The Mediating Role of Psychological Empowerment on the Relationship between Creative Climate and Innovative Work Behavior: The Case of Employees of Various Sectors in Turkey

Öz

Objectives: Creativity, innovativeness and psychological empowerment are important and key elements for 21st-century organization because of employee performance and business successful. In this context, this study tries to reveal the interrelationship among creative climate, innovative work behavior and psychological empowerment.

Methods: For this purpose, data obtained from 241 employees who work as engineers, architects and designer of both public agency and private sector in the Turkey were used to examine the hypothesized relationship among variables. Data are analyzed through the SPSS statistical packaged software.

Results: Result indicated that there is a significant and positive relationship among all variables and perceived psychological empowerment mediate the effects of creative climate on innovative work behavior.

Originality: Psychological empowerment has a crucial role in improving innovative work behavior. Because, as it is expected that creative climate is a precondition in order to uncover new things (product, process, etc.). However, perception of psychological empowerment will be supported creative climate within organization.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Creative Climate,Innovative Work Behavior,, Psychological Empowerment

Yaratıcı İklim İle Yenilikçi İş Davranışı Arasındaki İlişkide Psikolojik Sermayenin Aracı Rolu: Türkiye’de Çeşitli Sektörlerde Çalışanlar Üzerinde Bir Araştırma

Öz

Amaç: İşletme başarısı ve çalışan performansından dolayı yaratıcılık, yenilikçilik ve psikolojik güçlendirme 21. yy’ın örgütleri için önemli, anahtar bileşenlerdir. Bu bağlamda, bu araştırmada yaratıcılık, yenilikçilik ve psikolojik güçlendirme arasındaki ilişki açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Tasarım/Yöntem: Bu amaçla, Türkiye’de hem kamu hem de özel sektörde mühendis, mimar ya da tasarımcı olarak çalışan 241 kişiden elde edilen veriler değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamak için kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS Paket Programı aracılığı ile analiz edilmiştir.

Sonuçlar: Araştırmalar değişkenler arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişkinin var olduğunu ve psikolojik güçlendirme algısının yaratıcı iklim ve yenilikçi iş davranışı arasında aracı rol oynadığını göstermektedir.

Özgün Değer: Psikolojik güçlendirme yenilikçi iş davranışının gelişmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Çünkü, beklenildiği üzere yeni şeyler keşfetmek için yaratıcı iklim bir ön koşuldur (ürün, süreç vb.). Fakat, psikolojik güçlendirme algısı örgüt içinde yaratıcı iklimi destekleyecektir.

Amaç: İşletme başarısı ve çalışan performansından dolayı yaratıcılık, yenilikçilik ve psikolojik güçlendirme 21. yy’ın örgütleri için önemli, anahtar bileşenlerdir. Bu bağlamda, bu araştırmada yaratıcılık, yenilikçilik ve psikolojik güçlendirme arasındaki ilişki açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Tasarım/Yöntem: Bu amaçla, Türkiye’de hem kamu hem de özel sektörde mühendis, mimar ya da tasarımcı olarak çalışan 241 kişiden elde edilen veriler değişkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklamak için kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS Paket Programı aracılığı ile analiz edilmiştir.

Sonuçlar: Araştırmalar değişkenler arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişkinin var olduğunu ve psikolojik güçlendirme algısının yaratıcı iklim ve yenilikçi iş davranışı arasında aracı rol oynadığını göstermektedir.

Özgün Değer: Psikolojik güçlendirme yenilikçi iş davranışının gelişmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Çünkü, beklenildiği üzere yeni şeyler keşfetmek için yaratıcı iklim bir ön koşuldur (ürün, süreç vb.). Fakat, psikolojik güçlendirme algısı örgüt içinde yaratıcı iklimi destekleyecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yaratıcı iklim,yenilikçi iş davranışı,, psikolojik güçlendirme.

