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İklim Krizini Hak Temelli Yaklaşım Özelinde Değerlendirme

Yıl 2022, , 1535 - 1565, 14.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1139377

Öz

İklim krizi, insan haklarını ihlal eden ve bu hakları doğrudan ya da dolaylı olarak etkileyen küresel bir çevre sorunudur. İklim krizinin insan hakları üzerindeki olumsuz etkilerini önlemek için devletlerin ayrım gözetmeksizin tüm insanların haklarına saygı gösterme, haklarını koruma ve teşvik etme yükümlülüğü vardır. İklim krizinin neden olduğu insan haklarına yönelik zararları önlenmesi hususunda gerekli ve yeterli önlemlerin alınmaması da bu yükümlülüğü ihlal eden bir unsurdur. İklim krizine ve bu krizin etkilerine karşı oluşturulan hak temelli yaklaşım iklim krizine karşı evrensel temel haklara dayalı bir müdahalenin yapılması gerektiğini savunur ve iklim krizinin temel haklara verdiği olumsuz etkileri mümkünse ortadan kaldırmayı hedef edinir. Çalışma bu kapsamda iklim rejimini oluşturan temel hukuki metinlerden yola çıkarak hak temelli yaklaşımın rolünü ve önemini ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, insan hakları ve iklim krizi arasındaki ilişki ortaya konularak sorunla mücadelede hak temelli yaklaşımın önemi vurgulanmış ve her bir hakkın iklim değişikliğiyle mücadeleye önemli bir temel sağlayacağı öngörülmüştür. Çalışmada iklim krizine hak temelli yaklaşım temelinde bakmanın iklim rejiminin vazgeçilemez bir ilkesi olması gerektiği ve bu anlayışın iklim rejiminde daha iyi bir temele yerleştiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Atapattu, S. (2016). Human rights approach to climate change: challenges and opportunuties. Routledge: Londan&New York.
  • Benton, G. ve Bieg C. (2021). Food system impacts on biodiversity loss: three levers for food system transformation in support of nature, Clatham House, Erişim: https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/2021-02-03-food-system-biodiversity-loss-benton-et-al_0.pdf, E.T. 21.05.2022.
  • Broberg, M. ve Sano, H-O (2017). Strengths and weaknesses in a human rights based approach to international development - an analysis of a rights-based approach to development assistance based on practical experiences, The International Journal of Human Rights, 22:5, 664-680, Erişim: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13642987.2017.1408591?needAccess=true, E.T. 20.02.2022.
  • Chancel, L. ve Piketty, T (2022). World inequality report 2022, World Inequality Lab, UNDP. Çolakoğlu, E. (2011). Emmiyetli içme suyu ve sanitasyon hakkı, Mülkiye Dergisi, XXXV (272), 217-238.
  • Dara and Climate Vulnerable Forum (2012). Climate vulnerability monitor 2a guide to the cold calculus of a hot planet, Erişim adresi: http://daraint.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/CVM2-Low.pdf.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2015). Climate change and food security: Risks and responses, https://www.fao.org/3/i5188e/I5188E.pdf, E.T. 25.07.2022.
  • Gasparri, G., Omrani, O., Hinton, R., İmbago, D., Lakhani, H., Mohan, A, Yeung, W., Bustreo F. (2021). Children, adolescents and youth pioneering a human rights-based approach to climate change. Health and Human Rights Journal, 23(2), 95-108.
  • Global Commission on Adaptation (2019). Adapt now: a global call for leadership on climate resilience, Erişim: https://gca.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/GlobalCommission_Report_FINAL.pdf. E.T. 18.05.2022.
  • Godfrey, S. ve Tunhuma, F.A. (2020) The climate crisis: climate change impacts, trends and vulnerabilities of children in Sub Sahara Africa, United Nations Children’s Fund Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office, Nairobi.
  • Hochman, Z. ve Gobbett, D.L. (2017). Climate trends account for stalled wheat yields in Australia since 1990. Global Change Biology, 23.
  • Human Right 2 Water (2021). Human rights based approach: A practical guide for the realisation of the human rights to water and sanitation through programming, Erişim: http://humanright2water.org/blog/2021/03/19/a-human-rights-based-approach-manual/, E.T. 12.08.2022.
  • Human Rights Watch (2015). There is no time left, Erişim: https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/10/15/there-no-time-left/climate-change-environmental-threats-and-human-rights-turkana, E.T. 04.07.2022.
  • IDMC (2022). Global Report on Internal Displacement 2022, Children and youth in internal displacement report, Erişim: https://www.internal-displacement.org/global report/grid2022, E.T. 15.06.2022.
  • IPCC (2022). Climate change 2022: ımpacts, adaptation and vulnerability, Sixth Assessment Report, UNEP.
  • Mboya, A. (2018). Human rights and the global climate change regime, Natural Resources Journal, 58 (1).
