Effect of Propolis Applied to Goat Kids at Weaning Period on Heat Shock Protein Genes

Abstract

In recent years, studies on the use of natural and organic additives have gained importance in goat breeding in order to prevent offspring losses and to encourage their growth and development by limiting the use of antibiotics. Especially the weaning period is a stressful period for kids and negative effects such as weight loss, increased susceptibility to viral and bacterial infections may be observed as a result of decreased nutrient intake and utilisation during this period. Considering these disadvantages that occur during the weaning period, it was thought that propolis would increase the potential to protect the health and welfare of kids during the weaning period due to its immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, we aimed to examine the expression levels of HSP27, HSP60, and HSP70 molecular chaperones that modulate the cellular stress response, which partially express the effects of propolis on weaning stress. Saanen kids were divided into propolis treated (n=10) and control (no propolis treatment; n=10) groups. The propolis-treated group received 0.4 cc propolis once a day for two weeks after weaning. Expression levels were calculated by 2-ΔΔCt using the Pfaffl method and statistical significance levels were determined by Student t test. Blood samples were taken on the day of weaning and the following day to determine the effect of weaning stress on HSP27, HSP60, and HSP70 expression levels. The effect of propolis on weaning stress was examined in samples taken after two weeks of propolis treatment. The expression levels of HSP27 and HSP60 increased by approximately 2-fold during weaning stress, while HSP70 increased by 3.35-fold. When 0.4 cc propolis was applied to kids under weaning stress, a statistically significant downregulation of HSP27 level 1.08-fold, HSP60 level 1.56-fold, and HSP70 level 2.12-fold was obtained at the end of 2 weeks compared to the control group. Our study showed that propolis treatment decreased stress protein levels during weaning stress.

Keywords

• Goat kid
• propolis
• weaning stress.
• Heat shock proteins

Sütten Kesim Dönemindeki Oğlaklara Uygulanan Propolisin Isı Şok Protein Genlerine Etkisi

Abstract

Son yıllarda keçi yetiştiriciliğinde, yavru kayıplarını önlemek ve antibiyotik kullanımını sınırlandırarak büyüme ve gelişmelerini teşvik etmek amacıyla doğal ve organik katkı maddeleri kullanımına yönelik çalışmalar önem kazanmıştır. Özellikle sütten kesme dönemi oğlaklar için stresli bir dönem olup, bu süreçte besin alımının ve yararlanımının azalması sonucu kilo kaybı, viral ve bakteriyel enfeksiyonlara karşı artan duyarlılık gibi olumsuz etkiler gözlemlenebilir. Sütten kesim döneminde ortaya çıkan bu dezavantajlar düşünüldüğünde propolisin immünmodülatör, antioksidan ve antiinflamatuvar etkilerinden dolayı sütten kesim döneminde oğlakların sağlığını koruma ve refahını arttıracağı düşünülmüştür. Bu nedenle çalışmada propolisin sütten kesme stresi üzerindeki etkilerini kısmen ifade eden, hücresel stres tepkisini modüle eden HSP27, HSP60 ve HSP70 moleküler şaperonların ekspresyon seviyelerini incelemeyi amaçladık. Saanen oğlakları propolis uygulanan (n=10) ve kontrol (propolis uygulanmayan; n=10) gruplarına ayrıldı. Propolis uygulanan gruba sütten kesildikten sonra 2 hafta boyunca günde bir kez 0,4 cc propolis verildi. Ekspresyon seviyeleri Pfaffl yöntemi kullanılarak 2-ΔΔCt ile hesaplandı ve student t testi ile istatistiksel önem düzeyleri belirlendi. Sütten kesme stresinin HSP27, HSP60 ve HSP70 ekspresyon seviyeleri üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek için sütten kesim günü ve ertesi gün kan örnekleri alındı. Propolisin sütten kesme stresi üzerindeki etkisi, 2 haftalık propolis uygulamasından sonra alınan örneklerde incelendi. Oğlaklarda sütten kesme stresi sırasında HSP27 ve HSP60’in ekspresyon seviyeleri yaklaşık 2 kat artarken, HSP70 3,35 kat artmıştır. Sütten kesme stresi altındaki oğlaklara 0,4 cc propolis uygulandığında 2 haftanın sonunda kontrol grubuna göre HSP27 seviyesinde 1,08 kat, HSP60 seviyesinde 1,56 kat, HSP70 seviyesinde ise 2,12 kat istatistiksel olarak anlamlı downregülasyon elde edildi. Çalışmamız propolis uygulamasının sütten kesme stresi sırasında stres protein düzeylerini azalttığını gösterdi.

Keywords

• sütten kesim stresi
• propolis
• Isı şok proteinler
• Oğlak

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