Kaynakça

1. Afsar, B., Badir, Y.F., Saeed, B.B. (2013). Transformational Leadership and Innovative Work Behavior. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 114(8), 1270 – 1300.
2. Amabile, T.M. (1988). A Model of Creativity and Innovation in Organizations. Research in Organizational Behavior, 10, 1988, 123-167.
3. Amabile, T.M. (1997). Motivating Creativity in Organizations: on Doing What You Love And Loving What You Do. California Management Review, 40(1), 39-58.
4. Amabile, T.M. (2010). KEYS to Creativity and Inovation, http://www.ccl.org.
5. Anderson, J. V.(1992). Weirder than Fiction: The Reality and Myths of Creativity. The Executive, 6(40).
6. Arogundade, O. T., Arogundade, A. B. (2015). Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Implications for Employees' Career Satisfaction. North Amerıcan Journal Of Psychology, 17(1), 27-36.
7. Arslantaş, C.C. (2008). Yöneticiye Duyulan Güvenin ve Psikolojik Güçlendirmenin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisini Belirlemeye Yönelik Görül Bir Araştırma. TİSK Akademi, 1, 101-117.
8. Balkar, B. (2015). The Relationships between Organizational Climate, Innovative Behavior and Job Performance of Teachers, International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 7 (2), 81-92.

