Araştırma Makalesi
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Dışlayıcı Yeşillik: Kahire’de Yeni Güvenlikli Siteler

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 6, 10 - 39, 19.04.2018

Öz

Bu makale Mısır’ın başkentini çevreleyen çölün eteklerinde yapılmakta olan lüks güvenlikli sitelerin inşa ve pazarlama sürecini incelemektedir. Bu sitelerin tasarım ve promosyon materyallerindeki sunum biçimlerini tartışarak, küresel mimari ve yaşam tarzlarının somut yerel pazarlama bağlamlarına nasıl yedirildiklerini gösteriyorum. Her ne kadar bu pazarlama yöntemlerinin ve dolayısıyla güvenlikli sitelerin bazıları başarılıysa da, bu projelerin pek çok açıdan yerel toplumsal formları ve maddi ihtiyaçları dikkate almakta sorunlu olduklarını iddia ediyorum. Yerelin belli bir biçimde küreselleşmesini ima eden projelerle, soyut bir küreselin yerelleşmesini temsil eden projeler arasında bir ayrıma giderek, ikinci stratejinin başarısız olma ihtimalinin daha yüksek olduğunu öne sürüyorum. Çeşitli projeleri inceleyerek, bütün bu projelerin lüks tüketim taleplerine, çeşitli toplumsal kaygı ve korkulara hitap ettiğini ve temelde güvenli ve sağlıklı konutların yanı sıra benzer beğeni ve yaşam tarzlarına sahip komşular vaat ettiklerini gösteriyorum. Batı’da kentsel ayrışmanın derinleşmesine dair yakın dönemde yer alan kuramsal tartışmalardan yola çıkarak, bu makale bu kuramsallaştırmaların sömürge sonrası Ortadoğu metropolü bağlamında geçerliliğini ve sınırlılıklarını araştırmaktadır.


Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Fadil, Mahmoud. 2001. Along the Fault Lines. Al-Ahram Weekly, 28.12. 2000-3.1.2001.
  • Alsayyad, Nezar. 1994. Bayn al-Qasrayn. The Street Between the Two Palaces. Streets: Critical Perspectives on Public Space. Zeynep Celik, Daine Favro ve Richard Ingersoll, derl., ss. 71-82. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Awad, Mohamed. 1999. Building Culture in Egypt. Al-Ahram Weekly 7.–13.1.1999.
  • Blakely, Edward J. Mary Gail Synder. 1997. Fortress America. Gated Communities in the United States. Washington D.C: Brookings Institution Pres.
  • Bourgeois, Philippe. 1996. In Search of Respect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Caldeira, Teresa. 1996. Fortified Enclaves. The New Urban Segregation. Public Culture 8(2): 303-328.
  • Caldeira, Teresa. 2000. City of Walls: Crime, Segregation and Citizenship in Sao Paolo. University of California Pres.
  • Cartier, Carolyn. 2001. Globalizing South China. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Celik Zeynep, Daine Favro ve Richard Ingersoll, derl. 1994. Streets. Critical Perspectives on Public Space. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Ciccolella, Pablo ve Iliana Mignaqui. 2002. Buenos Aires: Sociospatial Impacts of the Development of Global City Functions. Global Networks. Linked Cities. Saskia Sassen, der., ss. 309-325. New York: Routledge.
  • Cole, Donald ve Soraya Altorki. 1998. Bedouin, Setlers, and Holiday-Makers. Cairo: The American University Pres.
  • Davis, Mike. 1992. City of Quartz. New York: Vintage Boks.
  • El-Ghobashy, Mona. 2001. Housing for Whom? Cairo Times. 10 –16.5.2001.
  • Ellin, Nair. Der. 1997. Architecture of Fear. New York: Princeton Architectural Pres.
  • Ellin, Nair. 1997. Shelter from the Storm or Form Follows Fear and Vice Versa. In Architecture of Fear. Nair Ellin, der., ss. 13-46. Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press.
  • El-Kashef, Injy. 2000. The Price of Ecstasy. Al-Ahram Weekly 24.2. – 1.3. 2000.
  • Foucault, Michel. 1991. Governmentality. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon, ve Peter Miller derl, ss. 87-105. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Gauch, Sarah. 2000. A Widening Class Divide in Egypt. Christian Science Monitor. 24. 5. 2000.
  • Glasze, Georg ve Abdallah Alkhayyal. 2002. Gated Housing Estate in the Arab World: Case Studies in Lebanon and Riyadh, Saudi-Arabia. Environment and Planning B 29: 321-336.
  • Hammond, Andrew. 1999. The Buzz of the Desert. Cairo Times. 1. –14.4.1999.
  • Hassan, Fayza. 1998. Pleasure Places and Beach Buggies. Al-Ahram Weekly 10 – 16.9.1998.
  • Jacobs, Jane. 1961. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Jordan, David P. 1995. Transforming Paris. The Life and Labors of Baron Haussman. Chicago: University of Chicago Pres.
  • Juergens, Ulrich ve Martin Gnad. 2002. Gated Communities in South Africa: Experiences from Johannesburg. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. 29 (3): 337-353.
  • Kiang, Heng Chye. 1994. Kaifeng and Yangzhou. The Birth of the Commercial Street. Streets. Critical Perspectives on Public Space. Zeynep Çelik, Daine Favro ve Richard Ingersoll, derl., ss. 45-56. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Kuppinger, Petra. 2000. Images of Egypt: Tourism and Political Crisis. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association. San Francisco.
  • Kuppinger, Petra. 2001. Cracks in the Cityscape: Traditional Spatial Practices and the Official Discourse on “Informality” and irhab (Islamic Terrorism). Muslim Traditions and Modern Techniques of Power. Armando Salvatore, der., ss. 185-211. Yearbook of Islam 3, Muenster: Lit Verlag and Transaction Publishers, New Brusnwick NJ.
  • Kuppinger, Petra. 2002. Animals and the Modern City. Encyclopedia of Urban Cultures, 1: 56-65.
  • LeBon, Gustave. 1960 (1895). The Crowd. The Study of Popular Mind. New York: Viking Press.
  • Leisch, Harald. 2002. Gated Communities in Indonesia. Cities 19(5): 341-350.
  • Longstreth, Richard. 1994. Silverspring: Georgia Avenue, Colesville Road, and the Creation of an Alternative “Downtown” for Metropolitan Washington. Streets. Critical Perspectives on Public Space. Zeynep Çelik, Daine Favro ve Richard Ingersoll, derl., pp. 247-258. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Low, Setha. 1997. Urban Fear: Building Fortress America. City and Society. Annual Review of Anthropology 26: 52-72.