  • Mclnerney- Lankford, S. (2009). Human rights: an ıntroduction to legal ıssues, harvard environmental law review, 33(2): 431-437.
  • Mclnerney-Lankford, S., Darrow, M., Rajamani, L. (2011). Human rights and climate change: a review of the international legal dimensions. World Bank: Washington, DC.
  • Moore, F.C. ve Lobell D.B. (2015). The fingerprint of climate trends on european crop yields. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 9.
  • OHCHR (2006). Frequently asked questions on a human-based approach to development cooperation. United Nation: NewYork&Geneva.
  • OHCHR (2010). Applying human rights-based approach to climate change negotiations, policies and measures, Erişim: https://www.ohchr.org/documents/issues/climatechange/infonotehrba.pdf, E.T. 12.06.2022.
  • OHCHR (2016). Understanding human rights and climate change, Erişim:https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/ClimateChange/COP21.pdf, E.T. 21.07.2022.
  • OHCHR (2019). Five UN human rights treaty bodies ıssue a joint statement on human rights and climate change, Erişim: https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2019/09/five-un-human-rights-treaty-bodies-issue-joint-statement-human-rights-and, E.T. 14.0 8.2022.
  • Orellana, M. A., Boyd, D. R., Mahler, C. (2021). Amicus curiae brief, Verein Klima Seniorinnen Schweiz et. al. v. Switzerland. Application No:53600/20, European Courts of Human Rights, Third Section.
  • The Paris Agreement (2015), Erişim: https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/paris-agreement, E.T. 23.04.2022.
  • Parling, I. (2021). Human rights and climate change: states violating the right to life by not cutting emissions?. The Sweedish Institute of International Affairs.
  • Porter, J.R. ve L. Xie L. (2014). Food security and food production systems. In: Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
  • Rigaud, K. K. ve Sherbinin, A. (2018). Groundswell: Preparing for Internal Climate Migration. World Bank, Washington, DC., Erişim: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29461, E.T. 16.07.2022.
  • Roschmann, C. (2021). İklim değişikliği ve insan hakları. Çev. Engin Fırat, Ankara Üniv. Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 70(4), 1155-1198.
  • Swiss Agency for Development (2008). A human rights-based approach to water and sanitation, Briefing Paper, SDC.
  • The Guardian (2014). Dutch government ordered to cut carbon emissions in landmark ruling, Erişim: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/24/dutch-government-ordered-cut-carbon-emissions-landmark-ruling, E.T. 29.06.2022.
  • The Guardian (2021). Belgium’s climate failures violate human rights, Court Rules, Erişim: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/18/belgium-climate-policy-violates-human-rights-court-rules, E.T. 16.06.2022.
  • UN Human Rights Council, Resolution on the Environment and Human Rights, UN Doc. A/HRC/46/L.6/Rev.1, 17 March 2021.
  • United Nations (1972). Report of the United Nations Conference on Human Environment, Stockholm, 5-6 June, UN: New York.
  • United Nations (2011). Report of the conference of the parties on its sixteenth session, held in Cancun from 29 November to 10 December 2010, UNFCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1
  • United Nations (2019). UN report of the special rapporteur on sustainable development goals and the right to food, A/74/164.
  • United Nations Environment Programme (2019). Environment rule of environmental rule of law: first global report, Erişim: https://www.unep.org/resources/assessment/environmental-rule-law-first-global-report, E.T. 28.07.2022.
  • United Nation Population Fund (2022) The human rights-based approach, Erişim: https://www.unfpa.org/human-rights-based-approach, E.T. 05.08.2022.
  • UN-Water (2019). Human rights to water and sanitation, Erişim: https://www.unwater.org/app/uploads/2018/10/WaterFacts_water_and_human_rights_sep2018.pdf, E.T. 21.07.2022.
  • United Nations, OHCHR, UN-HABITAT, WHO (2010). The right to water, fact sheet No. 35, Erişim: https://www.ohchr.org/en/publications/fact-sheets/fact-sheet-no-35-right-water, E.T. 17.06.2022.
  • World Health Organisation (2014). Quantitative risk assessment of the effects of climate change on selected causes of death, 2030s and 2050s, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241507691, E.T. 06.07.2022.
  • Wright, B.D. (2011). The economics of grain price volatility, Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 33(1).
  • Yeşil Gazete (2022). Brezilya’dan bir ilk: Paris Anlaşması bir insan hakları sözleşmesidir, ihlal edilemez, Erişim: https://yesilgazete.org/brezilyadan-bir-ilk-paris-anlasmasi-bir-insan-haklari-sozlesmesidir-ihlal-edilemez/, E.T.03.08.2022.

