Akademik Personel için A İş Doyumu Ölçeği'nin Geliştirilmesi ve Psikometrik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 38 - 45, 30.06.2020

Arkun Tatar , Sami Çamkerten , Gaye Saltukoğlu , Meltem Namlı

https://doi.org/10.25203/idd.722508

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, akademik personelin iş doyumunun değerlendirilmesine yönelik bir ölçek geliştirilmesi ve psikometrik özelliklerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Tasarım/Yöntem: İki uygulamadan oluşan çalışmanın ilkinde 90 maddelik madde havuzu oluşturulmuş ve veri toplanması işlemleri yürütülmüştür. Bu uygulamaya 27 ile 68 yaş arasında toplam 1139 akademik personel katılmıştır. Bu aşamada açıklayıcı faktör analizi, madde analizi ve madde cevap kuramı hesaplamaları sonucunda 25 madde seçilmiştir. İkinci uygulama 27 ile 67 yaş arasında toplam 718 akademik personel ile yürütülmüştür. Katılımcılara seçilen 25 maddelik form ile birlikte geçerlik çalışması için Minnesota İş Doyum Ölçeği ve Tükenmişlik Ölçeği verilmiştir.
Sonuçlar: İlk uygulamada havuz maddelerinden oluşan 90 maddelik formunun iç tutarlılık güvenirlik katsayısının 0,92, seçilen 25 maddelik formun iç tutarlılık güvenirlik katsayısının 0,91 olduğu görülmüştür. İkinci uygulamada ise geliştirilen ölçeğin iç tutarlılık güvenirlik katsayısı 0,88 olarak hesaplanmıştır. İkinci uygulamada ölçeğin iki yarım test güvenirlik analizinde alfa katsayısı birinci yarı için 0,78, ikinci yarı için 0,80 ve iki yarı arası korelasyon değeri 0,82 olarak belirlenmiştir. Eşit olmayan iki yarı için Spearman-Brown ve Gutmann iki yarı test katsayıları da 0,90 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Geliştirilen ölçekle Minnesota İş Doyum Ölçeği arasında 0,71, Tükenmişlik Ölçeği arasında -0,42 korelasyon katsayısı hesaplanmıştır.
Özgün Değer: Elde edilen bulgular geliştirilen ölçeğin temel psikometrik özellikleri karşıladığını ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

