AB'NİN YÖNETİŞİMİNİ İHRAÇ ETME GİRİŞİMİ OLARAK AVRUPA KOMŞULUK POLİTİKASI

Öz

AB ve komşuları arasındaki ilişkiler 2004 genişlemesiyle birlikte çok önemli hale gelmiştir. Bu sebeple genişleyen AB, komşularıyla siyasi, ekonomik, kültürel ve güvenlik iş birliğini derinleştirmek için Avrupa Komşuluk politikasını (AKP) geliştirmiştir. Bu derinleşmeyi gerçekleştirmeye hazır olan komşu ülkeler için ekonomik entegrasyon da hedeflenmiştir. AKP’nin bir başka amacı da AB ile komşuları arasındaki sınırların oluşmasını önlemek ve bu bölgelerde istikrarı sağlamaktır. AB, bugün barışın, istikrarın ve refahın kaynağı konumuyla dünya çapında örnek olduğunu iddia etmektedir. Dolayısıyla, AB, modelinin işe yaradığını iddia etmekte ve bu başarılı hikâyesinin devamı için komşularına AKP kapsamında yönetişimini ihraç etmek istemektedir. Bu çalışma, AKP'nin nasıl AB'nin yönetişim ihracat planı olarak geliştirildiğini ve neden bu planı gerçekleştirmede başarısız olduğunu tartışacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası
• Avrupa Yönetişimi
• Norm İhracı
• Avrupalılaşma

EUROPEAN NEIGHBORHOOD POLICY AS AN ATTEMPT TO EXPORT EU GOVERNANCE

Öz

Relations between the EU and its neighbors became very important with the 2004 enlargement. For this reason, the enlarged EU has developed the European Neighborhood Policy (ENP) to deepen its political, economic, cultural and security cooperation with its neighbors. Economic integration is also targeted for neighboring countries that are ready to realize this deepening. Another aim of the ENP is to prevent the formation of borders between the EU and its neighbors and to ensure stability in these regions. Today, the EU claims to be an example worldwide, with its position as the source of peace, stability and prosperity. Therefore, the EU claims that its model works and wants to export its governance under the ENP to its neighbors to continue this successful story. This study will discuss how the ENP was developed as the EU's governance export plan and why it failed to deliver on this plan.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• European Neighbourhood Policy
• European Governance
• Norm Export
• Europeanization

Kaynakça

1. Alieva, L. (2006). EU and the South Caucasus, CAP Discussion Paper, Bertelsmann Stiftung, Berlin.
2. Avrupa Komisyonu (2001). European Governance: A White Paper. COM (2001) 428. Brussels: CEC. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/DOC_01_10. (Erişim Tarihi: 20.12.2021).
3. Avrupa Komisyonu (2011). Joint Communication on a Partnership for Democracy and Shared Prosperity with the Southern Mediterranean. Brussels.
4. Avrupa Komisyonu (2014). Regulation (EU) No 232/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2014 establishing a European Neighbourhood Instrument, Brussels.
5. Avrupa Komisyonu (2015). Review of the European Neighbourhood Policy. https://ec.europa.eu/neighbourhood-enlargement/sites/near/files/neighbourhood/pdf/key-documents/151118_joint-communication_review-of-the-enp_en.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 10.12.2021).
6. Balfour, R., ve Rotta, A. (2005). Beyond Enlargement. The European Neighbourhood Policy and its Tools. The International Spectator, 40(1), 7-20.
7. Bengtson, R. ve Elgström, O. (2012). Conflicting Role Conceptions? The European Union in Global Politics. Foreign Policy Analysis, 8(1), 93–108.
8. Berg E. ve Ehin P. (2006). What Kind of Border Regime is in the Making?: Towards a Differentiated and Uneven Border Strategy. Cooperation and Conflict, 41(1), 53-71.