Evaluation of the Human Rights Based Approach to Climate Crisis

Yıl 2022, , 1535 - 1565, 14.11.2022
https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1139377

Öz

Climate crisis is a global environmental problem that violates human rights directly or indirectly. In order to prevent the negative effects of the climate crisis on human rights, states have an obligation to respect, protect and promote the rights of all people without discrimination. Sufficient measures to prevent the harms to human rights caused by the climate crisis is another factor violates this obligation. The rights-based approach and universal fundamental rights should be made against the climate crisis and aims to eliminate the negative effects of the crisis on fundamental rights. In this context, the study aims to reveal the role of the rights-based approach based on the basic legal texts that make up the climate regime. In the study, the relationship between human rights and the climate crisis was revealed and it was predicted that each right would provide an important basis for the fight against climate change. It has been concluded that the climate crisis on the basis of a rights-based approach should be an indispensable principle of the climate regime. This understanding is placed on a better basis in the climate regime.

Kaynakça

  • Atapattu, S. (2016). Human rights approach to climate change: challenges and opportunuties. Routledge: Londan&New York.
  • Benton, G. ve Bieg C. (2021). Food system impacts on biodiversity loss: three levers for food system transformation in support of nature, Clatham House, Erişim: https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/2021-02/2021-02-03-food-system-biodiversity-loss-benton-et-al_0.pdf, E.T. 21.05.2022.
  • Broberg, M. ve Sano, H-O (2017). Strengths and weaknesses in a human rights based approach to international development - an analysis of a rights-based approach to development assistance based on practical experiences, The International Journal of Human Rights, 22:5, 664-680, Erişim: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/13642987.2017.1408591?needAccess=true, E.T. 20.02.2022.
  • Chancel, L. ve Piketty, T (2022). World inequality report 2022, World Inequality Lab, UNDP. Çolakoğlu, E. (2011). Emmiyetli içme suyu ve sanitasyon hakkı, Mülkiye Dergisi, XXXV (272), 217-238.
  • Dara and Climate Vulnerable Forum (2012). Climate vulnerability monitor 2a guide to the cold calculus of a hot planet, Erişim adresi: http://daraint.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/CVM2-Low.pdf.
  • Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2015). Climate change and food security: Risks and responses, https://www.fao.org/3/i5188e/I5188E.pdf, E.T. 25.07.2022.
  • Gasparri, G., Omrani, O., Hinton, R., İmbago, D., Lakhani, H., Mohan, A, Yeung, W., Bustreo F. (2021). Children, adolescents and youth pioneering a human rights-based approach to climate change. Health and Human Rights Journal, 23(2), 95-108.
  • Global Commission on Adaptation (2019). Adapt now: a global call for leadership on climate resilience, Erişim: https://gca.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/GlobalCommission_Report_FINAL.pdf. E.T. 18.05.2022.
  • Godfrey, S. ve Tunhuma, F.A. (2020) The climate crisis: climate change impacts, trends and vulnerabilities of children in Sub Sahara Africa, United Nations Children’s Fund Eastern and Southern Africa Regional Office, Nairobi.
  • Hochman, Z. ve Gobbett, D.L. (2017). Climate trends account for stalled wheat yields in Australia since 1990. Global Change Biology, 23.
  • Human Right 2 Water (2021). Human rights based approach: A practical guide for the realisation of the human rights to water and sanitation through programming, Erişim: http://humanright2water.org/blog/2021/03/19/a-human-rights-based-approach-manual/, E.T. 12.08.2022.
  • Human Rights Watch (2015). There is no time left, Erişim: https://www.hrw.org/report/2015/10/15/there-no-time-left/climate-change-environmental-threats-and-human-rights-turkana, E.T. 04.07.2022.
  • IDMC (2022). Global Report on Internal Displacement 2022, Children and youth in internal displacement report, Erişim: https://www.internal-displacement.org/global report/grid2022, E.T. 15.06.2022.
  • IPCC (2022). Climate change 2022: ımpacts, adaptation and vulnerability, Sixth Assessment Report, UNEP.
  • Mboya, A. (2018). Human rights and the global climate change regime, Natural Resources Journal, 58 (1).
  • Mclnerney- Lankford, S. (2009). Human rights: an ıntroduction to legal ıssues, harvard environmental law review, 33(2): 431-437.
  • Mclnerney-Lankford, S., Darrow, M., Rajamani, L. (2011). Human rights and climate change: a review of the international legal dimensions. World Bank: Washington, DC.
