Araştırma Makalesi
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AB’nin Türk Göç ve İltica Politikalarına Etkisi

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 24 - 49, 01.01.2013

Öz

Bazı özellikleri yoğun global rekabet ve finansal sorunlar nedeniyle aşınmış da olsa refah devletleri
vatandaşlarına hala gelişmemiş dünyanın insanları için hayal dahi edilemeyecek fırsatlar sunuyor. Böylelikle
gelişmemiş ülkelerdeki insanlar böyle bir sistemin parçası olmayı ve faydalanabildikleri kadar bu sistemden
faydalanmayı hayal ediyorlar. Ancak refah sistemleri çoğunlukla kendi kendilerine yetmek üzere tasarlanmışlar,
dışarıdan gelenler için çok az yere sahiptirler ve büyük bütçelerle desteklenmişlerdir ki bunlar da ağırlıklı olarak
vatandaşlardan kesilen vergilere dayanırlar. Vatandaşlar da bu durumu kendilerinin sistemden yararlanacağı
beklentisi ile tolere ederler sisteme hiçbir katkısı olmamış ve muhtemelen hiçbir zaman da olmayacak
yabancıları desteklemek için değil. Bu yüzden Avrupa hükümetleri illegal göçleri veya bir başka deyişle, refah
devletlerine sızmaları engelleyecek yollar aramaktadırlar. Türkiye illegal göç rotasının ortasındadır ve
dolayısıyla bu sorunun çözümünde önemli bir aktör olarak görünmektedir. Ancak, Türkiye ve AB’nin illegal göç
ve iltica mevzuatında dikkate değer bir tutarsızlık bulunmakta ve AB Türkiye’ye mevzuat değişikliği ve yapılan
değişikliklerin hemen uygulanarak en azından Türkiye üzerinden geçen illegal göç akımında bir azalma
gerçekleşmesi yönünde baskı yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmada her iki tarafın mevzuatı arasındaki tutarsızlıklar ve
Türkiye’nin illegal göç ve iltica ile ilgili politikasındaki yasal değişiklikler incelenecektir. Bu araştırmanın
yöntemi ise, Avrupa Birliği dokümanlarının ilgili bölümlerini incelemek (ilerleme raporları, katılım ortaklığı
belgeleri, ulusal raporlar) ve Türk ve AB mevzuatını karşılaştırıp Türk mevzuatında AB etkisiyle yapılan
değişiklikleri tespit etmek olacaktır. 