  • Low, Setha. 2001. The Edge and the Center: Gated Communities and the Discourse of Urban Fear. American Anthropologist 103(1): 45-58.
  • Low, Setha. 2003. Behind the Gates. New York and London: Routledge.
  • Lynch, Mona. 2001. From the Punitive City to the Gated Community: Security and Segregation acrosss the Social and Penal Landscape. University of Miami Law Review 56 (1): 89-111.
  • Merry, Sally Engle. 2001. Spatial Governmentality and teh New Urban Social Order: Controlling Gender Violence through Law. American Anthropologist 103(1): 16-29.
  • Mitchell, Timothy. 1999. Dreamland. The Neoliberalism of Your Desires. Middle East Report 210: 28-33.
  • Mitchell, Timothy. 2002. Rule of Experts. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Newman, Oscar. Defensible Space. Crime Prevention through Urban Design. New York: The MacMillan Company.
  • Philo, Chris. 1995. Animals, Geography and the City: Notes on Inclusions and Exclusions. Environment and Plannign D: Society and Space 13: 655-681.
  • Porteous, J. Douglas. 1985. Smellscape. Progress in Human Geography 9:356-408.
  • Rafaat, Samir 1998. Maadi Grand Mall. Cairo Times. 19.2.1998.
  • Robins, Steven. 2002. At the Limist of Spatial Governmentality: A Message from the Tip of America. Third World Quarterly 23(4): 665-689.
  • Rutheiser, Charles. 1996. Imagineering Atlanta. London: Verso.
  • Ryan, Nigel 2000. When the Public is Transported. Al-Ahram Weekly, 2-8.11.2000.
  • Ryan, Nigel. 2001. Views from the Balcony. Al-Ahram Weekly, 12-18.7.2001.
  • Saad, Rehab. 1998. The Desert Blooms. Al-Ahram Weekly, 24.-30.12.1998.
  • Saad, Rehab. 2002. A World of Weekends. Al-Ahram Weekly, 4.-10.7.2002.
  • Sami, Ahmed. 2000. Planet Cairo. Al-Ahram Weekly, 4-10.7.2002.
  • Sassen, Saskia, ed. 2002. Global Networks, Linked Cities. New York: Routledge.
  • Stryjak, Juergen. 2000. First Mall. Elecronic document. http://www.egyptmonth.com/mag0701200/mag10.htm, accessed 3/28/2002. 2001. Arkadia. Electronic document. http://egyptmonth.com/mag01012001/mag.htm, accessed 3/28/2002.
  • Wahish, Niveen. 1999. In Search of the Local Home. Al-Ahram Weekly, 21.-27.10.1999.
  • Webster, Chris, Georg Glasze ve Klaus Frantz. 2002. The Global Spred of Gated Communities. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 29:315-320.
  • Diğer Kaynaklar: Al-Ahram
  • Al-Ahram Weekly
  • Al-Akhbar
  • WEB Siteleri (metin içindeki sıralamaya göre)
  • WS 1: Projects http://www.misrcities.com?MainCityProjects.asp?CityID=2, accessed 11/10/2002.
  • WS 2: Al-Ashgar http://www.misrcities.com/ProjectMainPage.Asp?CityId=2&ProjectId=12, accessed 3/27/2002.
  • WS 3: Project Sections http://www.e-dar.com/6oct/6oct.pl?website=&language=, accessed 11/9/2002.
  • WS 4: Al Ashgar Master Plan http://misrcities.com/ProjectDetailsPage.asp?ProjectId=12&ItemDesc=MasterPlanMap,accessed 3/27/2002.
  • WS 5: Al Ashgar HighLight http://www.misrcities.com/ProjectDetailsPage.asp?Itemdesc=HighLightMap&ProjectID=12, accessed 3/27/2002.
  • WS 6: Al-Ashgar Model’s Details http://misrcities.com/ModelDetailsMainPAge.Asp?ModelId=1260&ProjectID=12, accessed 12/27/2002.
  • WS 7: Gardenia Park Surrounding Area. http://misrcities.com/ProjectdetailsPage.asp?ItmeDesc=ProjectLocationMap&ProjectId=6, accessed 11/10/2002.
  • WS 8: Gardenia Park Services http://www.misrcities.com.ProjectDetailspage.asp?ItemDec=AboutServicesMap&ProjectId=6, accessed 3/27/2002.
  • WS 9: Gardenia Park http://misrcities.com/ProjectMainPage.Asp?CityId=2&ProjectID=6, accessed 3/27/2002.
  • WS 10: Gardenia Park Highlight Map http://www.misrcities.com?ProjectDetailPage.asp?ItemDesc=HighLightMap&ProjectId=6, accessed 3/27/2002.
  • WS 11: Gardenia Park Master Plan http://www.misrcities.com.ProjectDetailPage.asp?ProjectID=6&ItemDesc=MasterPlanMap, accessed 3/27/2002.
  • WS 12: Gardenia Park Model’s Details http://www.misrcities.com/ModelDetailsMainPAge.Asp?ModelID=1270&ProjectId=6, accessed 11/6/2002.
  • WS 13: e.dar.com – Royal Hills http://213.131.64.164/6oct/6oct.pl?db=royal&website=&language=&session_key=&search,0, accessed 11/16/2002.
  • WS 14: Belle Ville http://misrcities.com/ProjectMainPage.asp?ProjectId=28, accessed 11/16/2002.
  • WS 16: Pyramid Parks Hotel http://egypt.interconti.com/gizpyr/index.html, accessed 3/28/2002.
  • WS 17: Dreamland Golf and Tenis http://dreamlandgolf.com/docs/main.html, accessed 4/17/2003.
  • WS 18: Dreamland Golf Course, Sixth of October City, Egypt http://geocities.com/Augusta/6750bgs53.html, accessed 4/17/2003.

