Evaluation of the treatment of traumatic coxofemoral luxations in dogs using toggle pin technique

Abstract

This study was performed on 11 dogs diagnosed with traumatic coxofemoral luxation. The direction of the luxations, the operation details, postoperative complications, and radiographic evaluation were recorded during the study. The study utilized the toggle pin technique, which provided open-reduction techniques for the treatment of coxofemoral luxations. Polyester multifilament braided sutures with commercial toggle pins were employed in three cases, whereas toggle pins obtained from Kirschner wire and monofilament nylon suture material were performed in eight patients. Clinical and radiographic monitoring of postoperative lameness, complications, pain, and infection were assessed and recorded for comparison. Postoperative reluxation was observed in two cases in which multifilament braided polyester suture material was performed without other complications. In the cases without reluxation, it was noted that the animals used their limbs comfortably on the 1st postoperative day, and their lameness scores were 0 on the 7th postoperative day. As a result of the findings, the toggle pin technique using monofilament nylon suture could effectively treat coxofemoral luxations in dogs.

Keywords

• dog
• luxation
• suture material
• toggle pin

Köpeklerin travmatik koksofemoral luksasyonlarının toggle pin tekniği ile tedavisinin değerlendirilmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışma, travmatik koksofemoral luksasyon tanısı konulan 11 köpekte gerçekleştirilmiştir. Olgulardaki luksasyonların yönü, operasyon detayları, operasyon sonrası oluşan komplikasyonlar ve radyografik görüntüleri kaydedildi. Çalışmada açık redüksiyon tekniklerinden birisi olan toggle pin tekniği kullanıldı. Olgulardan 3 tanesinde kullanıma hazır halde satılan toggle pin ve multifilament örgülü polyester, 8 hayvanda ise kirschner telinden yapılmış toggle pinler ile monofilament nylon sutur materyali kullanıldı. Olguların postoperatif topallık skorlaması, komplikasyonlar, ağrı ve enfeksiyon yönünden klinik ve radyografik takibi yapıldı. Monofilament örgülü polyester sutur materyali kullanılan iki olguda postoperatif reluksasyon görülürken, diğer olgularda herhangi bir komplikasyona rastlanmadı. Reluksasyon görülmeyen olgularda hayvanların postoperatif 1. günde ekstremitesini rahatlıkla kullandığı dikkat çekti ve postoperatif 7. gündeki topallık skorları 0 olarak belirlendi. Elde edilen bulgular sonucunda köpeklerin travmatik koksofemoral luksasyonlarında monofilament nylon sutur kullanılarak uygulanan toggle pin tekniğinin oldukça etkili olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

• köpek
• luksasyon
• sütur materyal
• toggle pin

References

1. Ash K, Rosselli D, Danielski A, Farrell M, Hamilton M, Fitzpatrick N, 2011: Correction of craniodorsal coxofemoral luxation in cats and small breed dogs using a modified Knowles technique with the braided polyblend TightRopeTM systems. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol, 25(1), 54–60.
2. Basher AWP, Walter MC, Newton CD, 1986: Traumatic coxofemoral luxation in the dog and cat. Vet Surg, 15, 356-62.
3. Bone DL, Walker M, Cantwell HD, 1984: Traumatic coxofemoral luxations in dogs: Results of repair. Vet Surg, 13, 263.
4. Cetinkaya MA, Olcay B, 2011: Köpek ve kedilerde koksofemoral eklem luksasyonlarının sağaltımında monofilament naylon dikiş materyali ile toggle pin uygulamaları ve klinik değerlendirmeleri üzerine çalışmalar. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 58(3), 167-174.
5. Demko J, Sidaway B, Thieman K, Fox DB, Royle CR, McLaughlin RM, 2006: Toggle rod stabilization for treatment of hip joint luxation in dogs: 62 cases (2000–2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc, 229(6), 984–989.
6. Evans HE, 1993: Miller's anatomy of the dog. 3rd ed. Saunders: Philadelphia.
7. Flynn MF, Edmiston DN, Roe SC, Richardson DC, DeYoung DJ, Abrams Jr CF, 1994: Biomechanical evaluation ofa toggle pin technique for management of coxofemoral luxation. Vet Surg, 23(5): 311–321.
8. Harari J, Smith CW, Rauch LS, 1984: Caudoventral hip luxation in two dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 185, 312.

9. Hõim R, Andrianov V, Lenzner A, 2005: Use Of The Modıfıed Toggle Pın Technıque For Management Of Coxofemoral Luxation In Dogs: A Revıew Of Literature And A Report Of Two Cases 14(4): pp: 203-208.
10. Holsworth IG, DeCamp CE (2003). Coxofemoral luxation. Textbook of small animal surgery. Slatter D (Ed) 3, 2002, Saunders: Philadelphia.
11. Kieves NR, Lotsikas PJ, Schulz KS, Canapp SO, 2014: Hip Toggle Stabilization Using the TightRope System in 17 Dogs: Technique and Long‐Term Outcome. Vet Surg, 43(5):515-22.
12. Martini FM, Simonazzi B, Del Bue M, 2001: Extra-articular absorbable suture stabilization of coxofemoral luxation in dogs. Vet Surg, 30(5), 468–75.
13. Mathews ME, Barnhart ME, 2021: Risk factors for reluxation after toggle rod stabilization for treatment of coxofemoral luxation in 128 dogs. Vet Surg, 50(1):142-149.
14. Ramirez J, Barthelemy N, Noel S, Claeys S, Etchepareborde S, Farnir F, Balligand M, 2015: Complications and outcome of new modified Maquet technique for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament rupture in 82 dogs. Vet Comp. Orthop Traumatol, 28(5), 339-46.
15. Rochereau P, Bernard A, 2012: Stabilization of coxo‐femoral luxation uing tenodesis of the deep gluteal muscle. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol, 25(1), 49–53.
16. Scott HM, McLaughlin RM, 2007: Coxofemoral joint. In: Feline Orthopedics. London: Manson Publishing,184–191.
17. Schrader SC. Orthopedic surgery. Sherding RG. The cat—Diseases and clinical management. Ed 2. Churchill Livingstone: New York; 1994:1649.
18. Smith WS, Coleman CR, Olix ML, Slager R, 1963: Etiology of congenital dislocation of the hip: An experimental approach to the problem using young dogs. J Bone Jt Surg Am, 45, 491.
19. Spranklin D, Elder S, Boyle C, McLaughlin R, 2006: Comparison of a Suture Anchor and a Toggle Rod for Use in Toggle Pin Fixation of Coxofemoral Luxations. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc, 42(2), 121-126.
20. Trostel CT, Fox DB, 2020: Coxofemoral Joint Luxation in Dogs Treated with Toggle Rod Stabilization: A Multi-Instutional Retrospective Review with Client Survey. L Am Anim Hosp Assoc, 56(2), 83-91.
21. Venzin C, Montavon PM, 2007: Augmentation of the transverse acetabular ligament in canine caudoventral hip luxation. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol, 20(4), 320–323.
22. Wardlaw JL,Mclaughlin RM, 2018: Toggle rod stabilization. In: Johnston SA, Tobias KM, eds. Veterinary Surgery Small Animal. Vol. 1. 2nd ed. St Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Inc.; 962–963.