Araştırma Makalesi
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Sociological Perspectives on The Social Model Of Disability

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 68 - 87, 31.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.33709/ictimaiyat.1144506

Öz

The study discusses the social model of disability and the associated sociological perspectives. The model has dominant sociological implications in disability studies. This study, which aims to make a theoretical contribution to the disability literature, also discusses the aspects of new perspectives based on the social model. Firstly, the study explains the disability and approaches of the sociology of health is emphasized. Secondly, the emergence of social movements about disability and its link with the social model is addressed. Here, briefly, the development of the cripple movement is mentioned and the different lines of development of the social model that can be seen as a result of this movement in England and America are mentioned. Thirdly, based on the approaches offered by the social model and sociological perspectives that addresses disability, hybrid model as one of the social models is under discussion. As a result, it is emphasized that the social model of disability is still a useful model because it creates a rich theoretical basis in disability studies and provides a source for new perspectives

Kaynakça

  • Abberley, P. (1987). The concept of oppression and the development of a social theory of disability. Disability, Handicap and Society. V. 2 N.1. 5-19.
  • Abberley, P. (2005). The Spectre at the Feast: Disabled People and Social Theory. T. Shakespeare (Ed.). The disability reader social science perspectives in (pp. 79-93). London and New York: Continuum.
  • Açıkgöz, R. (2020). Hastalık, sağlık ve toplum- Bir sağlık sosyolojisi incelemesi. İstanbul: DYB Yayınları.
  • Barnes, C. (1999). Theories of disability and the origins of the oppression of disabled people in western society. L. Barton (Ed.), Disability and society: Emerging ıssues and ınsights (3th. ed.) in. (pp. 43-60). London and New York: Routledge.
  • Barnes, C. (2008). Disability and disability studies and Academy. C. Barnes, M. Oliver and Len Barton (Eds.). Disability studies today in (pp. 28-33). USA: Polity Press.
  • Barnes, C. (2012). Understanding the social model of disability past, present and future. N. Watson, A. Roulstone and C. Thomas (Eds.). Routledge handbook of disability studies in (pp. 12-29). London and New York: Routledge.
  • Barnes, C. (2015). The social model of disability: A sociological phenomenon ıgnored by sociologists? T. Shakespeare (Ed.). The disability reader social science perspectives in (pp. 65-78). London and New York: Continuum.
  • Barnes, C., Mercer, G. and Shakespeare, T. (2008). Exploring disabilty a sociological introduction. USA: Polity Press.
  • Barnes, C., Oliver, M. and Barton, L. (2008). Introduction. C. Barnes, M. Oliver and L. Barton (Eds.). Disability studies today in (pp. 1-17). USA: Polity Press.
  • Begum, N. (1992). Disabled women and the feminist agenda. Feminist Review V. 40 N. 1. 70-84. doi:10.1057/fr.1992.6
  • Bøttcher, L. and Dammeyer, J. (2012). Disability as a dialectical concept: building on Vygotsky’s defectology, European Journal of Special Needs Education, V. 27 N. 4., 433-446. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2012.711958 Brown, L. C. (2013). Stigma: An enigma demystified, L. J. Davis (Ed.). The disability studies reader (4th ed.) in (pp. 147-160). New York and London: Routledge.
  • Burcu, E. (2004). Görme özürlü öğrencilerin eğitimlerine ilişkin düşünceleri ve sorunları: Ankara örneği, Ufkun Ötesi Bilim Dergisi, C. 4 N. 2. 23-47.
