Araştırma Makalesi
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İnformal İletişim Çevresinin Sosyal Uyum Üzerindeki Etkisinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 11, 457 - 474, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.945952

Öz

Türkiye, 2011'den bu yana en yoğun nüfuslu Suriyeli sığınmacılardan birine ev sahipliği yapıyor. Bu nedenle sosyal uyum, sosyal uyum ve sosyal entegrasyon, sosyal bilgilerin en çok tartışılan konuları arasındadır. Çalışmaların çoğu, sosyal uyum konusunda iki toplum arasındaki avantaj ve dezavantajları anlamak için yapılmıştır. Dil, sosyal ve kültürel entegrasyonun önündeki en önemli engeldir. Ancak Suriyeli nüfus sorunlarını anlamaya yönelik en yeni araştırmalardan bazıları, iletişimin Türkiye'de yaşayan Suriyeli sığınmacılar için ikinci zorluk olduğunu gösterdi. Yetkililer, sivil inisiyatifler, Suriyeli sığınmacıların uyum sürecine erişim için stratejik iletişim olanakları planladı. Bunların çoğu, resmi iletişim kaynakları veya kanalları tarafından gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu makale, araştırmacıları göç ve uyum alanındaki iletişim eğilimlerini anlamak için informal iletişimin önemine yönlendirmeyi ve daha fazla başarı sağlamak için informal iletişim katmanını entegre etmeyi düşündürmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışma, 2018-2019 yıllarında gerçekleştirilen nitel bir saha araştırması ile Türkiye'deki Suriyeli sığınmacıların informal iletişim kaynakları ve motivasyonlarını anlamayı hedeflemektedir. Sonuç olarak bulgular, kilit kanaat önderlerinin, çok dilli komşuların ve sosyal medyanın etkin informal iletişim kanalları arasında yer aldığını göstermektedir. Bu makale, enformel iletişimin boşluğu hakkında bir tartışma başlatmayı amaçlamaktadır ve politika yapıcılara iletişimin bu yönü hakkında bir örnek sunarak katkı sağlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, R. (2018). Challenge of migration and culture in a public health communication context. Journal of Public Health Research.7,10.4081/jphr.2018.1508.
  • Alan, H. & Sözen, C.H. (2017). The role of formal and informal social networks in social capital acquisition: an investigation on women board directors. Journal of Business Research Turk, 9(1), 339-361.
  • Armijos, M. T., Phillips, J., Wilkinson, E., Barclay, J., Hicks, A., Palacios, P., Mothes, P., & Stone, J. (2017). Adapting to changes in volcanic behaviour: Formal and informal interactions for enhanced risk management at Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador. Global Environmental Change, 45, 217-226, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.06.002
  • Ayvazoğlu, A.Ş. & Kunuroğlu, F. (2021). Pyshicological and socio-cultural adaptation of Syrian refugees in Turkey. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 80(3), 99-111. Bilecen, B. & Sienkiewicz, J. J. (2015). Informal Social Protection Networks of Migrants: Typical Patterns in Different Transnational Social Spaces. Population, Space and Place, 21(3), 227–243,10.1002/psp.1906
  • Boyce, C. & Neale, P. (2006). Conducting in-depth interviews: a guide for designing and conducting in-depth interviews for evaluation input, Pathfinder International.
  • Chan, Y., Tang, C., Zhou, X., Sarcevic, A. & Lee, S. (2013). Beyond formality: informal communication in health practices. CSCW ’13 Companion, Feb. 23–27, 2013, San Antonio, Retrieved in 13 Jan 2021, https://cci.drexel.edu/faculty/asarcevic/pub/p307-chen.pdf
  • Crampton, S. M., Hodge, J. W. & Mishra, J. M. (1998). The Informal Communication Network: Factors Influencing Grapevine Activity. Public Personnel Management, 27(4), 569–584,1177/009102609802700410
  • Danielson, N. (2012). Urban refugee protection in Jordan: the role of communication, information and technology. The United Nations Refugee Agency. retrivieted 22 Feb 2021, https://www.unhcr.org/4fbf4c469.pdf
  • Duhan, Ö. & Gürbüz, S. (2018). A study for social integration of Syrian asylum- seekers. Turkish Studies, 13(26), 529-546.
  • Emin, M.N. (2019). Creating Tomorrow: The education of Syrian Children in Turkey. Ankara: Seta Books.
  • Erdoğan, M. (2019). Barometer of Syrians, the perspective of social cohesion with living Syrians, Ankara: Orion Publishing.
  • Figgou, L. & Pavlopoulos, V. (2015). Social psychology: research methods. Behavioral Science. 544-552, 10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.24028-2.
  • Glipsse, M., Osserion, S. & Cheesman, M. (2018). Syrian Refugees and the Digital Passage to Europe: Smartphone Infrastructures and Affordances. Society & Media, 4(1), 10.1177/2056305118764440
  • Grunig, J.E., Childers, L. (1988). Reconstruction of situational theory of communication: internal and external concepts as identifiers of publics for aids, Communication Theory and Methodology Division, Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Oregon.
  • Hannides, T., Bailey, N. & Kaoukji, D. (2016). Voices of Refugees: Information and Communication Needs of Refugees in Greece and Germany. BBC Media Action, retrieved in 19 Jan 2021, www.dataportal.bbcmediaaction.org Johnson, J. D., Donohue, W. A., Atkin, C. K. & Johnson, S. (1994). Differences Between Formal and Informal Communication Channels. Journal of Business Communication, 31(2), 111–122, 10.1177/002194369403100202
  • Kaplan, I. How smartphones and social media have revolutionized refugee migrant. (2018, 26 Oct), retrivied in 25 Feb 2021, www.unhcr.org
  • Kuzlucan, G. (2019). Syrian asylum-seeker’s habits of using social media tools in the social entegration process: Example of Şanlıurfa. [doctoral dissertation], Selçuk University.
  • Macaron, J. (2018). Syrian refugees in Jordan and Lebanon: the politics of their return. Arab Center Washington DC. (28 June 2018). www.arabcenterdc.org. Mansour, E. (2018). Profiling information needs and behaviour of Syrian refugees displaced to Egypt. Political Science, 119(3/4), 161-182, 10.1108/ILS-08-2017-0088.
  • Miettunen, P. & Shunnaq, M. (2020). Tribal networks and informal adaptive mechanisms of Syrian refugees: the case of the Bani Khalid Tribe in Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. Beirut American University, İssam Fares Institute.
  • Naderifar, M., Goli, H., & Ghaljaie, F. (2017). Snowball Sampling: A Purposeful Method of Sampling in Qualitative Research. Strides in Development of Medical Education, 14(3), 10.5812/sdme.67670
  • Ponzanesi, S. (2019). Migration and mobility in digital age: (re)mapping connectivity and belonging. Television & New Media, 20(6), 547-557, 10.1177/1527476419857687
  • Savran, S. & Sat, A.N. (2019). Exploring the Locational Preferences of Syrian Migrants in Ankara and a Case Study of Önder, Ulubey, and Alemdağ Neighborhoods as an Ethnic Urban Enclave. Journal of Ankara Studies, 7(2), 283-302, 10.5505/jas.2019.33154
  • Snowball sampling in qualitative research. (2021, 16 February). Retrivied: 20.03.2021, http://researcharticles.com/index.php/snowball-sampling-qualitative-research/
  • Syrian Barometer 2017. Konda Research. Retrieved in 22 December 2020, www.konda.com.tr
  • Şimşek, D. (2019). Syrian “refugee spillover into Europe”: An analytical and comparative perspective. Adam Academy Social Science Journal, 9(2), 491-516, 10.31679/adama-kademi.622045
  • Temby, O., Sandall, J., Cooksey, R. & Hickey, G.M. (2016). Examining the role of trust and informal communication on mutual learning in government: The case of climate change policy in New York. Organization & Environment, 10.1177/1086026616633254
  • Turkay, B. and Turkay S. (2019). Understanding Turkish NGO’s digital technology use in helping refugees in Turkey. Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 10.1145/3290607.3312984.
  • Xu, Y., Holzer, A., Maitland, C. & Gillet, D. (2017). Community building with co-located social media: A field experiment with Syrian refugees. In proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, 16, 1-11, 10.1145/3136560.313658

Understanding Informal Communication Environment Effect on Social Inclusion

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 11, 457 - 474, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.945952

Öz

The Syrian Civil War forced the citizen population to flee to neighboring countries. Turkey host one of the most densely populated Syrian asylum seekers since 2011. Therefore, social adaption, social cohesion and social integration became the most discussed topics of social studies. Most studies conducted to understand the advantages and disadvantages between two societies in social adaptation. Language is the dominant barrier to social and cultural integration. But some of the newest studies on understanding Syrian population issues shown that communication is the second challenge for the Syrian asylum seekers living in Turkey. Authorities, civic initiatives planned strategic communication facilities to access the Syrian asylum - seekers' adaptation process. So many of these implied by the formal communication sources or channels. This paper aims to direct researchers consider to the importance of informal communication for understanding a close society's communication tendencies and offers to integrate informal communication layer for providing more success.

In this perspective, the paper refer the informal communication preferences of Syrian asylum-seekers in Turkey and observe the role of these preferences. So, a qualitative study applied with asylum-seekers in Turkey. As a result, the findings show that key opinion leaders, multi-lingual neighbors and social media are among the effective informal communication channels. This paper aims to start a discussion about the gap of informal communication and it may be useful for policy makers to think about this aspect of communication.

Kaynakça

  • Ahmad, R. (2018). Challenge of migration and culture in a public health communication context. Journal of Public Health Research.7,10.4081/jphr.2018.1508.
  • Alan, H. & Sözen, C.H. (2017). The role of formal and informal social networks in social capital acquisition: an investigation on women board directors. Journal of Business Research Turk, 9(1), 339-361.
  • Armijos, M. T., Phillips, J., Wilkinson, E., Barclay, J., Hicks, A., Palacios, P., Mothes, P., & Stone, J. (2017). Adapting to changes in volcanic behaviour: Formal and informal interactions for enhanced risk management at Tungurahua Volcano, Ecuador. Global Environmental Change, 45, 217-226, 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.06.002
  • Ayvazoğlu, A.Ş. & Kunuroğlu, F. (2021). Pyshicological and socio-cultural adaptation of Syrian refugees in Turkey. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 80(3), 99-111. Bilecen, B. & Sienkiewicz, J. J. (2015). Informal Social Protection Networks of Migrants: Typical Patterns in Different Transnational Social Spaces. Population, Space and Place, 21(3), 227–243,10.1002/psp.1906
  • Boyce, C. & Neale, P. (2006). Conducting in-depth interviews: a guide for designing and conducting in-depth interviews for evaluation input, Pathfinder International.
  • Chan, Y., Tang, C., Zhou, X., Sarcevic, A. & Lee, S. (2013). Beyond formality: informal communication in health practices. CSCW ’13 Companion, Feb. 23–27, 2013, San Antonio, Retrieved in 13 Jan 2021, https://cci.drexel.edu/faculty/asarcevic/pub/p307-chen.pdf
  • Crampton, S. M., Hodge, J. W. & Mishra, J. M. (1998). The Informal Communication Network: Factors Influencing Grapevine Activity. Public Personnel Management, 27(4), 569–584,1177/009102609802700410
  • Danielson, N. (2012). Urban refugee protection in Jordan: the role of communication, information and technology. The United Nations Refugee Agency. retrivieted 22 Feb 2021, https://www.unhcr.org/4fbf4c469.pdf
  • Duhan, Ö. & Gürbüz, S. (2018). A study for social integration of Syrian asylum- seekers. Turkish Studies, 13(26), 529-546.
  • Emin, M.N. (2019). Creating Tomorrow: The education of Syrian Children in Turkey. Ankara: Seta Books.
  • Erdoğan, M. (2019). Barometer of Syrians, the perspective of social cohesion with living Syrians, Ankara: Orion Publishing.
  • Figgou, L. & Pavlopoulos, V. (2015). Social psychology: research methods. Behavioral Science. 544-552, 10.1016/B978-0-08-097086-8.24028-2.
  • Glipsse, M., Osserion, S. & Cheesman, M. (2018). Syrian Refugees and the Digital Passage to Europe: Smartphone Infrastructures and Affordances. Society & Media, 4(1), 10.1177/2056305118764440
  • Grunig, J.E., Childers, L. (1988). Reconstruction of situational theory of communication: internal and external concepts as identifiers of publics for aids, Communication Theory and Methodology Division, Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Oregon.
  • Hannides, T., Bailey, N. & Kaoukji, D. (2016). Voices of Refugees: Information and Communication Needs of Refugees in Greece and Germany. BBC Media Action, retrieved in 19 Jan 2021, www.dataportal.bbcmediaaction.org Johnson, J. D., Donohue, W. A., Atkin, C. K. & Johnson, S. (1994). Differences Between Formal and Informal Communication Channels. Journal of Business Communication, 31(2), 111–122, 10.1177/002194369403100202
  • Kaplan, I. How smartphones and social media have revolutionized refugee migrant. (2018, 26 Oct), retrivied in 25 Feb 2021, www.unhcr.org
  • Kuzlucan, G. (2019). Syrian asylum-seeker’s habits of using social media tools in the social entegration process: Example of Şanlıurfa. [doctoral dissertation], Selçuk University.
  • Macaron, J. (2018). Syrian refugees in Jordan and Lebanon: the politics of their return. Arab Center Washington DC. (28 June 2018). www.arabcenterdc.org. Mansour, E. (2018). Profiling information needs and behaviour of Syrian refugees displaced to Egypt. Political Science, 119(3/4), 161-182, 10.1108/ILS-08-2017-0088.
  • Miettunen, P. & Shunnaq, M. (2020). Tribal networks and informal adaptive mechanisms of Syrian refugees: the case of the Bani Khalid Tribe in Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. Beirut American University, İssam Fares Institute.
  • Naderifar, M., Goli, H., & Ghaljaie, F. (2017). Snowball Sampling: A Purposeful Method of Sampling in Qualitative Research. Strides in Development of Medical Education, 14(3), 10.5812/sdme.67670
  • Ponzanesi, S. (2019). Migration and mobility in digital age: (re)mapping connectivity and belonging. Television & New Media, 20(6), 547-557, 10.1177/1527476419857687
  • Savran, S. & Sat, A.N. (2019). Exploring the Locational Preferences of Syrian Migrants in Ankara and a Case Study of Önder, Ulubey, and Alemdağ Neighborhoods as an Ethnic Urban Enclave. Journal of Ankara Studies, 7(2), 283-302, 10.5505/jas.2019.33154
  • Snowball sampling in qualitative research. (2021, 16 February). Retrivied: 20.03.2021, http://researcharticles.com/index.php/snowball-sampling-qualitative-research/
  • Syrian Barometer 2017. Konda Research. Retrieved in 22 December 2020, www.konda.com.tr
  • Şimşek, D. (2019). Syrian “refugee spillover into Europe”: An analytical and comparative perspective. Adam Academy Social Science Journal, 9(2), 491-516, 10.31679/adama-kademi.622045
  • Temby, O., Sandall, J., Cooksey, R. & Hickey, G.M. (2016). Examining the role of trust and informal communication on mutual learning in government: The case of climate change policy in New York. Organization & Environment, 10.1177/1086026616633254
  • Turkay, B. and Turkay S. (2019). Understanding Turkish NGO’s digital technology use in helping refugees in Turkey. Extended Abstracts of the 2019 CHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 10.1145/3290607.3312984.
  • Xu, Y., Holzer, A., Maitland, C. & Gillet, D. (2017). Community building with co-located social media: A field experiment with Syrian refugees. In proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development. Association for Computing Machinery, New York, 16, 1-11, 10.1145/3136560.313658
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Zeynep Genel 0000-0002-3140-0053

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2021
Kabul Tarihi 25 Temmuz 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 11

Kaynak Göster

APA Genel, Z. (2021). Understanding Informal Communication Environment Effect on Social Inclusion. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(11), 457-474. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.945952

IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi / IBAD Journal of Social Sciences 


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