Regional Diversity or Specialization? Ranking of Provinces According to Diversity/Specialization Levels in Manufacturing Industry

Öz

Differences in regions' innovation-growth processes and the reasons behind regional diversification/specialization have recently been on the agenda of scientists and policy makers. In this regard, there are two major concepts in the Regional Science literature that have gained increasing interest in recent years. These are "regional specialization" and "regional diversification". Both concepts have various implications for innovativeness, competition, growth performance or the ability of regions to respond to crises-recessions. The purpose of this study is to determine the variety/specialization level of provinces in manufacturing industry in Turkey. Relative diversity/concentration index (Duranton-Puga Index) is calculated by using the employment data by provinces by the year of 2019. Then, by using sectoral diversity/specialization value of the provinces, provinces are ranked in the manufacturing sector. As a result of the analysis, the Duranton-Puga Index varies between 0.58 and 3.76 for 81 provinces. Index value is high in provinces such as İzmir, İstanbul, Adana, Samsun and Tekirdağ, and the concentration in these provinces is distributed to different industries. In provinces such as Hakkâri, Artvin, Siirt, Bitlis and Bayburt, it is found that employment is concentrated in certain sectors where there is not much diversification.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Regional Specialization
• Regional Diversification
• Manufacturing Industry
• Duranton-Puga Index

Bölgesel Çeşitlilik mi Uzmanlaşma mı? İllerin İmalat Sanayinde Çeşitlilik/Uzmanlaşma Düzeylerine Göre Sıralanması

Öz

Bölgelerin inovasyon-büyüme süreçlerindeki farklılıklar ve bölgesel çeşitlenmenin/uzmanlaşmanın ardında yatan nedenlerin incelenmesi, son zamanlarda bilim insanları ve politika belirleyicilerinin gündemindedir. Bu konuda Bölge Bilimi literatüründe son yıllarda giderek artan ilgi oluşturan iki önemli ana kavram bulunmaktadır. Bunlar “bölgesel uzmanlaşma” ve “bölgesel çeşitlilik” kavramlarıdır. Her iki kavram da bölgelerin veya bölgede yer alan firmaların yenilikçilik, rekabet, büyüme performansı veya bölgelerin krizlere-resesyonlara karşı koyabilme yeteneği konusunda çeşitli çıkarımlarda bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Türkiye’de illerin imalat sanayi sektöründe çeşitlilik/uzmanlaşma düzeylerinin tespit edilmesidir. Bu kapsamda; iller itibariyle 2019 yılı istihdam verilerinden yararlanılarak illerin göreli çeşitlilik/yoğunlaşma endeksi (Duranton-Puga Endeksi) hesaplanmaktadır. Sektörel çeşitlilik/uzmanlaşma değerleri kullanılarak illerin sıralaması yapılmaktadır. Analiz sonucuna göre, 81 il için Duranton-Puga Endeksi 0,58 ile 3,76 arasında değişkenlik göstermektedir. İmalat sanayi sektöründe İzmir, İstanbul, Adana, Samsun, Tekirdağ gibi illerde endeks değerinin yüksek olduğu ve bu illerde istihdamın farklı sanayi kollarına dağıldığı yoğunlaşmanın az olduğu saptanmıştır. Endeks değerinde son sıralarda yer alan Hakkâri, Artvin, Siirt, Bitlis, Bayburt gibi illerde ise istihdamın çok fazla sektörde çeşitlenmediği belli sektörlerde yoğunlaştığı bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bölgesel Uzmanlaşma
• Bölgesel Çeşitlilik
• İmalat Sanayii
• Duranton-Puga Endeksi

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