İklim Değişikliği ve Yapılı Çevre: Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları ve Net Sıfır Karbon Binalar (NZCB) Yaklaşımının İncelenmesi

Öz

İklim değişikliğinin doğal ve yapılı çevre üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri günden güne artmaktadır. Son yıllarda özellikle kent ölçeğinde binalar, ulaşım, atık ve altyapı sistemleri sektörlerinde bu negatif etkiler ile mücadele yöntemleri değişim sürecine girmiş ve ülkeler tarafından geliştirilen iklim değişikliğine yönelik uyum ve azaltım stratejileri uygulanmaya başlamıştır. Kent ve mimari ölçeklerdeki yaklaşımlarda bu sektörlere yönelik sürdürülebilir bir çaba ile ortaya koyulan uygulamalar görmek mümkündür. Net Sıfır Karbon Bina (NZCB) yaklaşımı, mimari perspektiften bakılınca yeni olmayan ancak birçok farklı “yeşil bina” yaklaşımından sonra son 10 yılda iklim değişikliği ile mücadele sürecinde yenilenerek karşımıza çıkan bir sürdürülebilir mimari uygulama yöntemidir. Bu çalışma iklim değişikliği ile mücadele sürecini Birleşmiş Milletler (BM) tarafından ortaya konan 17 adet Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları (SKA), Hükümetler Arası İklim Değişikliği Paneli (IPCC) Raporları ve NZCB yaklaşımının ortaya çıkışı çerçevesinde incelemektedir. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler, SKA’ların NZCB yaklaşımının gündeme gelmesinde önemli bir rolü olduğunu göstermektedir. Araştırma bünyesinde çeşitli literatür taraması verilerinden yola çıkarak, sürdürülebilir mimari yaklaşımlar ve uygulamalarda en son tartışılan NZCB yaklaşımı için bir zaman çizelgesi de oluşturulmuştur. NZCB yaklaşımı ve çevresel etkileri ile ilgili verileri ortaya koyabilmek, minimum karbon salım hedeflerini etkileyecek şekilde uygulamalar yapabilmek için aynı zamanda paralel olarak IPCC raporlarının incelenmesi, SKA çıktılarının her aşamada değerlendirilmesi uygulama projeleri için önemlidir. Bundan dolayı bu çalışma ile sürdürülebilir gelecek için hedefler barındıran dirençli kentler ve binalar için Net Sıfır Karbon Yaklaşımını yeni, güçlü ve efor gerektiren bir tasarım yaklaşımı olarak ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Net Sıfır Karbon Binalar
• İklim Değişikliği
• Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları.

Climate Change and The Built Environment: Sustainable Development Goals and Evaulation of The Net Zero Carbon Building (NZCB) Design Approach

Öz

The adverse effects of climate change on both natural and built environments are increasing day by day. In recent years, especially at the urban scale, methods to combat these negative effects have undergone a process of change in sectors such as buildings, transportation, waste, and infrastructure systems. Climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies developed by countries have begun to be implemented. In recent years, adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate change have been developed and implemented by countries. It is possible to see practices put forth with a sustainable effort towards these sectors in urban and architectural scales. The Net Zero Carbon Building (NZCB) approach, although not new from an architectural perspective, has evolved over the past decade as a sustainable architectural practice method in the combat against climate change, following many different "green building" approaches. It represents a new approach to the built environment. This study examines the process of combating climate change through the viewpoints of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) put forward by the United Nations (UN), the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Reports, and the emergence of the NZCB approach. The data obtained in the research shows that the SDGs have played a significant role in bringing the NZCB approach to the forefront. Within the scope of this research based on various literature review data, a timeline for sustainable architectural approaches and practices, including the latest discussion on NZCB, has been established. To be able to present data regarding the NZCB approach and its environmental impacts, it is important to simultaneously review IPCC reports, and evaluate SKA outputs at every stage of implementation projects to make applications that will influence minimum carbon emission targets. Therefore, this study aims to present the Net Zero Carbon Approach as a new, robust, and effort-demanding design approach for resilient cities and buildings harboring goals for a sustainable future.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Net zero carbon buildings
• climate change
• sustainable development goals

Kaynakça

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