Locally Confined Territorial Stigmatization: The Case of “Gypsy” Stigma

Yıl 2019, , 214 - 253, 14.05.2019

Özlem Akkaya , Egemen Yılgür

https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.431380

Cited By: 2

Öz

Wacquant (2008) argues that the city has become
the scene of novel patterns of segregating and stigmatizing ethnic or class
groups on a territorial basis in developed countries in the post-industrial
era. Drawing on the insights he offers, this study examined the existence of a
similar mechanism of urban territorial stigmatization in Turkey, yet as a
“developing country.” It compared the cases of territorial stigmatization in
two urban quarters of İstanbul: Nişantaşı Teneke and Rumelikavağı Kayadere. A
secondary analysis of the available data about these quarters collected by the
authors during their recent field studies and also during some archive
research, albeit to a more limited degree, revealed that the “Gypsy” stigma
attached to them has largely determined their formation and trajectory in
interaction with their socio-historical contingencies. It also showed that
unlike the cases reported by Wacquant (2008) as regards to developed countries,
these stigmatized urban districts in Turkey are not simply the outcome of the
process of deindustrialization that accompanies neoliberalism but that their
history goes back to the late 19^th century. Accordingly, the authors
introduced a more nuanced sub-term to handle the aforementioned socio-spatial
phenomenon: locally confined territorial stigmatization.

Anahtar Kelimeler

marginalization, discrimination, segregation, Territorial stigmatization, “Gypsy” stigma, segregation

Yerel Düzeyle Sınırlı Mekânsal Damgalama: “Çingene” Damgası Örneği

Öz

Wacquant’a göre (2008) post-endüstriyel
dönemde gelişmiş ülkelerin kentlerinde, etnik ya da sınıfsal grupların mekânsal
temelde ayrıştırılmaları ve damgalanmalarının yeni örüntüleri ortaya çıkmıştır.
Onun öngörülerinden hareketle, bu çalışmada bu kez “gelişmekte olan bir ülke”
olarak Türkiye’de kentsel mekânsal damgalama olgusu ile benzerlik gösteren bir
mekanizmanın varlığı inceleme konusu yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında
İstanbul’un iki mahallesindeki mekânsal damgalama örnekleri
karşılaştırılmıştır: Nişantaşı Teneke ve Rumelikavağı Kayadere. Yazarların
yakın dönemlerde gerçekleştirdikleri saha çalışmalarında ve daha kısıtlı bir
düzeyde olsa da bazı arşiv araştırmalarında mahalleler hakkında topladıkları
verilerin ikincil analizi, bu mahallelerin “Çingenelik”le damgalanmasının,
oluşumlarını ve yörüngelerini sosyo-tarihsel olumsallıklarıyla etkileşim içinde
büyük ölçüde belirlemiş olduğunu açığa çıkarmıştır. Aynı zamanda çalışmada
ortaya konulan bulgular, Wacquant’ın (2008) ele aldığı gelişmiş ülkelerdeki
örneklerden farklı olarak, Türkiye’deki bu damgalanmış kentsel yerleşim
alanlarının basitçe neoliberalizme eşlik eden sanayisizleşme sürecinin bir
sonucu olarak ortaya çıkmadıklarını ve bu mahallelerin tarihinin geç 19.
yüzyıla uzandığını göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak yazarlar, söz konusu
sosyo-mekânsal fenomenin ele alınabileceği daha nüanslı bir alt-terim
önermişlerdir: yerel düzeyle sınırlı mekânsal damgalama.

Anahtar Kelimeler

marjinalleşme, ayrımcılık, ayrışma, Mekânsal damgalama, “Çingene” damgası

Kaynakça

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