Exclusive Greenery: New Gated Communities in Cairo

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 6, 10 - 39, 19.04.2018

Öz

This paper examines the construction and marketing
of recent upscale gated communities on the Egyptian capital’s desert outskirts.
Discussing questions of design and their use in promotional materials, I show
how global inventories of architecture and social lifestyles are inserted in
concrete local marketing contexts. While some of this marketing and
subsequently some communities are successful, I argue that many aspects of
projects are flawed in their neglect of local social forms and material demands.
Differentiating between projects that imply a certain globalization of the
local versus those that represent the localization of the abstractly global, I
argue that the latter are more likely to fail. Reviewing a number or recent
projects I illustrate how they all address upscale material demands, social
sentiments and fear, and centrally promise safe and healthy homes and
like-minded neighbors. Drawing on recent western theoretical debates about the
increasing segregation of urban spaces, and the disappearance of public spaces,
this paper explores the use and limits of such theorizations for the context of
a post-colonial Middle Eastern metropolis.

Kaynakça

  • Abdel-Fadil, Mahmoud. 2001. Along the Fault Lines. Al-Ahram Weekly, 28.12. 2000-3.1.2001.
  • Alsayyad, Nezar. 1994. Bayn al-Qasrayn. The Street Between the Two Palaces. Streets: Critical Perspectives on Public Space. Zeynep Celik, Daine Favro ve Richard Ingersoll, derl., ss. 71-82. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Awad, Mohamed. 1999. Building Culture in Egypt. Al-Ahram Weekly 7.–13.1.1999.
  • Blakely, Edward J. Mary Gail Synder. 1997. Fortress America. Gated Communities in the United States. Washington D.C: Brookings Institution Pres.
  • Bourgeois, Philippe. 1996. In Search of Respect. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Caldeira, Teresa. 1996. Fortified Enclaves. The New Urban Segregation. Public Culture 8(2): 303-328.
  • Caldeira, Teresa. 2000. City of Walls: Crime, Segregation and Citizenship in Sao Paolo. University of California Pres.
  • Cartier, Carolyn. 2001. Globalizing South China. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Celik Zeynep, Daine Favro ve Richard Ingersoll, derl. 1994. Streets. Critical Perspectives on Public Space. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Ciccolella, Pablo ve Iliana Mignaqui. 2002. Buenos Aires: Sociospatial Impacts of the Development of Global City Functions. Global Networks. Linked Cities. Saskia Sassen, der., ss. 309-325. New York: Routledge.
  • Cole, Donald ve Soraya Altorki. 1998. Bedouin, Setlers, and Holiday-Makers. Cairo: The American University Pres.
  • Davis, Mike. 1992. City of Quartz. New York: Vintage Boks.
  • El-Ghobashy, Mona. 2001. Housing for Whom? Cairo Times. 10 –16.5.2001.
  • Ellin, Nair. Der. 1997. Architecture of Fear. New York: Princeton Architectural Pres.
  • Ellin, Nair. 1997. Shelter from the Storm or Form Follows Fear and Vice Versa. In Architecture of Fear. Nair Ellin, der., ss. 13-46. Princeton: Princeton Architectural Press.
  • El-Kashef, Injy. 2000. The Price of Ecstasy. Al-Ahram Weekly 24.2. – 1.3. 2000.
