Kentsel Ulaşım, Salgınlar ve Covid-19: Ankara Toplu Taşıma Sistemi

Öz

Bu çalışmada, yolculuklar ile salgın hastalıklar arasındaki pozitif ilişki, kentsel ulaşım özelinde incelenmektedir. Türkiye’de ilk vakanın görüldüğü 11 Mart 2020 tarihinden itibaren Covid-19 Pandemisi sürecinin bir yıllık dönemi Ankara toplu taşıma sistemine odaklanılarak değerlendirilmektedir. Toplu taşımanın kalabalık ortamları, kısa döngülerle işletilen araçları ve sık ziyaret edilen yapıları, bulaşıcı hastalıkların yayılımını tetikliyor gibi görünse de süreç içinde toplu taşıma ortamlarında Covid-19 hastalığına yakalanma riskinin çok yüksek olmadığı görülmüştür. Aslında, toplu taşımada bulaşı etkileyen faktörler göz önüne alınarak uygulanan idari ve teknik önlemlerle beraber kişisel korunma hastalığın yayılımını kontrol etmemizi sağlamaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmamızda hastalıkların yayılmasını etkileyen faktörler kısaca açıklandıktan sonra toplu taşıma sistemlerinde uygulanan bulaşı kontrol edici ve çalışanlar ile yolcuları koruyucu önlemler uluslararası örneklerle tartışılmaktadır. Ankara özelinde ise toplu taşıma sisteminin genel özellikleri ile pandemi öncesi dönemin kullanım yoğunluğu verildikten sonra alınan idari kararlarla uygulanan teknik önlemler aktarılmaktadır. Kentlerdeki hareketliği durdurmanın ve halk sağlığı açısından sıfır risk ortamları yaratmanın mümkün olamayacağının kabulü ile toplu taşıma sistemlerini salgın döneminde olduğu kadar sonrası normalleşme veya iyileşme döneminde de yönetmek zorundayız. Bu süreçlerin iyi yönetilememesi toplu taşımanın özel ulaşım karşısında gerilemesine neden olacaktır ki çevre kirliliği başta olmak üzere ekonomik ve sosyal kayıpları artırarak sürdürülebilirliği tehdit edecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hareketlilik
• Ankara toplu taşıma
• Salgınlar
• Covid-19 önlemleri

Urban Transport, Pandemics and Covid-19: Ankara Public Transit System

Öz

In this study, positive relationships between pandemics and trips are investigated in the context of urban transportation. One-year time interval of Covid-19 Pandemic from March 11, 2020 when the first case was detected in Turkey is evaluated by focusing on Ankara public transportation system. Even crowded areas, vehicles operated in short turnovers and frequently visited structures of public transportation might seem to trigger spread of the pandemic, it is seen that risk of getting the Covid-19 disease is no higher in public transportation. In fact, administrative and technical precautions taken considering factors affecting spread in the public transportation combined with personal protection help control disease spread. In this line, after briefly explaining factors affecting disease spread, we discuss measures for controlling spread and protecting passengers and employees with international examples. In the particular case of Ankara, after giving general characteristics and figures of public transportation system prior to pandemic outbreak, administrative measures affecting public transportation usage and technical precautions are given. Assuming impossibility of halting urban mobility and creating zero-risk areas in terms of public health, as managed during pandemic period, public transport systems needs to be managed during normalization or recovering periods afterwards.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mobility
• Ankara public transit
• Pandemics
• Covid-19 precautions

Kaynakça

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