POLONYA YEREL YÖNETİMLERİNİN 1989 İLE 2004 ARASINDAKİ DÖNÜŞÜMÜ

Öz

Bu çalışma 1989 ile 2004 yılları arasında Polonya’daki yerel yönetim reformlarına odaklanmaktadır. Polonya’da komünist sistemin çöküşüyle beraber, yerel yönetimlerin yeniden inşası, ülkedeki 1989 siyasi dönüşümünün en önemli direklerinden biri olmuştur. Bu reformlar yerel toplulukları ciddi düzeyde güçlendirmiş ve yerel öz-yönetim sistemi yaratmıştır. Söz konusu reformlar Polonya’yı, diğer Orta ve Doğu Avrupa’daki eski komünist ülkelerden açıkça ayırmıştır. Polonya yerel idarelerinde bir dizi yerelleşme politikaları kabul edilmiştir. İkinci dalga reformlar sırasıyla 1998 ve 1999 yıllarında bu yerelleşme trendini takip etmiştir. 2004 yılındaki Avrupa Birliği üyeliği, Polonya’nın yerel yönetim sisteminde yeni reformlara yol açmıştır. Bu çalışmada yerelleşme süreci ve bölgesel politikalardaki başlıca aktörler analiz edilmiştir. Ülke içerisindeki bu reformların neticesinde Polonya, Orta ve Doğu Avrupa’nın en fazla yerelleşmiş ülkesi olarak bilinmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yerel Yönetim,Öz-yönetim,Yerelleşme,Polonya’nın Dönüşümü

TRANSITION OF POLAND’S LOCAL GOVERNMENT BETWEEN 1989 AND 2004

Öz

The study focuses on the reforms of the Polish local governments between 1989 and 2004.After the collapse of the communist system in Poland, the reconstruction of local government became the one of most important pillars of the 1989 political transformation within the country. These reforms significantly empowered local communities and created the system of local self-government. These reforms clearly distinguished Poland from other post- communist countries in Central and Eastern Europe. A number of decentralization policies are accepted in the Polish local governments. Second wave of reforms pursued this decentralization trend in 1998 and 1999 respectively. With the membership to European Union on 2004 caused new reforms in the local government system of Poland. In this study, the process of decentralization and main actors in regional policies are analyzed. Poland is known as most decentralized country in Central and Eastern Europe through these reforms within the country.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Local Government,Self-Government,Decentralization,Poland’s Transformation

Kaynakça

1. Campbell, A., & Coulson, A. (2006). Into the mainstream: Local democracy in Central and Eastern Europe. Local Government Studies, 32(5), 543-561.Barışık, Salih ve Demircioğlu, Elmas (2006). “Türkiye’de Döviz Kuru Rejimi, Konvertibilete, İhracat-İthalat İlişkisi (1980- 2001)”. ZKÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. Cilt:2. Sayı:3. s.71-84. Dolnicki, B. (2012). Samorząd terytorialny. Wolters Kluwer. Güler, B. A. (1992). Yerel Yönetimler: Liberal açıklamalara eleştirel yaklaşım. Türkiye ve Orta Doğu Amme İdaresi Enstitüsü. Hossain, A., & Elias, S. A. (1994). Some approaches for rural Development in Bangladesh: Past and Present. The journal of local Government, 23(2). Hossain, M. A. (2004). Administrative decentralization: A framework for discussion and its practices in Bangladesh. University Of Rajshahi, Department of Public Administration, Rajshani. Illner, M. (1998). Local democratization in the Czech Republic after 1989. Participation and democracy: East and west, 51-82. Islam, K. M. (1997). Administrative Decentralization: A Conceptual Analysis and Its Implication in Bangladesh. A Journal of Mass Communication, Public Administration and Social Sciences, Center for Social Science Research (University of Rajshahi), 1(1). Jablonski, A. W. (1998). Europeanization of Public Administration in Central Europe. Poland in Comparative Perspective. Jerzy, R. (2000). Samorząd III Rzeczypospolitej. Koncepcje i realizacja. Warszawa. Klobučník, M., & Bačík, V. (2016). Local self-government structure in the EU member states in 2011. Journal of Maps, 12(4), 671-675. Kocon, W. (1991). Local Government in Poland, Part I. The Reform. Social Education, 55(6), 360-66. Kotarba, B., & Kolomycew, A. (2014). Financial independence of local government units in Poland. RUO. Revija za Univerzalno Odlicnost, 3(4), A18. Kowalczyk, A. (2000). Local government in Poland. Decentralization: experiments and reforms, 1, 217-253. Kulesza, M. (1992). Druga rocznica wyborów komunalnych-27 maja 1990 r.,". Samorząd Terytorialny, 5, 52. Kulesza, M. (2002). Methods and techniques of managing decentralization reforms in CEE countries: the polish experience. JOURNAL OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW IN EASTERN AND CENTRAL EUROPE, 9(2), 115-172. Kutlu, Ö. (2006). Karşılaştırmalı Kamu Yönetimi: Teorik Çerçeve ve Ülke Uygulamaları. Çizgi Kitabevi. Lazin, F. (2014). Local Government Reforms in Eastern Europe after the Collapse of the Soviet Union: Some Observations. Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava: časopis za teoriju i praksu javne uprave, 14(1), 59-84. Levitas, A. (2017). Local Government Reform as State Building: What the Polish Case Says About “Decentralization”. Studies in Comparative International Development, 52(1), 23-44. Mulawa, M. (2013). Classification of the Tasks of Local Governmental Units in Poland in the Light of Fundamental Legal Acts—Discussion of Selected Aspects. Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i prognozy, 2(32), 33-42. Rahman, M. S. (1996). Decentralization Practices in Bangladesh: Problems and Potentials. Rajshahi University Studies, 65-91. Radzik-Maruszak, K. (2014). The Changing Role of Councillors in Poland: Contexts and Capabilities. Contemporary European Studies, (2). Radzik-Maruszak, K. (2015). Putting citizens first: democratic innovations in city governance. Kunnallistieteellinen aikakauskirja 43 (2015): 4. Radzik-Maruszak, K. (2016). Roles of Municipal Councils in Poland and in the Czech Republic: Factors Shaping the Roles and the Dynamic of Change 1. RUO. Revija za Univerzalno Odlicnost, 5(1), 47. Regulski, J. (2000). Samorząd Trzeciej Rzeczypospolitej. Wydawn. Naukowe PWN. Regulski, J. (2003). Local government reform in Poland: an insider's story. Budapest: Local Government and Public Service Reform Initiative. Regulski, J. (2016). Local Government reform in Poland an insider's story ate views 23.02. 2013 www.: frdl. org. pl/pliki/frdl/document/regulski_local_ democracy. pdf© BB Bimendeyev. AD Seydinbekuly, IS Saduakasuly. Rondinelli, D. A., & Nellis, J. R. (1986). Assessing decentralization policies in developing countries: The case for cautious optimism 1. Development Policy Review, 4(1), 3 23. Sauer, A. (2013). The system of the local self-governments in Poland. Associacion of International Afairs (Research Paper 6). Sikander, T. (2015). A theoretical framework of local government. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 5(6), 1. Szreniawski, J. (2004). Wstep do nauki administracji. Lublin: Wydanie Verba, 104-105. Swianiewicz, P. (2011). Poland: Europeanization of Subnational Governments. In The oxford handbook of local and regional democracy in Europe. Swianiewicz, P. (2014). An empirical typology of local government systems in Eastern Europe. Local Government Studies, 40(2), 292-311. Taras, W. (1993). Changes in Polish Public Administration 1989–1992. Public Administration, 71(1‐2), 13-32.