Kaynakça

  • Adamson, F. B. (2006). Crossing Borders: International Migration and National Security, International Security 31(1), 165-199.
  • Bailey, K.D. (1982). Methods of social research (2nd ed.). New York: The Free Pres.
  • BFBA (Bureau for Foreigners, Borders, and Asylum) at the Directorate of General Security of the Ministry of Interior. 2001. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Yasadısı Göç (Illegal Migration around the World and in Turkey). Ankara: Bureau for Foreigners, Borders and Asylum.
  • Bigo, D. and Guild, E. (2005). Policing at a Distance: Schengen Visa Policies, In Didier Bigo and Elspeth Guild (eds.), Controlling Frontiers: Free Movement Into and Within Europe. Aldershot, Ashgate Publishing, 233-263.
  • Bigo, D.( 2009). Immigration Controls and Free Movement in Europe, International Review of the Red Cross, 91 (875), 579-591.
  • Boswell, C. (2007). Migration Control in Europe After 9/11: Explaining the Absence of Securitization, Journal of Common Market Studies 45 (3), 589-610.
  • Çiçekli, B. (2004). Impact of Turkish-EU Accession Process on the Development of Turkish Immigration Law, Journal of Turkish Weekly, November 06.
  • Dearden, Stephen J. H. (2004). Immigration Policy in the EC. European Development Policy Study Group Discussion Paper 4.
  • Hammerstad, A. (2000). Whose Security?: UNHCR, Refugee Protection and State Security After the Cold War, Security Dialogue 31 (4), 391-403.
  • Huysmans, J. (2000). The European Union and the Securitization of Migration, Journal of Common Market Studies 38 (5), 751-777.
  • International Organization for Migration (IOM). (2005). World Migration 2005. Geneva: International Organization for Migration.
  • İçduygu, A. and Keyman, E. F. (2000). Globalization, Security and Migration: The Case of Turkey, Global Governance, July-Sept, 3 (6).
  • İçduygu, A. (2003). Irregular Migration in Turkey, International Organization for Migration, No. 12, February.
  • İçduygu, A. (2002). International Migration and Turkey, Continuous Reporting System on Migration (SOPEMI) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
  • Kaya, I. (2009). Reform in Turkish Asylum Law: Adopting the EU Acquis, CARIM Research Reports, 2009/16.
  • Kirisçi, K. (2000). Zorunlu Göç ve Türkiye (Forced Migration and Turkey) in Sıgınmacı, Mülteci ve Göç Kanunlarına İliskin Türkiye’deki Yargı Kararları (Legal Judgments in Turkey Regarding Asylum Seeker, Refugee and Migration Laws), , BMMYK and BÜVAK Publication.
  • Kirişçi, K. (2007). Border Management and EU-Turkish Relations: Coverngence or Deadlock, CARIM Research Report, 2007/03.
  • Monar, J. (2001). The Dynamics of Justice and Home Affairs: Laboratories, Driving Factors and Costs,”Journal of Common Market Studies 39 (4), 747-764.
  • Peers, S. (2000). EU law on Asylum Procedures: An Assault on Human Rights?, Statewatch Publication. Schengen Agreement (1985). Schengen, 14.06.1985
  • TGNA (1934), Law on Settlement (İskan Kanunu), Law No. 2510, 14.06.1934.
  • TGNA (1950). Citizenship Law (Vatandaşlık Kanunu), Law no.5687, 15.07.1950.
  • TGNA (1950). Law on Sojourn and Movements of Aliens in Turkey (Yabancıların Türkiye‟de İkamet ve Seyehatleri Hakkında Kanun), Law No.5683, 15.07.1950.
  • TGNA 1950. Passport Law (Pasaport Kanunu), Law No.5682, 15.07.1950.
  • Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, Official Journal C 306 of 17 December 2007.
  • Tsoukala, A. (2005). Looking at Migrants as Enemies. In Elspeth Guild and Didier Bigo (eds.), Controlling Frontiers: Free Movement into and within Europe. Aldershot, Ashgate Publishing, 161-190.
  • Turkish Republic Ministry of Interior (2005). National Action Plan for Asylum and Immigration, General Directorate of Security, 17.01.2005, No.B.05.1.EGM.013.03.02.
  • United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division Trends in International Immigrant Stock: The 2008 Revision, Available at http://esa.un.org/migration/p2k0data.asp.
  • UPSAM, (2009). Türk Sığınma Politikasının Avrupa Birliğine Harmonizasyonu, Zorluklar ve Olası Gelişmeler‟, available at http://www.upsam.org.tr/tr2.html.
  • Weiner, M. (1995). The Global Migration Crisis. New York, HarperCollins College Publishers.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, 6.Baskı, Ankara: Seçkin Kitapevi.

The Impact of the EU on Turkish Asylum and Immigration Policy

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 24 - 49, 01.01.2013

Öz

Although some features of welfare states are eroded away under the pressure of intense global competition and
financial difficulties, they still give opportunities to their citizens which even cannot be dreamt of by people of
undeveloped world. Thus, numerous people in undeveloped countries are dreaming of being a part of such a
system and exploiting them as much as they can. However, the welfare systems are usually self-sufficient and
there is either very little or no room for outsiders who may harm the order. The system is supported by huge
budgets which are based largely on taxes of the citizens and the citizens tolerate this in expectation of benefiting
from the system not helping the foreigners who had never paid and most probably will never pay for the system.
Therefore, the European governments seek to prevent illegal immigration, in other words, the infiltration to their
welfare states. Turkey is in the middle of the routes of illegal immigration and thus seemed as a key actor in
solving the problem. However, there has been a considerable inconsistency between Turkish and European
legislation on this issue and the EU forces Turkey to make change in its legislation and implement them
immediately at least for reducing the immigration flow passing through Turkey. In this paper the inconsistency
between the legislations of both parties and the legislative change in Turkish Illegal Immigration and Asylum
policy will be examined. The method of this research will be assessing the relevant parts of the EU documents,
i.e. progress reports, national programs and Accession Partnerships, and comparing the legislative documents of
the EU and Turkey on Illegal Immigration and Asylum and thus determine the alteration in Turkish legislation
under the influence of the EU. 