  • Burcu, E. (2020). Engellilik sosyolojisi. (2. bs.) Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Carol, T. (2007). Sociologies of disability and illnes. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Corker M. and Shakespeare T. (2002). Mapping the Terrain. M. Corker and T. Shakespeare (Eds.). Disability/postmodernity: embodying disability in (pp. 1-17). London and New York: Continuum.
  • Davis, L. J. (2018). Introduction. L. J. Davis (Ed.), Beginning with disability in (pp. 3-15). New York and London: Routledge.
  • Dawn, R. (2021). The social model of disability in India, London and New York: Routledge.
  • Devlieger, P. J. (2005). Generating a cultural model of disability, presented at the 19th congress of the european federation of associations of teachers of the deaf (FEAPDA), Erişim Adresi:https://is.muni.cz/el/1441/jaro2015/sp_0002/um/50945627/51056873/culturalmodelofdisability.pdf
  • Finkelstein, V. (1980). Attitudes and disabled people, New York: World Rehabilitation Fund.
  • Finkelstein, V. (2001). A personal journey into dısability Politics. Erişim Adresi: https://disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/40/library/finkelstein-presentn.pdf
  • Finkelstein, V. (2004), Represanting disabilty. J. Swain, S. French, C. Barnes, C. Thomas (Eds.). Disabling barriers- enabling environments in (pp. 13-20). London: Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Foucault, M. (2007). Cinselliğin tarihi. (H. U. Tanrıöver, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Fundamental Principles of Disability- FPD, (1976). https://disabledpeoplesarchive.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2021/01/001-FundamentalPrinciplesOfDisability-UPIAS-DA-22Nov1975.pdf
  • Garland-Thomson, R. (2017). Integrating disability, transforming feminist theory. L. J. Davis (Ed.), The disability studies reader (5th ed.) in (360-380). New York and London: Routledge.
  • Goffman, E. (2014). Damga: Örselenmiş kimliğin idare edilişi üzerine notlar. (Kolektif, Çev.). Ankara: Heretik Yayıncılık.
  • Goodley, D. (2011). Disability studies: An interdisciplinary introduction. London: Sage.
  • Hayman, B. (2019) Independent living history, Erişim Adresi: https://www.accessliving.org/newsroom/blog/independent-living-history/
  • Hughes, B. ve Paterson K. (2011). Sakatlık sosyal modeli ve kaybolan beden: Bir yeti yitimi sosyolojisine doğru. S. Yardımcı, Y. Şentürk ve D. Bezmez (Ed.). Sakatlık çalışmaları sosyal bilimlerden bakmak. (F. B. Aydar, Çev.) içinde (ss. 63-80). İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Hunt, P. (1972). Letter to the Guardian. Erişim Adresi: https://disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk/library/author/hunt.paul/
  • Iriarte, E. G. (2016). Models of disability. E. G. Iriarte, R. McConkey and R. H. Gilligan (Eds.). Disability and human rights: Global perspectives in. (pp. 10-32). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kasapoğlu, M. A. (2001). Güncel sosyal sorunlar. Toplum Bilim Dergisi 13, 23-37.
  • Lennard, J. D. (2018). Introduction. Lennard J. Davis (Ed.). Beginning with disability in (pp. 3-15). New York and London: Routledge.
  • Meşe, İ. (2014). Engelliliği açıklayan sosyal model nedir?. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, C. 14 N. 33. 79-92. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21560/spcd.17773
  • Oliver, M. (1990). The politics of disablement, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Oliver, M. (1996). Understanding disability: From theory to practice, New York: Saint Martin’s Press.
  • Oliver, M. (2004). The social model in action: If i had a hammer. C. Barnes and G. Mercer (Ed.). Implementing the social model of disability: Theory and research. in (pp. 18-31). Leeds: The Disability Press.
  • Özgökçeler, S. ve Alper, Y. (2010). Özürlüler kanunu’nun sosyal model açısından değerlendirilmesi, İşletme ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, C. 1 N. 1. 33-54.
  • Parsons, T. (1951). The social system. London and New York: The Free Press of Glencoe.
