Evaluation of The Efficiency of Glutaraldehyde Coagulation Test in Some Cattle Diseases: 2021-2022 Retrospective Study

Abstract

Metabolic disorders occurring in negative energy balance (NEB) in cows cause diseases related to immunosuppression and economic losses. Although treatment, animal welfare, and herd immunity are possible with comprehensive clinical diagnostics combined with laboratory evaluation, the applicability and availability of these analytes in the farm setting are often limited. Therefore, the glutaraldehyde coagulation (GC) test, a fast, practical, and inexpensive test, help diagnose inflammatory diseases in cattle. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the GC test in certain bovine diseases whose etiology is classified as infectious or non-infectious due to clinical and laboratory examinations. The animal material was 40 Holstein cows with various clinical findings brought to Harran University, Veterinary Faculty Animal Hospital for diagnosis and treatment. Following the anamnesis, physical examinations of all the cows were performed. As a result of the hemogram analysis of the venous blood samples (8-10 mL) along with the physical examination findings, the cows were divided into two subgroups, Infectious (n:14) and Non-Infectious (n:26); GC test was performed from the venous blood samples. In the physical examination, the respiratory rate, heart rate, and body temperature of the cows in the Infectious Group were higher than those of the Non-Infectious Group (p<0.008). WBC and granulocyte levels of the Infectious Group were higher than the Non-Infectious Group (p<0.000). The GC test result was 70 seconds in the Infectious Group and 165 seconds in the Non-Infectious Group (p<0.001). The optimal cut-off value was 100 seconds (sensitivity: 87%, specificity: 72.7%) for detecting the presence of an inflammatory process in the ROC analysis. As a result, it was concluded that the GC test might give results ranging from mild to severe even in some non-infectious diseases such as rumen alkalosis, left displacement of the abomasum and ulcer, and when evaluated along with clinical findings in a farm setting, it can provide helpful information for the diagnosis of the diseases.

Keywords

• Cattle
• diagnosis
• glutaraldehyde coagulation test
• infectious
• inflammatory

Bazı Sığır Hastalıklarında Gluteraldehit Koagulasyon Testinin Etkinliğinin Değerlendirilmesi: 2021-2022 Retrospektif Çalışma

Abstract

İneklerde negatif enerji dengesinde (NED) oluşan metabolik hastalıklar, immunsupresyona bağlı hastalıklara sebep olup ekonomik kayıplara yol açmaktadır. Hastalıkların tedavisi, hayvan refahı ve sürünün korunması, kapsamlı klinik diagnostikler ile birlikte laboratuvar değerlendirilmesi ile mümkün olsa da çiftlik ortamında bu analitlerin uygulanabilirliği ve bulunabilirliği genellikle kısıtlıdır. Bu sebeple hızlı, pratik ve ucuz bir test olan gluteraldehit koagulasyon (GK) testi, sığırların yangısal hastalıklarının tanısında faydalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, klinik ve laboratuvar muayeneleri sonucu hastalık etiyolojisi enfeksiyöz veya non-enfeksiyöz olarak sınıflandırılmış bazı sığır hastalıklarında GK testinin etkinliğini değerlendirmektir. Hayvan materyali Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Hayvan Hastanesine çeşitli klinik bulgularla, tanı ve tedavi amacı ile getirilmiş toplam 40 adet Holstein inekti. Anamnez bilgisini takiben tüm ineklerin fiziksel muayeneleri gerçekleştirildi. Fiziksel muayene bulguları ile birlikte alınan venöz kan örneklerinin (8-10 mL) hemogram analizi sonucu, çalışmaya dahil edilen inekler Enfeksiyöz (n:14) ve non-Enfeksiyöz (n:26) olarak iki alt gruba ayrıldı, tüm ineklerin venöz kan örneklerinden GK testi gerçekleştirildi. Fiziksel muayenede Enfeksiyöz Grubu ineklerinin solunum sayısı, kalp ritmi ve vücut sıcaklığı Non-Enfeksiyöz Gruba göre daha yüksekti (p<0.008). Enfeksiyöz Grubun WBC ve granülosit düzeyleri Non-Enfeksiyöz Gruba göre daha yüksekti (p<0.000). GK testi sonucu Enfeksiyöz Grubunda 70 saniye iken Non-Enfeksiyöz Grubunda 165 saniyeydi (p<0.001). ROC analizinde yangısal süreç varlığının tespiti için optimal cut-off değeri 100 saniyeydi (sensitivite: %87, spesifite: %72.7). Sonuç olarak, GK testinin enfeksiyöz etiyolojide olmayan rumen alkalozu, abomazumun sola deplasmanı ve ülseri gibi bazı hastalıklarda bile hafif şiddetliden şiddetliye değişen sonuç verebileceği ve çiftlik ortamında klinik bulgularla birlikte değerlendirildiğinde hastalık tanısına yardımcı bilgi sağlayabileceği kanısına varıldı.

Keywords

• Enfeksiyöz
• gluteraldehit koagulasyon testi
• sığır
• tanı
• yangısal

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