akademik iş doyumu, iş doyumu, akademik personel

Kaynakça

• Agana, D. F., Porter, M., Hatch, R., Rubin, D., & Carek, P. (2017). Job satisfaction among academic family physicians. Family Medicine, 49(8), 622-625.
• Alessandri, G., Borgogni, L., & Latham, G. P. (2017). A dynamic model of the longitudinal relationship between job satisfaction and supervisor-rated job performance. Applied Psychology, 66(2), 207-232.
• Alshmemri, M., Shahwan-Akl, L., & Maude, P. (2017). Herzberg’s two-factor theory. Life Science Journal, 14(5), 12-16.
• Ardıç, K., & Polatcı, S. (2008). Tükenmişlik sendromu akademisyenler üzerinde bir uygulama (GOÜ Örneği). İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 1-28.
• Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Judge, T. A. (2001). Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium: what do we know and where do we go next? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9(1-2), 9-30.
• Basak, S. K., & Govender, D. W. (2015). Theoretical framework of the factors affecting university academics job satisfaction. International Business and Economics Research Journal, 14(2), 317-326.
• Baycan, A. (1985). An analysis of the several aspects of job satisfaction between different occupational groups. Boğaziçi Üniversitesi SBE Doktora Tezi, İstanbul.
• Bilge, F. (2006). Examining the burnout of academics in relation to job satisfaction and other factors. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 34(9), 1151-1160.
• Bilgiç, R. (2008). İş Özellikleri Kuramı: geniş kapsamlı gözden geçirme. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11(22), 66-77.
• Bowen, B. E., & Radhakrishna, R. B. (1991). Job satisfaction of agricultural education faculty: a constant phenomena. Journal of Agricultural Education, 32(2), 16-22.
• Bowling, N. A. (2007). Is the job satisfaction-job performance relationship spurious? a meta-analytic examination. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 71(2), 167-185.
• Brown, S. P., & Peterson, R. A. (1994). The effect of effort on sales performance and job satisfaction. Journal of Marketing, 58(2), 70-80.
• Bruck, C. S., Allen, T. D., & Spector, P. E. (2002). The relation between work-family conflict and job satisfaction: a finer-grained analysis. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 60(3), 336-353.
• Burt, C. D. B. (2015). Job satisfaction. In Flood, P. C., & Freeney, Y (Eds.). Wiley Encyclopedia of Management (Vol. 11) (3.ed) (pp. 1-3). West Sussex: Wiley.
• Chen, X., Ran, L., Zhang, Y., Yang, J., Yao, H., Zhu, S., & Tan, X. (2019). Moderating role of job satisfaction on turnover intention and burnout among workers in primary care institutions: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1526.
• Chun, Y. H., Choi, S., & Song, M. (2019). Analyzing the link between job satisfaction and performance in educational institutions. International Journal of Public Administration, 42(9), 707-722.
• Coetzee, N., Maree, D. J. F., & Smit, B. N. (2019). The relationship between chronic fatigue syndrome, burnout, job satisfaction, social support and age among academics at a tertiary institution. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, 32(1), 75-85.
• Connolly, J. J., & Viswesvaran, C. (2000). The role of affectivity in job satisfaction: a meta analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(2), 265-281.
• Costen, W. M. (2012). Job satisfaction. In Prescott, R. K. (Ed.), The encyclopedia of human resource management: short entries (Vol. 1), (pp. 292-295). San Fransisco: Pfeiffer.
• Çapri, B. (2006). Tükenmişlik ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 2(1), 62-77.
• Çavuş, M. F., Gök, T., & Kurtay, F. (2007). Tükenmişlik: meslek yüksekokulu akademik personeli üzerine bir araştırma. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(2), 97-108.
• Dağdeviren, N., Musaoğlu, Z., Ömürlü, İ. K., & Öztora, S. (2011). Akademisyenlerde iş doyumunu etkileyen faktörler. Balkan Medical Journal, 28(4), 69-74.
• Dartey-Baah, K., & Amoako, G. K. (2011). Application of Frederick Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory in assessing and understanding employee motivation at work, a Ghanaian Perspective. European Journal of Business and Management, 3(9), 1-8.
• Duffy, R. D., & Lent, R. W (2009). Test of a social cognitive model of work satisfaction in teachers. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 75(2), 212-223.
• Ewen, R. B. (1964). Some determinants of job satisfaction: a study of the generality of Herzberg's theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 48(3), 161-163.
• Ewen, R. B., Smith, P. C., Hulin, C. L., Locke, E. A. (1966). An empirical test of the Herzberg two-factor theory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 50(6), 544-550.
• Federici, R. A., & Skaalvik, E. M. (2012). Principal self-efficacy: relations with burnout, job satisfaction and motivation to quit. Social Psychology of Education, 15(3), 295-320.
• Ferretti, M. S., & Argentero, P. (2018). Assessing the psychometric properties of the Managerial Job Satisfaction Scale-MJSS-16: a multi-country analysis. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 34(5), 295.
• Garcia, R. G., Sangregorio, M. A., & Sanchez, M. L. (2018). Evaluation of job satisfaction in a sample of Spanish social workers through the ‘Job Satisfaction Survey’ scale. European Journal of Social Work, 21(1), 140–-154.
• Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. B. (2017). The motivation to work. New Jersey: Routledge.
• House, R. J., & Wigdor, L. A. (1967). Herzberg's dual-factor theory of job satisfaction and motivation: A review of the evidence and a criticism. Personnel Psychology, 20(4), 369-390.
• Hulin, C. L, & Judge, T. A. (2003). Job attitudes. Borman, W. C., Ilgen, D. R., & Klimoski, R. J (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: industrial and organizational psychology, (Vol. 12.) (pp. 255-276). New Jersey: Wiley.
• Humphrey, S. E., Nahrgang, J. D., & Morgeson, F. P. (2007). Integrating motivational, social, and contextual work design features: a meta-analytic summary and theoretical extension of the work design literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(5), 1332-1356.
• Hur, Y. (2018). Testing Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation in the public sector: is it applicable to public managers?. Public Organization Review, 18(3), 329-343.
• Ineme, K. M., & Ineme, M. E. (2016). Impact of job satisfaction and burnout on attitudes towards strike action among employees of a Nigerian University. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 38(6), 664-675.
