Perakende Tavuk Karkaslarından Sefotaksim ve Siprofloksasin Eş Dirençli Escherichia coli İzolasyonu ve Karakterizasyonu

Abstract

Antimikrobiyal dirençli bakterilerin gıda zinciri yoluyla insanlara bulaşması halk sağlığı açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada Hatay'da satışa sunulan perakende tavuk eti örneklerinde sefotaksim ve siprofloksasine dirençli Escherichia coli'nin izolasyonu ve karakterizasyonu amaçlandı. İzolatlar filogenetik grup tiplendirmesine ve antimikrobiyal duyarlılık testlerine tabi tutuldu. Ayrıca izolatlar arasındaki genetik yakınlığı belirlemek için Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polimeraz Zincir Reaksiyonu (ERIC-PZR) tekniği kullanıldı. Plazmit aracılı kinolon direnci (PMQR) ile diğer direnç genleri PCR ile araştırıldı. Perakende tavuk karkaslarının %42.3'ünden (22/52) farklı genotipe sahip sefotaksim ve siprofloksasine dirençli E. coli izole edildi. İzolatlar arasında dominant filogenetik grup D2 (%40.9, 9/22) olup; bunu sırasıyla B1 (%27.3, 6/22), B23 (%18.2, 4/22) ve A1 (%13.6, 3/22) filogrupları izledi. Dendrogram analizine dayalı olarak, ERIC-PCR yöntemi izolatları 10 kümeye (I-X) ayırdı. İzolatların %81.8'inde (18/22) çoklu ilaç direnci (MDR) belirlendi. PMQR genleri izolatların hiçbirinde tespit edilmezken, diğer sınıftan antimikrobiyallere dirence aracılık eden çok sayıda gen saptandı. İzolatlarda β-laktamaz sentezinden sorumlu genlerin tek veya kombine olarak bulunduğu görüldü: blaCTX-M-blaTEM (n=5), blaCMY-2 (n=5), blaCTX-M (n=5), blaCMY-2-blaSHV (n=3), blaCMY-2-blaTEM (n=3), and blaCTX-M-blaCMY-2 (n=1). Bu çalışma, perakende tavuk etinin, sefotaksim ve siprofloksasine dirençli E. coli izolatları için önemli bir rezervuar olduğunu göstermiştir. Toplum ve hastane enfeksiyonlarına katkılarının değerlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Keywords

• Antimikrobiyal direnç
• ERIC-PCR
• Escherichia coli
• Filogenetik tiplendirme
• Tavuk karkas

Isolation and Characterization of Cefotaxime and Ciprofloxacin Co-Resistant Escherichia coli in Retail Chicken Carcasses

Abstract

Transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to humans through the food chain is of great importance for public health. In this study, it was aimed to isolate and characterize the cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli in retail chicken meat samples sold in Hatay. The isolates were subjected to phylogenetic group typing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The genetic relatedness of the isolates was determined using Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR) technique. The isolates were also screened for the presence of both antimicrobial and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes by PCR. Cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin co-resistant E. coli isolates with diverse genetic origins were recovered in 42.3% (22/52) of retail chicken carcasses. The E. coli isolates belonged to the phylogenetic group D2 were dominant (40.9%, 9/22), followed by B1 (27.3%, 6/22), B23 (18.2%, 4/22), and A1 (13.6%, 3/22), respectively. Based on dendrogram analysis, the ERIC-PCR method differentiated the isolates into 10 clusters (I-X). The multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in 81.8% (18/22) of the isolates. PMQR determinants were not identified in any isolates tested. Molecular analysis revealed one or more β-lactamase-encoding genes in all isolates as a single or in combination: blaCTX-M-blaTEM (n=5), blaCMY-2 (n=5), blaCTX-M (n=5), blaCMY-2-blaSHV (n=3), blaCMY-2-blaTEM (n=3), and blaCTX-M-blaCMY-2 (n=1). This study highlights that retail chicken meat is an important reservoir of cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin co-resistant E. coli isolates. It is necessary to evaluate their contribution to the community and hospital infections.

Keywords

• Antimicrobial resistance
• Chicken carcasses
• ERIC-PCR
• Escherichia coli
• Phylogenetic typing

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