  • Parsons, T. (1991). The social system Bryan S.Turner (Ed.). England: Taylor & Francis Group and Routledge
  • Parsons, T. (2001). Sağlık ve hastalık sosyolojik bir eylem perspektifi. (T. Kurtarıcı, Çev.) Toplumbilim Dergisi 13, 99-107.
  • Priestley M. (2011). Engellilik. P. Alcock, M. May ve K. Rowlingson (Ed.). Sosyal politika: Kuramlar ve uygulamalar (O. C. Taştan, Çev.). içinde (ss. 521-530). Ankara: Siyasal Kitapevi
  • Riddel, S. (1999). Theorising special educational needs in a changing political climate. L. Barton (Ed.), Disability and society: Emerging issues and insights (3th ed) in (pp. 83-108). London and New York: Routledge.
  • Samav, F. D. ve Gül, S. S. (2021). Sakatlığın değişen yüzü ve engellilik sosyolojisi. İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Shakespeare, T. (1993). Disabled people's self-organisation: A new social movement? Disability & Society 8(3) 249-264. Doi: 10.1080/02674649366780261
  • Shakespeare, T. (2005). Introduction. T. Shakespeare (Ed.). The disability reader: social science perspectives in (pp. 1-6). London: Continuum
  • Shakespeare, T. (2011). Sakatlık sosyal modeli. S. Yardımcı, Y. Şentürk ve D. Bezmez (Ed.). Sakatlık çalışmaları sosyal bilimlerden bakmak. (F. B. Aydar, Çev.). içinde (ss. 51-62). İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Shakespeare, T. (2018). Disability the basics, New York and London: Routledge and Taylor & Francis Group
  • Shreve M. (2011) The Independent Living Movement: History and Philosophy to Implementation and Practice. Erişim Adresi: https://www.ilru.org/sites/default/files/resources/il_history/IL_Movement.pdf
  • Siebers, T. (1999). Disability in theory: From social constructionism to the new realism of the body, American Literary History V. 13 N. 4. 737-754.
  • Stone, D. (1985). The disabled state, London: Macmillan.
  • Swain, J. and French, S. (2008). Affirming identity. J. Swain and S. French (Eds.). Disability on equal terms in (pp. 65-78). California: SAGE Publications Ltd. London: Thousand Oaks.
  • Thomas C. (2004). Disability and impairment. J. Swain, S. French, C. Barnes, C. Thomas (Eds.). Disabling barriers- enabling environments in (pp. 21-27). London: Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Thomas C. (2007). Sociologies of disability and illness contested ideas in disability studies and medical sociology. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Thomas C. (2012). Theorising disability and chronic illness: Where next for perspectives in medical sociology? Social Theory & Health 10, 209–228.
  • Tøssebro, J. (2004). Introduction to the special issue: Understanding disability. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 6(1) 3–7. Doi: 10.1080/15017410409512635
  • Twardowski, A. (2019). Controversies around the social model of disability, Culture– Socıety–Educatıon, 2(16) 7-21.
  • Wasserman, D., Asch, A., Blustein, J. and Putnam, D. (2016). Disability: Definitions, Models, Experience. E. N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy URL https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2016/entries/disability/
  • Wendell, S. (1996). The rejected body: Feminist philosophical reflections on disability. New York and London: Routledge.
  • WHO-ICF (2002). International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF)https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/international-classification-of-functioning-disability-and-health
  • Wolfensberger, W. P., Nirje B., Olshansky, S., Perske, R. and Roos, P. (1972). The principle of normalization in human services. Books: Wolfensberger Collection 1. Erişim Adresi https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/wolf_books/1
  • Yardımcı S. (2015). Sakatlığın tarihsel inşası. K. Çayır, M. Soran, M. Ergün (Der.), Engellilik ve ayrımcılık: Eğitimciler için temel metinler ve örnek dersler içinde (ss. 7-18). İstanbul: Karekök Yayınları.