  • Moore, F.C. ve Lobell D.B. (2015). The fingerprint of climate trends on european crop yields. The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 9.
  • OHCHR (2006). Frequently asked questions on a human-based approach to development cooperation. United Nation: NewYork&Geneva.
  • OHCHR (2010). Applying human rights-based approach to climate change negotiations, policies and measures, Erişim: https://www.ohchr.org/documents/issues/climatechange/infonotehrba.pdf, E.T. 12.06.2022.
  • OHCHR (2016). Understanding human rights and climate change, Erişim:https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/ClimateChange/COP21.pdf, E.T. 21.07.2022.
  • OHCHR (2019). Five UN human rights treaty bodies ıssue a joint statement on human rights and climate change, Erişim: https://www.ohchr.org/en/statements/2019/09/five-un-human-rights-treaty-bodies-issue-joint-statement-human-rights-and, E.T. 14.0 8.2022.
  • Orellana, M. A., Boyd, D. R., Mahler, C. (2021). Amicus curiae brief, Verein Klima Seniorinnen Schweiz et. al. v. Switzerland. Application No:53600/20, European Courts of Human Rights, Third Section.
  • The Paris Agreement (2015), Erişim: https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/paris-agreement, E.T. 23.04.2022.
  • Parling, I. (2021). Human rights and climate change: states violating the right to life by not cutting emissions?. The Sweedish Institute of International Affairs.
  • Porter, J.R. ve L. Xie L. (2014). Food security and food production systems. In: Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation, and vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
  • Rigaud, K. K. ve Sherbinin, A. (2018). Groundswell: Preparing for Internal Climate Migration. World Bank, Washington, DC., Erişim: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/29461, E.T. 16.07.2022.
  • Roschmann, C. (2021). İklim değişikliği ve insan hakları. Çev. Engin Fırat, Ankara Üniv. Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 70(4), 1155-1198.
  • Swiss Agency for Development (2008). A human rights-based approach to water and sanitation, Briefing Paper, SDC.
  • The Guardian (2014). Dutch government ordered to cut carbon emissions in landmark ruling, Erişim: https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/jun/24/dutch-government-ordered-cut-carbon-emissions-landmark-ruling, E.T. 29.06.2022.
  • The Guardian (2021). Belgium’s climate failures violate human rights, Court Rules, Erişim: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jun/18/belgium-climate-policy-violates-human-rights-court-rules, E.T. 16.06.2022.
  • UN Human Rights Council, Resolution on the Environment and Human Rights, UN Doc. A/HRC/46/L.6/Rev.1, 17 March 2021.
  • United Nations (1972). Report of the United Nations Conference on Human Environment, Stockholm, 5-6 June, UN: New York.
  • United Nations (2011). Report of the conference of the parties on its sixteenth session, held in Cancun from 29 November to 10 December 2010, UNFCCC/CP/2010/7/Add.1
  • United Nations (2019). UN report of the special rapporteur on sustainable development goals and the right to food, A/74/164.
  • United Nations Environment Programme (2019). Environment rule of environmental rule of law: first global report, Erişim: https://www.unep.org/resources/assessment/environmental-rule-law-first-global-report, E.T. 28.07.2022.
  • United Nation Population Fund (2022) The human rights-based approach, Erişim: https://www.unfpa.org/human-rights-based-approach, E.T. 05.08.2022.
  • UN-Water (2019). Human rights to water and sanitation, Erişim: https://www.unwater.org/app/uploads/2018/10/WaterFacts_water_and_human_rights_sep2018.pdf, E.T. 21.07.2022.
  • United Nations, OHCHR, UN-HABITAT, WHO (2010). The right to water, fact sheet No. 35, Erişim: https://www.ohchr.org/en/publications/fact-sheets/fact-sheet-no-35-right-water, E.T. 17.06.2022.
  • World Health Organisation (2014). Quantitative risk assessment of the effects of climate change on selected causes of death, 2030s and 2050s, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241507691, E.T. 06.07.2022.
  • Wright, B.D. (2011). The economics of grain price volatility, Applied Economic Perspectives and Policy, 33(1).
  • Yeşil Gazete (2022). Brezilya’dan bir ilk: Paris Anlaşması bir insan hakları sözleşmesidir, ihlal edilemez, Erişim: https://yesilgazete.org/brezilyadan-bir-ilk-paris-anlasmasi-bir-insan-haklari-sozlesmesidir-ihlal-edilemez/, E.T.03.08.2022.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ezgi Kovancı 0000-0003-1434-2581

Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Kovancı, E. (2022). İklim Krizini Hak Temelli Yaklaşım Özelinde Değerlendirme. İDEALKENT, 13(37), 1535-1565. https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1139377