9. Cadier, D. (2013). Is the European Neighborhood Policy a Substitute for Enlargement?. LSE, London.
10. Chaban, N. ve Vernygora, V. (2013). The EU in the Eyes of Ukrainian General Public: Potential for EU Public Diplomacy?. Baltic Journal of European Studies, 3(2), 68–95.
11. Comelli, M. (2004). The challenges of the European Neighbourhood Policy. The International Spectator. 3(39), 97-110.
12. Delcour, L. ve Tulmets, E. (2008). Pioneer Europe? Testing EU Foreign Policy in the Neighbourhood. Baden-Baden: Nomos.
13. Delcour, L. (2015). The 2015 ENP Review: Beyond Stocktaking, the Need for a Political Strategy. CEPOB, 1.
14. Del. Sarto, R. A., ve Schumacher, T. (2005). From EMP to ENP: What is at Stake with the European Neighbourhood Policy Towards the Southern Mediterranean. European Foreign Affairs Review, 10(10), 17-38.
15. Ergan, E. E. ve Doğan, S. (2019). Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası: Avrupa Birliği’nin Doğu Komşularıyla İlişkileri. Akademik Hassasiyetler, 6(11), 161-188.
16. EUR-Lex (2022). Summaries of EU Legislation: Glossary of summaries. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/summary/glossary/governance.html#:~:text=The%20expression%20'European%20governance'%20designates,closer%20to%20the%20EU%20institutions. (Erişim Tarihi: 05.11.2021).
17. Eroğlu, S. E. ve Bieliauskaitė, J. (2018). A Renewed (2015) European Neighbourhood Policy and Turkey: Scenarios for security dimension. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 9(16) , 1951-1967 . Ganzle, S. (2007). The European Neighborhood Policy (ENP): Extending Governance beyond Borders? Montreal.
18. Hamzaoğlu, H. (2020). Komşuluk Politikası ve Doğu Ortaklığı Programı Çerçevesinde Azerbaycan- Avrupa Birliği İlişkileri. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(21), 504-520.
19. Hollis, R. (2012). No Friend of Democratization: Europe’s Role in the Genesis of the Arab Spring, International Affairs, 88(1), 81–94.
20. Hürsoy, S. ve Kutlu, E. (2018). Yenilenen Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası Perspektifinden Avrupa Birliği’nin Doğu Komşularına Yaklaşımı. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 9(2), 169-189.
21. Kahraman, S. (2005). The European Neighbourhood Policy: The European Union's New Engagement towards wider Europe. Perceptions. Journal of International Affairs, 10(2005), 1-28.
22. Kahraman, S. (2006). The European Neighbourhood Policy: A Critical Assessment. Ankara Review of European Studies, 5(3), 13-46.
23. Kelley, J. (2006). ‘New Wine in Old Wineskins: Promoting Political Reforms Through the New European Neighbourhood Policy’, Journal of Common Market Studies, 44(1), 29–55.
24. Kızılkan, Z. B. (2018). Arap Baharı Sonrası Avrupa Birliği'nin Yeni Komşuluk Politikası. Mukaddime, 9 (2), 79-102.
25. Kostanyan, H. (2015). The Eastern Partnership After Riga: Review and Reconfirm. CEPS Commentary, 29 Mayıs 2015.
26. Landaburu, E. (2006). From Neighbourhood to Integration Policy: Are There Concrete Alternatives to Enlargement?, CEPS Policy Brief, 95, 1–4.
27. Lavenex, S. ve Schimmelfennig, F. (2009). EU Rules Beyond EU Borders: Theorizing External Governance in European Politics, Journal of European Public Policy, 16(6), 791–812.
28. Lavenex, S. (2009). Switzerland’s Flexible Integration in the EU: A Conceptual Framework, Swiss Political Science Review, 15(4), 547–575.
29. Maurer, H. (2007). The European Neighbourhood Policy as a new form of European foreign policy making? https://www.ies.be/files/repo/conference2008/EUinIA_IV_2_Maurer.pdf. (Erişim Tarihi: 05.11.2021).
30. Melyantsou, D. (2015). Renewed EU neighbourhood policy: old methods for stability. http://belinstitute.eu/en/node/2874. (Erişim Tarihi: 12.01.2022).
31. Nas, Ç. (2019). The EU’s Approach to the Syrian Crisis: Turkey as a Partner?. Uluslararası İlişkiler, 16(62), 45-64.
32. Natorski, M. (2016). Epistemic (un) Certainty in Times of Crisis: The Role of Coherence as a Social Convention in the European Neighbourhood Policy After the Arab Spring. European Journal of International Relations, 22(3), 646–670.
33. Neumann I. B. (1996). Self and Other in International Relations. European Journal of International Relations, 2(2), 139-174.
34. Panebianco S. ve Rossi R. (2004). EU attempts to export norms of good governance to the Mediterranean and Western Balkan countries. Jean Monnet Working Papers in Comparative and International Politics, 53.
35. Prodi, R. (2002). A Wider Europe—A Proximity Policy as a Key to Stability, SPEECH/02/619, 5–6 December, htt p:/ /eu rop a.e u/r api d/p res s-r ele ase SP EEC H-0 2- 619 en .htm. (Erişim Tarihi: 11.11.2021).
36. Risse, T. (2004). Social Contructivism and European Integration. Wiener, A. ve Diez, T. (Ed.), European Integration Theory. (ss. 144-162). NY: Oxford University Press.
37. Schimmelfennig, F. (2001). The Community Trap: Liberal Norms, Rhetorical Action and The Eastern Enlargement of the European Union. International Organization, 55(1), 47-80.
38. Schimmelfennig, F. (2012). Europeanization beyond Europe, Living Reviews in European Governance 7(1), 5–31.
39. Silander, D., ve Nilsson, M. (2013). Democratization without enlargement? The European Neighbourhood Policy on post-communist transitions. Contemporary Politics, 19(4), 441-458.
40. Smith, K. (2005). The Outsiders: The European Neighbourhood Policy. International Affairs, 81(4), 757-773.
41. Türkeş-Kılıç, S. (2018). Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası’nda Uluslararası Göçün Güvenlikleştirilmesi. Mukaddime, 9(3), Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası ve Göç Özel Sayısı, 1-20.
42. Usul, A. R. (2008). Avrupa Birliiği'nin Demokrasi Siyasi Şartlığında Çekme-İtme Dengesi ve bu Dengenin Bozulması. Uluslararası İlişkiler Akademik Dergi, 5(3), 105-125.
43. Walace, W. (2003). Looking after the Neighbourhood: Responsibilities for the EU25, Brussels.
44. Yazgan, H. (2021). Brexit’in Avrupa Birliği’nin Genişleme Politikası ve Avrupa Komşuluk Politikası’na Etkileri. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, Brexit, 267-289.