive approach enhances surgical safety and reduces the risk of complications.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Katakami K, Mishima A, Kuribayashi A, Shimoda S, Hamada Y, Kobayashi K. Anatomical characteristics of the mandibu-lar lingual foramina observed on limited cone-beam CT im-ages. Clin Oral Implant Res. 2009;20:386-390.
  • 2. Di Bari R, Coronelli R, Cicconetti A. Intraosseous vasculari-zation of anterior mandible: a radiographic analysis. J Cra-niofac Surg. 2014;25:872-879.
  • 3. Park HD, Min CK, Kwak HH, Youn KH, Choi SH, Kim HJ. Topography of the outer mandibular symphyseal region with reference to the autogenous bone graft. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2004;33:781-785.
  • 4. Dym H, Huang D, Stern A. Alveolar bone grafting and recon-struction procedures prior to implant placement. Dent Clin North Am. 2012;56:209-218.
  • 5. He X, Jiang J, Cai W, Pan Y, Yang Y, Zhu K, et al. Assessment of the appearance, location and morphology of mandibular lingual foramina using cone beam computed tomography. Int Dent J. 2016;66:272-279.
  • 6. Aoun G, Nasseh I, Sokhn S, Rifai M. Lingual foramina and canals of the mandible: anatomic variations in a lebanese population. J Clin Imaging Sci. 2017;7:16.
  • 7. Tagaya A, Matsuda Y, Nakajima K, Seki K, Okano T. As-sessment of the blood supply to the lingual surface of the mandible for reduction of bleeding during implant surgery. Clin Oral Implant Res. 2009;20:351-355.
  • 8. Liang X, Jacobs R, Lambrichts I, Vandewalle G. Lingual foramina on the mandibular midline revisited: a macroana-tomical study. Clin Anat. 2007;20:246-251.
  • 9. Babiuc I, Tarlungeanu I, Pauna M. Cone beam computed tomography observations of the lingual foramina and their bony canals in the median region of the mandible. Rom J Morphol Embryol 2011;52:827-829.
  • 10. Sahman H, Sekerci AE, Ertas ET. Lateral lingual vascular canals of the mandible: a CBCT study of 500 cases. Surg Radiol Anat. 2014;36:865-870.
  • 11. De Andrade E, Otomo-Corgel J, Pucher J, Ranganath KA. The intraosseous course of the mandibular incisive nerve in the mandibular symphysis. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 2011;21:591-597.
  • 12. Loukas M, Kinsella Jr CR, Kapos T, Tubbs RS, Ramachandra S. Anatomical variation in arterial supply of the mandible with special regard to implant placement. Int J Oral Maxil-lofac Surg. 2008;37:367-371.
  • 13. Madeira MC, Percinoto C, Maria das Graças MS. Clinical significance of supplementary innervation of the lower inci-sor teeth: a dissection study of the mylohyoid nerve. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1978;46:608-614.
  • 14. Nakajima K, Tagaya A, Otonari-Yamamoto M, Seki K, Araki K, Sano T, et al. Composition of the blood supply in the sub-lingual and submandibular spaces and its relationship to the lateral lingual foramen of the mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014;117:e32–e38.
  • 15. Liang X, Jacobs R, Corpas LS, Semal P, Lambrichts I. Chrono-logic and geographic variability of neurovascular structures in the human mandible. Forensic Sci Int. 2009;190:24-32.
  • 16. Ludlow JB, Laster WS, See M, Bailey LT, Hershey HG. Accu-racy of measurements of mandibular anatomy in cone beam computed tomography images. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;103:534- 542.
  • 17. Stratemann SA, Huang JC, Maki K, Miller AJ, Hatcher DC. Comparison of cone beam computed tomography imaging with physical measures. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2008;37:80-93.
  • 18. Murlimanju BV, Prakash KG, Samiullah D, Prabhu LV, Pai MM, Vadgaonkar R, et al. Accessory neurovascular forami-na on the lingual surface of mandible: incidence, topogra-phy, and clinical implications. Indian J Dent Res. 2012;23:433.