Sakatlık Sosyal Modelinde Sosyolojik Perspektifler

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 68 - 87, 31.05.2023
https://doi.org/10.33709/ictimaiyat.1144506

Öz

Bu çalışmada sakatlık sosyal modeli ve bu modelle ilişkili sosyolojik perspektifler ele alınmaktadır. Sakatlık çalışmalarında başat konumda yer alan sosyal model önemli sosyolojik içerimlere sahiptir. Sakatlık literatürüne teorik bir katkı sunmayı amaçlayan bu çalışma, sosyal modele dayalı yeni perspektiflerin hangi açılardan ele alınması gerektiğini tartışmaktadır. Çalışmada ilk olarak, sakatlığa dair ilk açıklamalara yer verilmekte ve sağlık sosyolojisi bağlamında sakatlığa nasıl yaklaşıldığı üzerinde durulmaktadır. İkinci olarak, sakat hareketinin nasıl ortaya çıktığı ve bunun sosyal model ile olan bağlantısı ele alınmaktadır. Burada kısaca sakat hareketinin gelişiminden bahsedilmekte ve bu hareketin bir sonucu olarak görülebilecek sosyal modelin İngiltere ve Amerika’daki farklı gelişim çizgilerinden söz edilmektedir. Üçüncü olarak, sosyal modelin sunduğu yaklaşımlardan hareketle sakatlığı ele alan sosyolojik perspektiflerden ve sosyal model içerisinde değerlendirilebilecek hibrit modellerden bahsedilmektedir. Son olarak, sakatlık sosyal modeline yöneltilen bazı eleştiriler üzerinde durulmakta ve bu eleştirilere beden teorilerinin sağladığı imkândan söz edilmektedir. Sonuçta sakatlık sosyal modelinin sakatlık çalışmalarında zengin bir teorik zemin oluşturduğu ve yeni bakış açılarına kaynaklık ettiği için hala kullanışlı bir model olduğu vurgulanmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abberley, P. (1987). The concept of oppression and the development of a social theory of disability. Disability, Handicap and Society. V. 2 N.1. 5-19.
  • Abberley, P. (2005). The Spectre at the Feast: Disabled People and Social Theory. T. Shakespeare (Ed.). The disability reader social science perspectives in (pp. 79-93). London and New York: Continuum.
  • Açıkgöz, R. (2020). Hastalık, sağlık ve toplum- Bir sağlık sosyolojisi incelemesi. İstanbul: DYB Yayınları.
  • Barnes, C. (1999). Theories of disability and the origins of the oppression of disabled people in western society. L. Barton (Ed.), Disability and society: Emerging ıssues and ınsights (3th. ed.) in. (pp. 43-60). London and New York: Routledge.
  • Barnes, C. (2008). Disability and disability studies and Academy. C. Barnes, M. Oliver and Len Barton (Eds.). Disability studies today in (pp. 28-33). USA: Polity Press.
  • Barnes, C. (2012). Understanding the social model of disability past, present and future. N. Watson, A. Roulstone and C. Thomas (Eds.). Routledge handbook of disability studies in (pp. 12-29). London and New York: Routledge.
  • Barnes, C. (2015). The social model of disability: A sociological phenomenon ıgnored by sociologists? T. Shakespeare (Ed.). The disability reader social science perspectives in (pp. 65-78). London and New York: Continuum.
  • Barnes, C., Mercer, G. and Shakespeare, T. (2008). Exploring disabilty a sociological introduction. USA: Polity Press.
  • Barnes, C., Oliver, M. and Barton, L. (2008). Introduction. C. Barnes, M. Oliver and L. Barton (Eds.). Disability studies today in (pp. 1-17). USA: Polity Press.
  • Begum, N. (1992). Disabled women and the feminist agenda. Feminist Review V. 40 N. 1. 70-84. doi:10.1057/fr.1992.6
  • Bøttcher, L. and Dammeyer, J. (2012). Disability as a dialectical concept: building on Vygotsky’s defectology, European Journal of Special Needs Education, V. 27 N. 4., 433-446. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2012.711958 Brown, L. C. (2013). Stigma: An enigma demystified, L. J. Davis (Ed.). The disability studies reader (4th ed.) in (pp. 147-160). New York and London: Routledge.
  • Burcu, E. (2004). Görme özürlü öğrencilerin eğitimlerine ilişkin düşünceleri ve sorunları: Ankara örneği, Ufkun Ötesi Bilim Dergisi, C. 4 N. 2. 23-47.
  • Burcu, E. (2020). Engellilik sosyolojisi. (2. bs.) Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık.