9. Conger, J.A., and Kanungo, R.N. (1988). The Empowerment Process: Integrating Theory and Practice. Academy and Management Review, 13(3), 471-482.
10. Deci, E. L., and Ryan, R. M. (1987). The Support of Autonomy and The Control of Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53(6), 1024-1037.
11. Dutton, G. (1996). Enhancing Creativity. Management Review, 85(44).
12. Ekvall, G. (1995). Organizational Conditions and Levels of Creativity. Creativity and Innovation Management, 6(4), 195– 205.
13. Ekvall, G. (1996). Organizational Climate for Creativity and Innovation. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5, 105-123.
14. Elnaga, A.A., Imran, A. (2014). The Impact of Employee Empowerment on Job Satisfaction. American Journal of Research Communication, 2(1), 13-26.
15. Ford, C. M. (1996). A Theory of Individual Creative Action in Multiple Social Domains. Academy of Management Review, 21(4), 1112-1142.
16. Howell, J. M., Shea, C. M., and Higgins, C. A. (2005). Champions of product innovations: Defining, developing, and validating a measure of champion behavior. Journal of Business Venturing.
17. Isaksen, S. G., Lauer, K. J., Ekvall, G. & Britz, A. (2001). Perceptions of the Best and Worst Climates for Creativity: Preliminary Validation Evidence for the Situational Outlook Questionnaire. Creativity Research Journal, 13(171), 184.
18. Janssen, O. (2000). Job Demands, Perceptions of Effort-Reward Fairness and İnnovative Behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology, 73(3), 287-302.
19. Jong, D.J., Hartog, D.D. (2010). Measuring Innovatie Work Behavior. Creativity and Innovation Management,19(1), 23-36.
20. Kahreh, M., Ahmadi, H., and Hashemi, A. (2011) “Achieving Competitive Advantage through Empowering Employees: An Empirical Study”. Far East Research Centre, 3(2), 26-37.
21. Koçel, Tamer. (2010), İşletme Yöneticiliği, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
22. Lan, X.M., Chong, W.Y., (2015) The Mediating Role Of Psychological Empowerment Between Transformational Leadership And Employee Work Attitudes. Social And Behavioral Sciences, 172, 184 – 191.
23. Lauer, K. J. (1994). The Assessment of Creative Climate: An Investigation of the Ekvall Creative Climate Questionnaire. Master thesis, State University of New York.
24. Leong, C.T., Rasli, A. (2014). The Relationship Between Innovative Work Behavior on Work Role Performance: An Empirical Study. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 129, 592 – 600.
25. Li, X. and Zheng, Y. (2014). The Influential Factors of Employees’ Innovative Behavior and the Management Advices, Journal of Service Science and Management, 7, 446-450.
26. Luecke, R. (2003). Managing Creativity and Innovation. Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
27. Mafabi, S., Munune, John C., Ahiauzu, A. (2015). Creative Climate and Organizational Resilience: The Mediating Role of Innovation. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 23(4), 564-587.
28. Mahama, H., Cheng, H. M. (2013). The Effect Of Managers’ Enabling Perceptions On Costing System Use, Psychological Empowerment, And Task Performance. Behavioral Research in Accounting American Accounting Association, 25(1), 89–114.
29. Mathisen, G. E. & Einarsen, S.(2004). A Review of Instruments Assessing Creative and Innovative Environments within Organizations. Creativity Research Journal, 16, 119 – 140.
30. Menon, S.T. (2001). Employee Enpowerment: An Integrative Psychological Approach. Applied Psychology: An International Rewiev, 50(1), 153-180.
31. Oladipo, S.E. (2009). Psychologıcal Empowerment and Development. Edo Journal of Counselling, 2(1), 119-126.
32. Porzse, G., Takacs, S., Csedo, Z., Berta, Z., Sara, Z., Fejes, S.(2012). The Impact of Creative Organizational Climate on The Innovation Activity of Medical Devices Manufacturing Firms in Hungary. European Journal of Business and Management, 4(13).
33. Rawat, S.P. (2011). Effect of Psychological Empowerment on Commitment of Employees: An Empirical Study. 2nd International Conference on Humanities, Historical and Social Sciences IPEDR, 17, 2011.
34. Rezaie, A., Bagheri, G. (2014). Studying The Link Between Organizational Learning And Employees’ Empowerment (Case Study: Qom Maskan Bank Selected Braches). International Journal Of Management, Accounting And Economics. 1(2).
35. Seibert, S.E. Wang, G., Courtright, S.H. (2011). Antecedents And Consequences Of Psychological And Team Empowerment In Organizations: A Meta-Analytic Review. Journal Of Applied Psychology, 96 (5), 981–1003.
36. Sokol, A., Gozdek, A., Figurska, I., Blaskova, M. (2015). Organizational Climate of Higher Education Instutions and Its Implications for the Development of Creativity. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 182, 279-288.
37. Spreitzer, G. (1995). Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Dimension, Measurement and Validation. Academy of Management Journal, 38(5), 1442- 1465.
38. Srivastava, U.R., Sing, M. (2008). Psychologıcal Empowerment at Work Place. Global Journal of Business Management, 2(1).
39. Stoffers, J., Neessen, P., Dorp, P. (2015). Organizational Culture and Innovative Work Behavior: A Case Study of a Manufacturer of Packaging Machines. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 5, 198-207.
40. Taghipour, A., Dezfuli, Z.K., (2013). Innovative Behaviors: Mediate Mechanism of Job Attitudes. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 1617-1621.
41. Taştan, S. (2013). The Relationship between Psychological Empowerment and Psychological Well-being: The role of Self-efficacy Perception and Social Support. Öneri Dergisi 10(40), 139-154.
42. Taştan, S. B., Güçel, C. (2014). Explaining Intrapreneurial Behaviors of Employees with Perceived Organizational Climate and Testing The Mediating Role of Organizational Identification: A research Study among Employees of Turkish Innovative Firms. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 150, 862-871.
43. Taştan, S.B., Davoud, S. (2015). An Examination of the Relationship between Leader-Member Exchange and Innovative Work Behavior with the Moderating Role of Trust in Leader: A Study in the Turkish Context. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 181, 23-32.
44. Thomas, K. W., & Velthouse, B. A. (1990). Cognitive Elements of Empowerment: an "Interpretive" Model of Intrinsic Task Motivation. Academy of Management Review, 15, 666 -681.
45. Tseng, H.M., Liu, F.C. (2011). Assessing the Climate for Creativity (KEYS): Confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric examination of a Taiwan version. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 19(4), 438- 441.
46. Yunus, O.M., Bustaman, H.A., Akma, W.F., Rashdi, W.M. (2014). Conducive Business Environment: Local Government Innovative Work Behavior. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 129, 214- 220.
47. Zhang, X., and Bartol, K.M. (2010). Linking Empowering Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Influence of Psychological Empowerment, Intrinsic Motivation, and Creative Process Engagement, The Academy of Management Journal, 53(1), 107-128.
48. Zhou, J. & George, M.J., (2001). When job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: Encouraging the expression of voice. Academy of Management Journal, 44 (682).