Süt Sığırı Çiftliklerinde Rasyon Yağ Asitleri ile Süt Üre Azotu ve Fertilite Sorunları Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 201 - 208, 30.12.2022

Osman Semih Çavdar , Kanber Kara

https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.1120644

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, süt sığırı işletmelerinde postpartum dönemde rasyonun besinsel değişkenleri ile döl verimi arasındaki ilişkiyi göstermekti. Çalışmada kullanılan süt sığırı işletmelerinin hepsinde infertilite sorunu (buzağılama aralığı ≥14 ay ve suni tohumlama sayısı ≥1.8) vardı. Seçilen süt sığırı işletmelerinde rasyon ve süt örnekleri alındı. Sürü kayıt sistemlerinden fertilite kayıtları incelendi. Çalışmada, süt örneklerinin süt üre nitrojeni (MUN) seviyeleri işletmeler arasında değişkenlik göstermekle birlikte; 7.37 ve 32.92 mg/dL arasındaydı (P<0.001). Suni tohumlama sayısı, total miks rasyonun (TMR) tekli doymamış yağ asiti (MUFA) konsantrasyonu ile negatif korelasyon gösterdi (r=-0.502; P<0.01). Laktasyon başlangıcında infertilite sorunu rasyonların ortalama yağ asidi konsantrasyonları w-6 yağ asitlerinin %31.09'u, w-3 yağ asitlerinin %1.99'u ve w-9 yağ asitlerinin %2.95'i idi. Sütün MUN konsantrasyonu, uzun zincirli yağ asitleri (LCFA) ve TMR'nin linoleik asit konsantrasyonları ile negatif korelasyon gösterdi (P<0.05). Sonuç olarak, süt sığırlarında fertilite ile ilişkili olabilecek kolay çözünür karbonhidrat, ham protein, oleik asit, w-3 ve w-6 yağ asitleri ile enerji seviyesinin iyi ayarlanması gerektiği sonucuna varılabilir. Hedeflenen süt üretimi ve doğurganlığın, genetik kapasitenin izin verdiği ölçüde besinlerle beslenerek sağlanabileceği sonucuna varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Enerji, fertilite, süt sığırı, süt üre azotu, yem tüketimi, yağ asitleri

Destekleyen Kurum

Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Proje Numarası

TYL-2018-8020

Teşekkür

Bu çalışmanın gerçekleştirilmesindeki maddi desteği için Erciyes Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi'ne (TYL-2018-8020) teşekkür ederiz.

Investigation of Relationship among Dietary Fatty Acids and Milk Urea Nitrogen and Fertility Problems in Dairy Cattle Farms

Öz

This aim of this study demonstrated the relationship between the nutritional variables of ration and the fertility parameters in the postpartum period in dairy cattle farms. All dairy cattle farms, which used in present study, were with fertility problems (calving range ≥14 months and artificial insemination number ≥1.8). Ration and milk samples were taken from selected dairy cattle farms. Fertility records from herd registration systems were examined. In the study, milk urea nitrogen (MUN) levels of the milk samples were different between the farms; the lowest was 7.37 mg/dL, and the highest was 32.92 mg/dL (P<0.001). The artificial insemination number was negatively correlated with the monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) concentration of total mix ration (TMR) (r=-0.502; P<0.01). The average fatty acid concentrations of the rations at the beginning of lactation were 31.09% of w-6 fatty acids, 1.99% of w-3 fatty acids, and 2.95% of w-9 fatty acids. The MUN concentration of milk was negatively correlated with long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) and linoleic acid concentrations of TMR (P<0.05). As a result, it can be concluded that the energy level should be well adjusted with easily soluble carbohydrate, crude protein, oleic acid, w-3 and w-6 fatty acids, which may be related to fertility in dairy cattle. It was concluded that the target milk production and fertility could be achieved by feeding nutrients to the extent permitted by genetic capacity.