  • 19. Yildirim YD, Güncü GN, Galindo-Moreno P, Velasco-Torres M, Juodzbalys G, Kubilius M, et al. Evaluation of mandibular lingual foramina related to dental implant treatment with computerized tomography: a multicenter clinical study. Im-plant Dent. 2014;23:57-63.
  • 20. Gahleitner A, Hofschneider U, Tepper G, Pretterklieber M, Schick S, Zauza K, et al. Lingual vascular canals of the man-dible: evaluation with dental CT. Radiology. 2001;220:186-189.
  • 21. Sekerci AE, Sisman Y, Payveren MA. Evaluation of location and dimensions of mandibular lingual foramina using cone-beam computed tomography. Surg Radiol Anat. 2014;36:857-864.
  • 22. Scaravilli MS, Mariniello M, Sammartino G. Mandibular lingual vascular canals (MLVC): evaluation on dental CTs of a case series. Eur J Radiol. 2010;76:173-176.
  • 23. Kim D, Kim M, Kim C. Distribution of the lingual foramina in mandibular cortical bone in Koreans. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2013;39:263-268.
  • 24. Rashsuren O, Choi JW, Han WJ, Kim EK. Assessment of bifid and trifid mandibular canals using cone-beam computed tomography. Imaging Sci Dent. 2014;44:229-236.
  • 25. Do Q, Shen D, Ohyama H, Tubbs RS, Iwanaga J. A rare case of trifid mandibular canal with bilateral retromolar forami-na. Anat Cell Biol. 2020;53:512-515.
  • 26. Tepper G, Hofschneider UB, Gahleitner A, Ulm C. Computed tomographic diagnosis and localization of bone canals in the mandibular interforaminal region for prevention of bleeding complications during implant surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2001;16:68-72.
  • 27. Jacobs R, Mraiwa N, VanSteenberghe D, Gijbels F, Quirynen M. Appearance, location, course, and morphology of the mandibular incisive canal: an assessment on spiral CT scan. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2002;31:322-327.
  • 28. Vandewalle G, Liang X, Jacob R, Lambrichts I. Macroana-tomic and radiologic characteristics of the superior genial spinal foramen and its bony canal. Int J Oral Maxillofac Im-plants. 2006;21:581-586.
  • 29. Romanos GE, Gupta B, Davids R, Damouras M, Crespi R. Distribution of endosseous bony canals in the mandibular symphysis as detected with cone beam computed tomog-raphy. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2012;27:273-277.
  • 30. Lustig JP, London D, Dor BL, Yanko R. Ultrasound identifica-tion and quantitative measurement of blood supply to the anterior mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Ra-diol Endod. 2003;96:625-629.
  • 31. Dubois L, de Lange J, Baas E, Van Ingen J. Excessive bleed-ing in the floor of the mouth after endosseus implant placement: a report of two cases. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2010;39:412-415.
  • 32. Kusum CK, Mody PV, Nooji D, Rao SK, Wankhade BG. Inter-foraminal hemorrhage during anterior mandibular implant placement: An overview. Dent Res J. 2015;12(4):291-300.
Toplam 32 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Ağız, Yüz ve Çene Cerrahisi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ayşe Bulut 0000-0002-3893-5691

Ahu Eser Eset 0000-0001-5618-7722

Nazime Tuncay 0000-0001-5791-3562

Ülkem Cilasun 0000-0002-0131-2933

Ömer Engin Bulut 0000-0001-7555-9560

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 11 Mart 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 26 Mart 2025
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Ağustos 2024
Kabul Tarihi 28 Ocak 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 22 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Vancouver Bulut A, Eset AE, Tuncay N, Cilasun Ü, Bulut ÖE. Evaluation of Vascular Structures in the Anterior Mandible with Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi. 2025;22(1):54-60.

Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi  / Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty