Fetal alkol sendromunda oksidatif stres ve antioksidan mekanizma

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 165 - 169, 01.06.2016

İbrahim Söğüt , Güngör Kanbak

Öz

Alkol birçok organ ve dokuda (özellikle beyin ve karaciğer) doza ve kullanım süresine bağlı olarak hasar oluşturabilen bir toksindir. Doğum öncesi(prenatal) dönemde anne tarafından kullanılan alkol, fetal alkol sendromuna neden olabilmektedir. Fetal alkol sendromu ilk olarak 1970’li yıllarınbaşında, alkol kullanma alışkanlığını gebelikte de sürdüren anneden doğan bebeklerde görülen büyüme bozukluğu, yüz bölgesi anormallikleri vemental gerilik olarak tanımlanmıştır. Gebeliğin ilk üç ayında kullanılan alkol fetus üzerinde düşüğe, organogenez döneminde organlarda hasara,gebeliğin ikinci üç aylık döneminde hücrelerdeki fetotoksik etkisiyle merkezi sinir sisteminde ağır hasara neden olabilmektedir. Bu derlemede doğumöncesi alkol kullanımı sonucu oluşan oksidatif stres ve antioksidan savunma mekanizması hakkında bilgiler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antioksidanlar, fetal alkol sendromu, oksidatif stres, gebelikte alkol kullanımı

Kaynakça

• Abel EL, Hannigan JH. Maternal risk factors in fetal alcohol syndrome: provocative and permissive influences. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1995;17:445-62.
• Sogut I, Oglakci A, Kartkaya K, Ol KK, Sogut MS, Kanbak G, et al. Effect of boric acid on oxidative stress in rats with fetal alcohol syndrome. Exp Ther Med 2015;9:1023-7.
• Jones KL, Smith DW. Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy. Lancet 1973;302:999- 1001.
• Abel EL. Fetal alcohol abuse syndrome. New York: Plenum; 1998.
• Floyd RL, Decouflé P, Hungerford DW. Alcohol use prior to pregnancy recognition. Am J Prev Med 1999;17:101-7.
• Wattendorf DJ, Muenke M. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Am Fam Physician 2005;72:279-82.
• Deng J, Elberger AJ. Corpus callosum and visual cortex of mice with deletion of the NMDA-NR1 receptor. II. Attenuation of prenatal alcohol exposure effects. Brain Res Dev Brain Res 2003;144:135-50.
• Addolorato G, Gasbarrini A, Marcoccia S, Simoncini M, Baccarini P, Vagni G, et al. Prenatal exposure to ethanol in rats: effects on liver energy level and antioxidant status in mothers, fetuses, and newborns. Alcohol 1997;14:569-73.
• Fleming M, Mihic SJ, Haris RA. Ethanol. In: Hardman JG, Limbird LE, editors. Goodman and Gilman’s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 10th ed. NewYork: Pregamon Press; 2001. p. 429-45.
• Sampson PD, Streissguth AP, Bookstein FL, Little RE, Clarren SK, Dehaene P, et al. Incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and prevalence of alcohol- related neurodevelopmental disorder. Teratology 1997;56:317-26.
• Fakoya FA, Caxton-Martins EA. Neocortical neurodegeneration in young adult Wistar rats prenatally exposed to ethanol. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2006;28:229-37.
• Miller MW. Generation of neurons in the rat dentate gyrus and hippocampus: effects of prenatal and postnatal treatment with ethanol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1995;19:1500-9.
• Brocardo PS, Gil-Mohapel J, Christie BR. The role of oxidative stress in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Brain Res Rev 2011;67:209-25.
• Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC. Free radicals in biology and medicine. 4th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2007.
• Von Sonntag C. Free-radical-induced DNA damage and its repair. Hiedelberg: Springer; 2006.
• Friedberg EC, Walker GC, Siede W, Wood RD, Schultz RA, Ellenberger T. DNA repair and mutagenesis. Washington: ASM Press; 2006.
• Cohen-Kerem R, Koren G. Antioxidants and fetal protection against ethanol teratogenicity. I. Review of the experimental data and implications to humans. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2003;25:1-9.
• Cartwright MM, Smith SM. Increased cell death and reduced neural crest cell numbers in ethanol-exposed embryos: partial basis for the fetal alcohol syndrome phenotype. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1995;19:378-86.
• Michaelis EK, Michaelis ML. Molecular aspects of glutamate receptors and sodium-calcium exchange carriers in mammalian brain: implications for neuronal development and degeneration. Neurochem Res 1992;17:29-34.
• Maier SE, Chen W-JA, West JR. The effects of timing and duration of alcohol exposure on development of the fetal brain. In: Abel EL, editor. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: From Mechanism to Prevention. Florida: CRC Press; 1996. p. 27-50.
• Naseer MI, Ullah N, Ullah I, Koh PO, Lee HY, Park MS, et al. Vitamin C protects against ethanol and PTZ-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in prenatal rat hippocampal neurons. Synapse 2011;65:562-71.
• Räihä NC, Koskinen M, Pikkarainen P. Developmental changes in alcohol-dehydrogenase activity in rat and guinea-pig liver. Biochem J 1967;103:623-6.
• Hansson T, Tindberg N, Ingelman-Sundberg M, Köhler C. Regional distribution of ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 IIE1 in the rat central nervous system. Neuroscience 1990;34:451-63.
• Zimatkin SM, Pronko SP, Vasiliou V, Gonzalez FJ, Deitrich RA. Enzymatic mechanisms of ethanol oxidation in the brain. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2006;30:1500-5.
• Buonocore G, Perrone S, Bracci R. Free radicals and brain damage in the newborn. Biol Neonate 2001;79:180-6.
• Mansouri A, Demeilliers C, Amsellem S, Pessayre D, Fromenty B. Acute ethanol administration oxidatively damages and depletes mitochondrial dna in mouse liver, brain, heart, and skeletal muscles: protective effects of antioxidants. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001;298:737-43.
• Hamby-Mason R, Chen JJ, Schenker S, Perez A, Henderson GI. Catalase mediates acetaldehyde formation from ethanol in fetal and neonatal rat brain. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997;21:1063-72.
• Sies H. Oxidative stress: from basic research to clinical application. Am J Med 1991;91:31-8.
• Halliwell B, Gutteridge JM. Role of free radicals and catalytic metal ions in human disease: an overview. Methods Enzymol 1990;186:1-85.
• Infanger DW, Sharma RV, Davisson RL. NADPH oxidases of the brain: distribution, regulation, and function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2006;8:1583-96.
• Nordmann R, Ribière C, Rouach H. Ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress in extrahepatic tissues. Alcohol Alcohol 1990;25:231-7.
• Amini SA, Dunstan RH, Dunkley PR, Murdoch RN. Oxidative stress and the fetotoxicity of alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Free Radic Biol Med 1996;21:357-65.
• Halliwell B. Reactive species and antioxidants. Redox biology is a fundamental theme of aerobic life. Plant Physiol 2006;141:312-22.
• Fridovich I. Superoxide anion radical (O2-.), superoxide dismutases, and related matters. J Biol Chem 1997;272:18515-7.
• Percy ME. Catalase: an old enzyme with a new role? Can J Biochem Cell Biol 1984;62:1006-14.
• Salinas AE, Wong MG. Glutathione S-transferases--a review. Curr Med Chem 1999;6:279-309.
• Drever N, Yin H, Kechichian T, Costantine M, Longo M, Saade GR, et al. The expression of antioxidant enzymes in a mouse model of fetal alcohol syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2012;206:358.
• Laloraya M, Kumar GP, Laloraya MM. A possible role of superoxide anion radical in the process of blastocyst implantation in Mus musculus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1989;161:762-70.