Kaynakça

  • Adamson, F. B. (2006). Crossing Borders: International Migration and National Security, International Security 31(1), 165-199.
  • Bailey, K.D. (1982). Methods of social research (2nd ed.). New York: The Free Pres.
  • BFBA (Bureau for Foreigners, Borders, and Asylum) at the Directorate of General Security of the Ministry of Interior. 2001. Dünyada ve Türkiye’de Yasadısı Göç (Illegal Migration around the World and in Turkey). Ankara: Bureau for Foreigners, Borders and Asylum.
  • Bigo, D. and Guild, E. (2005). Policing at a Distance: Schengen Visa Policies, In Didier Bigo and Elspeth Guild (eds.), Controlling Frontiers: Free Movement Into and Within Europe. Aldershot, Ashgate Publishing, 233-263.
  • Bigo, D.( 2009). Immigration Controls and Free Movement in Europe, International Review of the Red Cross, 91 (875), 579-591.
  • Boswell, C. (2007). Migration Control in Europe After 9/11: Explaining the Absence of Securitization, Journal of Common Market Studies 45 (3), 589-610.
  • Çiçekli, B. (2004). Impact of Turkish-EU Accession Process on the Development of Turkish Immigration Law, Journal of Turkish Weekly, November 06.
  • Dearden, Stephen J. H. (2004). Immigration Policy in the EC. European Development Policy Study Group Discussion Paper 4.
  • Hammerstad, A. (2000). Whose Security?: UNHCR, Refugee Protection and State Security After the Cold War, Security Dialogue 31 (4), 391-403.
  • Huysmans, J. (2000). The European Union and the Securitization of Migration, Journal of Common Market Studies 38 (5), 751-777.
  • International Organization for Migration (IOM). (2005). World Migration 2005. Geneva: International Organization for Migration.
  • İçduygu, A. and Keyman, E. F. (2000). Globalization, Security and Migration: The Case of Turkey, Global Governance, July-Sept, 3 (6).
  • İçduygu, A. (2003). Irregular Migration in Turkey, International Organization for Migration, No. 12, February.
  • İçduygu, A. (2002). International Migration and Turkey, Continuous Reporting System on Migration (SOPEMI) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).
  • Kaya, I. (2009). Reform in Turkish Asylum Law: Adopting the EU Acquis, CARIM Research Reports, 2009/16.
  • Kirisçi, K. (2000). Zorunlu Göç ve Türkiye (Forced Migration and Turkey) in Sıgınmacı, Mülteci ve Göç Kanunlarına İliskin Türkiye’deki Yargı Kararları (Legal Judgments in Turkey Regarding Asylum Seeker, Refugee and Migration Laws), , BMMYK and BÜVAK Publication.
  • Kirişçi, K. (2007). Border Management and EU-Turkish Relations: Coverngence or Deadlock, CARIM Research Report, 2007/03.
  • Monar, J. (2001). The Dynamics of Justice and Home Affairs: Laboratories, Driving Factors and Costs,”Journal of Common Market Studies 39 (4), 747-764.
  • Peers, S. (2000). EU law on Asylum Procedures: An Assault on Human Rights?, Statewatch Publication. Schengen Agreement (1985). Schengen, 14.06.1985
  • TGNA (1934), Law on Settlement (İskan Kanunu), Law No. 2510, 14.06.1934.
  • TGNA (1950). Citizenship Law (Vatandaşlık Kanunu), Law no.5687, 15.07.1950.
  • TGNA (1950). Law on Sojourn and Movements of Aliens in Turkey (Yabancıların Türkiye‟de İkamet ve Seyehatleri Hakkında Kanun), Law No.5683, 15.07.1950.
  • TGNA 1950. Passport Law (Pasaport Kanunu), Law No.5682, 15.07.1950.
  • Treaty of Lisbon amending the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community, Official Journal C 306 of 17 December 2007.
  • Tsoukala, A. (2005). Looking at Migrants as Enemies. In Elspeth Guild and Didier Bigo (eds.), Controlling Frontiers: Free Movement into and within Europe. Aldershot, Ashgate Publishing, 161-190.
  • Turkish Republic Ministry of Interior (2005). National Action Plan for Asylum and Immigration, General Directorate of Security, 17.01.2005, No.B.05.1.EGM.013.03.02.
  • United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division Trends in International Immigrant Stock: The 2008 Revision, Available at http://esa.un.org/migration/p2k0data.asp.
  • UPSAM, (2009). Türk Sığınma Politikasının Avrupa Birliğine Harmonizasyonu, Zorluklar ve Olası Gelişmeler‟, available at http://www.upsam.org.tr/tr2.html.
  • Weiner, M. (1995). The Global Migration Crisis. New York, HarperCollins College Publishers.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2008). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, 6.Baskı, Ankara: Seçkin Kitapevi.
Toplam 30 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hakan Cavlak

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ocak 2013
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Cavlak, H. (2013). The Impact of the EU on Turkish Asylum and Immigration Policy. International Anatolia Academic Online Journal Social Sciences Journal, 1(1), 24-49.



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