  • Carol, T. (2007). Sociologies of disability and illnes. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Corker M. and Shakespeare T. (2002). Mapping the Terrain. M. Corker and T. Shakespeare (Eds.). Disability/postmodernity: embodying disability in (pp. 1-17). London and New York: Continuum.
  • Davis, L. J. (2018). Introduction. L. J. Davis (Ed.), Beginning with disability in (pp. 3-15). New York and London: Routledge.
  • Dawn, R. (2021). The social model of disability in India, London and New York: Routledge.
  • Devlieger, P. J. (2005). Generating a cultural model of disability, presented at the 19th congress of the european federation of associations of teachers of the deaf (FEAPDA), Erişim Adresi:https://is.muni.cz/el/1441/jaro2015/sp_0002/um/50945627/51056873/culturalmodelofdisability.pdf
  • Finkelstein, V. (1980). Attitudes and disabled people, New York: World Rehabilitation Fund.
  • Finkelstein, V. (2001). A personal journey into dısability Politics. Erişim Adresi: https://disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/sites/40/library/finkelstein-presentn.pdf
  • Finkelstein, V. (2004), Represanting disabilty. J. Swain, S. French, C. Barnes, C. Thomas (Eds.). Disabling barriers- enabling environments in (pp. 13-20). London: Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Foucault, M. (2007). Cinselliğin tarihi. (H. U. Tanrıöver, Çev.). İstanbul: Ayrıntı Yayınları.
  • Fundamental Principles of Disability- FPD, (1976). https://disabledpeoplesarchive.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2021/01/001-FundamentalPrinciplesOfDisability-UPIAS-DA-22Nov1975.pdf
  • Garland-Thomson, R. (2017). Integrating disability, transforming feminist theory. L. J. Davis (Ed.), The disability studies reader (5th ed.) in (360-380). New York and London: Routledge.
  • Goffman, E. (2014). Damga: Örselenmiş kimliğin idare edilişi üzerine notlar. (Kolektif, Çev.). Ankara: Heretik Yayıncılık.
  • Goodley, D. (2011). Disability studies: An interdisciplinary introduction. London: Sage.
  • Hayman, B. (2019) Independent living history, Erişim Adresi: https://www.accessliving.org/newsroom/blog/independent-living-history/
  • Hughes, B. ve Paterson K. (2011). Sakatlık sosyal modeli ve kaybolan beden: Bir yeti yitimi sosyolojisine doğru. S. Yardımcı, Y. Şentürk ve D. Bezmez (Ed.). Sakatlık çalışmaları sosyal bilimlerden bakmak. (F. B. Aydar, Çev.) içinde (ss. 63-80). İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Hunt, P. (1972). Letter to the Guardian. Erişim Adresi: https://disability-studies.leeds.ac.uk/library/author/hunt.paul/
  • Iriarte, E. G. (2016). Models of disability. E. G. Iriarte, R. McConkey and R. H. Gilligan (Eds.). Disability and human rights: Global perspectives in. (pp. 10-32). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Kasapoğlu, M. A. (2001). Güncel sosyal sorunlar. Toplum Bilim Dergisi 13, 23-37.
  • Lennard, J. D. (2018). Introduction. Lennard J. Davis (Ed.). Beginning with disability in (pp. 3-15). New York and London: Routledge.
  • Meşe, İ. (2014). Engelliliği açıklayan sosyal model nedir?. Sosyal Politika Çalışmaları Dergisi, C. 14 N. 33. 79-92. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21560/spcd.17773
  • Oliver, M. (1990). The politics of disablement, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Oliver, M. (1996). Understanding disability: From theory to practice, New York: Saint Martin’s Press.
  • Oliver, M. (2004). The social model in action: If i had a hammer. C. Barnes and G. Mercer (Ed.). Implementing the social model of disability: Theory and research. in (pp. 18-31). Leeds: The Disability Press.
  • Özgökçeler, S. ve Alper, Y. (2010). Özürlüler kanunu’nun sosyal model açısından değerlendirilmesi, İşletme ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, C. 1 N. 1. 33-54.
  • Parsons, T. (1951). The social system. London and New York: The Free Press of Glencoe.
  • Parsons, T. (1991). The social system Bryan S.Turner (Ed.). England: Taylor & Francis Group and Routledge
  • Parsons, T. (2001). Sağlık ve hastalık sosyolojik bir eylem perspektifi. (T. Kurtarıcı, Çev.) Toplumbilim Dergisi 13, 99-107.
  • Priestley M. (2011). Engellilik. P. Alcock, M. May ve K. Rowlingson (Ed.). Sosyal politika: Kuramlar ve uygulamalar (O. C. Taştan, Çev.). içinde (ss. 521-530). Ankara: Siyasal Kitapevi
  • Riddel, S. (1999). Theorising special educational needs in a changing political climate. L. Barton (Ed.), Disability and society: Emerging issues and insights (3th ed) in (pp. 83-108). London and New York: Routledge.
  • Samav, F. D. ve Gül, S. S. (2021). Sakatlığın değişen yüzü ve engellilik sosyolojisi. İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Shakespeare, T. (1993). Disabled people's self-organisation: A new social movement? Disability & Society 8(3) 249-264. Doi: 10.1080/02674649366780261
  • Shakespeare, T. (2005). Introduction. T. Shakespeare (Ed.). The disability reader: social science perspectives in (pp. 1-6). London: Continuum
  • Shakespeare, T. (2011). Sakatlık sosyal modeli. S. Yardımcı, Y. Şentürk ve D. Bezmez (Ed.). Sakatlık çalışmaları sosyal bilimlerden bakmak. (F. B. Aydar, Çev.). içinde (ss. 51-62). İstanbul: Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları.
  • Shakespeare, T. (2018). Disability the basics, New York and London: Routledge and Taylor & Francis Group
  • Shreve M. (2011) The Independent Living Movement: History and Philosophy to Implementation and Practice. Erişim Adresi: https://www.ilru.org/sites/default/files/resources/il_history/IL_Movement.pdf
  • Siebers, T. (1999). Disability in theory: From social constructionism to the new realism of the body, American Literary History V. 13 N. 4. 737-754.
  • Stone, D. (1985). The disabled state, London: Macmillan.
  • Swain, J. and French, S. (2008). Affirming identity. J. Swain and S. French (Eds.). Disability on equal terms in (pp. 65-78). California: SAGE Publications Ltd. London: Thousand Oaks.
  • Thomas C. (2004). Disability and impairment. J. Swain, S. French, C. Barnes, C. Thomas (Eds.). Disabling barriers- enabling environments in (pp. 21-27). London: Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: SAGE Publications Ltd.
  • Thomas C. (2007). Sociologies of disability and illness contested ideas in disability studies and medical sociology. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Thomas C. (2012). Theorising disability and chronic illness: Where next for perspectives in medical sociology? Social Theory & Health 10, 209–228.
  • Tøssebro, J. (2004). Introduction to the special issue: Understanding disability. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 6(1) 3–7. Doi: 10.1080/15017410409512635
  • Twardowski, A. (2019). Controversies around the social model of disability, Culture– Socıety–Educatıon, 2(16) 7-21.
  • Wasserman, D., Asch, A., Blustein, J. and Putnam, D. (2016). Disability: Definitions, Models, Experience. E. N. Zalta (Ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy URL https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/sum2016/entries/disability/
  • Wendell, S. (1996). The rejected body: Feminist philosophical reflections on disability. New York and London: Routledge.
  • WHO-ICF (2002). International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF)https://www.who.int/standards/classifications/international-classification-of-functioning-disability-and-health
  • Wolfensberger, W. P., Nirje B., Olshansky, S., Perske, R. and Roos, P. (1972). The principle of normalization in human services. Books: Wolfensberger Collection 1. Erişim Adresi https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/wolf_books/1
  • Yardımcı S. (2015). Sakatlığın tarihsel inşası. K. Çayır, M. Soran, M. Ergün (Der.), Engellilik ve ayrımcılık: Eğitimciler için temel metinler ve örnek dersler içinde (ss. 7-18). İstanbul: Karekök Yayınları.
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sosyoloji
Bölüm Orjinal Makale
Yazarlar

Reşat Açıkgöz 0000-0002-4621-2282

Hüseyin Özil 0000-0002-0194-3727

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 29 Mayıs 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Mayıs 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 16 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Açıkgöz, R., & Özil, H. (2023). Sakatlık Sosyal Modelinde Sosyolojik Perspektifler. İçtimaiyat, 7(1), 68-87. https://doi.org/10.33709/ictimaiyat.1144506