Anahtar Kelimeler

dairy cattle, energy, fertilite, feed intake, fatty acids, milk urea nitrogen

Proje Numarası

TYL-2018-8020

Kaynakça

• A.O.A.C. Official Methods of Analysis (15th ed.). Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Arlington, VA. 1995.
• Aardema H., Vos P.L., Lolicato F., Roelen B.A.J., Knijn H.M., Vaandrager A.B., Helms J.B., Gadella B.M., 2011. Oleic acid prevents detrimental effects of saturated fatty acids on bovine oocyte developmental competence. Biol. Reprod. 85, 62-69.
• Adewuyi A., Gruys E., Van-Eerdenburg F., 2005. Non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) in dairy cattle. Vet. Quart. 27, 117-126.
• Alderman G., Blake J.S., France J., Kebreab E., 2001. A critique of the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System with emphasis on dairy cattle. 2. The post-rumen digestion model. J. Anim. Feed Sci. 10, 203-221.
• Aydın I., 2007. Effect of blood urea nitrogen level on fertility in cattle. J. Fac. Vet. Med. Erciyes Univ. 4, 49-56.
• Aydın I., Güler M., 2004. Investigation of the effect of blood urea nitrogen level on pregnancy rate in cattle. Vet. Bil. Derg. 20, 85-94.
• Balthrop J., Brand B., Cowie R.A., Danier J., De Boever J., De Jonge L., Jackson F., Makkar H.P.S., Piotrowski C., 2011. Quality Assurance for Animal Feed Analysis Laboratories. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
• Bossaert P., De Cock H., Leroy J.L.M.R., De Campeneere S., Bols P.E.J., Filliers M., Opsomer G., 2010. Immunohistochemically visualization of insulin receptors in formalin-fixed bovine ovaries post mortem and in granulosa cells collected in vivo. Theriogenology 73, 1210-1219.
• Choi B.R., Palmquist D.L., 1996. High fat diets increase plasma cholecystokinin and pancreatic polypeptide, and decrease plasma insulin and feed intake in lactating cows. J. Nutr. 126, 2913-2919.
• Chong E.W.T., Sinclair A.J., Guymer R.H., 2006. Facts on fats. Clin. Experiment. Ophtalmol. 34, 464-471.
• Donker J.D., 1989. Improved energy prediction equations for dairy cattle rations. J. Dairy Sci. 72, 2942-2948.
• Elrod C.C., Butler W.R., 1993. Reduction of fertility and alteration of uterine pH in heifers fed excess ruminal degradable protein. J. Anim. Sci. 71, 694-701.
• Elrod C.C., Van Amburgh M., Butler W.R., 1993. Alterations of pH in response to increased dietary protein in cattle are unique to the uterus. J. Anim. Sci. 71, 702-706.
• Griswold K.E., Hoover W.H., Miller T.K., Thayne W.V., 1996. Effect of form of nitrogen on growth of ruminal microbes in continuous culture. J. Anim. Sci., 74, 483-491.
• Kara K (2020): Milk urea nitrogen and milk fatty acid compositions in dairy cows with subacute ruminal acidosis. Vet Med-Czech 65, 336–345.
• Lopez H., Caraviello D., Satter L., Fricke P., Wiltbank M., 2005. Relationship between level of milk production and multiple ovulations in lactating dairy cows. J. Dairy Sci. 88, 2783-2793.
• McCormick M.E., French D.D., Brown T.F., Cuomo G.J., Chapa A.M., 1999. Crude protein and rumen undegradable protein effects on reproduction and lactation performance of Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 82, 2697-2708
• N.R.C. 2001. National Research Council, Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th ed.: National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
• Opara E.C., Garfinkel M., Hubbard V., Burch W.M., Akwari O.E., 1994. Effect of fatty acids on insulin release: role of chain length and degree of unsaturation. Am. J. Physiol. Endoc. Metabol. 266, 635-639.
• Otto J.R., Freeman M.J., Malau-Aduli B.S., Nichols P.D., Lane P.A., Malau-Aduli A.E.O., 2014. Reproduction and fertility parameters of dairy cows supplemented with n-3 fatty acid-rich canola oil. Annual Res. Rev. Biol. 4, 1611-1636.
• Roseler D.K., Ferguson J.D., Sniffen C.J., Herrema J., 1993. Dietary protein degradability effects on plasma and milk urea nitrogen and milk nonprotein nitrogen in Holstein cows. J. Dairy Sci. 76, 525-534.
• Roy B., Brahma B., Ghosh S., Pankaj P.K., Madal G., 2011. Evaluation of milk urea concertation as useful indicator for dairy herd management: a review. Asian J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 6, 1-19.
• Russell J.B., O’Connor J.D., Fox D.G., Van Soest P.J., Sniffen C.J., 1992. A Net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: I. Ruminal fermentation. J. Anim. Sci. 70, 3551-3561.
• Schillo K.K., 1992. Effects of dietary energy on control of luteinizing hormone secretion in cattle and sheep. J. Anim. Sci. 70, 1271-1282.
• Tamminga S., Luteijn P.A., Meijer R.G.M. 1997. Changes in composition and energy content of live weight loss in dairy cows with time after parturition. Livest. Prod. Sci. 52, 31-38.
• Van-Soest P.J., Robertson J.B., Lewis B.A., 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non- starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597.