• Jex, S. M., & Britt, T. W. (2014). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Organizational psychology: a scientist-practitioner approach (2. ed) (pp. 131-165). New Jersey: Wiley.
• Jiang, Y. (2017). A study on the relationship between english teachers’ job satisfaction and job burnout. In A study on professional development of teachers of english as a foreign language in institutions of higher education in western China (pp. 323-357). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
• Khan, A. H., Nawaz, M. M., Aleem, M., & Hamed, W. (2012). Impact of job satisfaction on employee performance: an empirical study of autonomous Medical Institutions of Pakistan. African Journal of Business Management, 6(7), 2697-2705.
• Lazarescu, I., Dubray, B., Joulakian, M. B., Blanchard, P., Chauvet, B., Mahé, M. A., ... & Thureau, S. (2018). Prevalence of burnout, depression and job satisfaction among French senior and resident radiation oncologists. Cancer/Radiothérapie, 22(8), 784-789.
• Lent, R. W., & Brown, S. D. (2006). Integrating person and situation perspectives on work satisfaction: social-cognitive view. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 69(2), 236-247.
• Lent, R. W., Nota, L., Soresi, S., Ginevra, M. C., Duffy, R. D., & Brown, S. D. (2011). Predicting the job and life satisfaction of Italian teachers: test of a social cognitive model. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(1), 91-97.
• Liu, H. L., & Lo, V. H. (2018). An integrated model of workload, autonomy, burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intention among Taiwanese reporters. Asian Journal of Communication, 28(2), 153-169.
• Lu, A. C. C., & Gursoy, D. (2016). Impact of job burnout on satisfaction and turnover intention: do generational differences matter?. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Research, 40(2), 210-235.
• Lu, H., While, A. E., & Barriball, K. L. (2005). Job satisfaction among nurses: a literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 42(2), 211-227.
• Maslach, C., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2017). Historical and conceptual development of burnout. In Schaufeli, W. B., Maslach, C., & Marek, T (Eds.), Professional burnout (pp. 1-16). Abingdon, UK: Routledge.
• Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397-422.
• Miller, H. A., Mire, S., & Kim, B. (2009). Predictors of job satisfaction among police officers, does personality matter?. Journal of Criminal Justice, 37(5), 419-426.
• Nazari, H., Jariani, M., Beiranvand, S., Saki, M., Aghajeri, N., & Ebrahimzadeh, F. (2016). The prevalence of job stress and its relationship with burnout syndrome among the academic members of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Caring Sciences, 5(1), 75-84.
• Neumann, Y., & Finaly-Neumann, E. (1991). Determinants and correlates of faculty burn-out in US research universities. Journal of Educational Administration, 29(3), 80-92.
• Noordin, F., & Jusoff, K. (2009). Levels of job satisfaction amongst Malaysian academic staff. Asian Social Science, 5(5), 122-128.
• Oshagbemi, T. (1997). Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction in higher education. Education + Training, 39(9), 354-359.
• Özpehlivan, M., & Acar, A. Z. (2016). Development and validation of a multidimensional job satisfaction scale in different cultures. Cogent Social Sciences, 2(1), 1237003.
• Park, Y., Seo, D. G., Park, J., Bettini, E., & Smith, J. (2016). Predictors of job satisfaction among individuals with disabilities: an analysis of South Korea's National Survey of employment for the disabled. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 53-54, 198-212.
• Parveen, H., & Bano, M. (2019). Relationship between teachers’ stress and job satisfaction: moderating role of teachers’ emotions. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 34(2), 353-366.
• Peng, J., Li, D., Zhang, Z., Tian, Y., Miao, D., Xiao, W., & Zhang, J. (2016). How can core self-evaluations influence job burnout? The key roles of organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Journal of Health Psychology, 21(1), 50-59.
• Riggio, R. E. (2012). Motivation. Introduction to industrial and organizational psychology (6. ed.) (pp.188-215). Boston: Pearson.
• Riggio, R. E. (2012). Positive employee attitudes and behaviors. Introduction to industrial and organizational psychology (6. ed.) (pp. 216-246). Boston: Pearson.
• Sanjeev, M. A., & Surya, A. V. (2016). Two factor theory of motivation and satisfaction: an empirical verification. Annals of Data Science, 3(2), 155-173.
• Schulze, S. (2006). Factors influencing the job satisfaction of academics in higher education. South African Journal of Higher Education, 20(2), 318-335.
• Scott, B. A., & Judge, T. A. (2006). Insomnia, emotions, and job satisfaction: a multilevel study. Journal of Management, 32(5), 622-645.
• Sestili, C., Scalingi, S., Cianfanelli, S., Mannocci, A., del Cimmuto, A., de Sio, S., ….la Torre, G. (2018). Reliability and use of Copenhagen Burnout Inventory in Italian sample of university professors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(8), article id: 1708.
• Smerek, R. E., & Peterson, M. (2007). Examining Herzberg’s theory: Improving job satisfaction among non-academic employees at a university. Research in Higher Education, 48(2), 229-250.
• Ssesanga, K., & Garrett, R. M. (2005). Job satisfaction of university academics: perspectives from Uganda. Higher Education, 50(1), 33-56.
• Tan, T. H., & Waheed, A. (2011). Herzberg's motivation-hygiene theory and job satisfaction in the Malaysian retail sector, the mediating effect of love of money. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 16(1), 73-94.
• Valaei, N., & Jiroudi, S. (2016). Job satisfaction and job performance in the media industry. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 28(5), 984-1014
• Weiss, D. J., Dawis, R. V., England, G. W., & Lofquist, L. H. (1967). Manual for the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire: Minnesota studies in vocational rehabilitation. Minneapolis: Industrial Relations Center, University of Minnesota.
• Willem, A., Buelens, M., & Jonghe, I. D. (2007). Impact of organizational structure on nurses’ job satisfaction, a questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 44(6), 1011-1020.
• Ybema, J. F., Smulders, P. G., & Bongers, P. M. (2010). Antecedents and consequences of employee absenteeism: a longitudinal perspective on the role of job satisfaction and burnout. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 19(1), 102-124.