  • Foucault, Michel. 1991. Governmentality. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality. Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon, ve Peter Miller derl, ss. 87-105. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Gauch, Sarah. 2000. A Widening Class Divide in Egypt. Christian Science Monitor. 24. 5. 2000.
  • Glasze, Georg ve Abdallah Alkhayyal. 2002. Gated Housing Estate in the Arab World: Case Studies in Lebanon and Riyadh, Saudi-Arabia. Environment and Planning B 29: 321-336.
  • Hammond, Andrew. 1999. The Buzz of the Desert. Cairo Times. 1. –14.4.1999.
  • Hassan, Fayza. 1998. Pleasure Places and Beach Buggies. Al-Ahram Weekly 10 – 16.9.1998.
  • Jacobs, Jane. 1961. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Jordan, David P. 1995. Transforming Paris. The Life and Labors of Baron Haussman. Chicago: University of Chicago Pres.
  • Juergens, Ulrich ve Martin Gnad. 2002. Gated Communities in South Africa: Experiences from Johannesburg. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design. 29 (3): 337-353.
  • Kiang, Heng Chye. 1994. Kaifeng and Yangzhou. The Birth of the Commercial Street. Streets. Critical Perspectives on Public Space. Zeynep Çelik, Daine Favro ve Richard Ingersoll, derl., ss. 45-56. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Kuppinger, Petra. 2000. Images of Egypt: Tourism and Political Crisis. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Anthropological Association. San Francisco.
  • Kuppinger, Petra. 2001. Cracks in the Cityscape: Traditional Spatial Practices and the Official Discourse on “Informality” and irhab (Islamic Terrorism). Muslim Traditions and Modern Techniques of Power. Armando Salvatore, der., ss. 185-211. Yearbook of Islam 3, Muenster: Lit Verlag and Transaction Publishers, New Brusnwick NJ.
  • Kuppinger, Petra. 2002. Animals and the Modern City. Encyclopedia of Urban Cultures, 1: 56-65.
  • LeBon, Gustave. 1960 (1895). The Crowd. The Study of Popular Mind. New York: Viking Press.
  • Leisch, Harald. 2002. Gated Communities in Indonesia. Cities 19(5): 341-350.
  • Longstreth, Richard. 1994. Silverspring: Georgia Avenue, Colesville Road, and the Creation of an Alternative “Downtown” for Metropolitan Washington. Streets. Critical Perspectives on Public Space. Zeynep Çelik, Daine Favro ve Richard Ingersoll, derl., pp. 247-258. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Low, Setha. 1997. Urban Fear: Building Fortress America. City and Society. Annual Review of Anthropology 26: 52-72.
  • Low, Setha. 2001. The Edge and the Center: Gated Communities and the Discourse of Urban Fear. American Anthropologist 103(1): 45-58.
  • Low, Setha. 2003. Behind the Gates. New York and London: Routledge.
  • Lynch, Mona. 2001. From the Punitive City to the Gated Community: Security and Segregation acrosss the Social and Penal Landscape. University of Miami Law Review 56 (1): 89-111.
  • Merry, Sally Engle. 2001. Spatial Governmentality and teh New Urban Social Order: Controlling Gender Violence through Law. American Anthropologist 103(1): 16-29.
  • Mitchell, Timothy. 1999. Dreamland. The Neoliberalism of Your Desires. Middle East Report 210: 28-33.
  • Mitchell, Timothy. 2002. Rule of Experts. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Newman, Oscar. Defensible Space. Crime Prevention through Urban Design. New York: The MacMillan Company.
  • Philo, Chris. 1995. Animals, Geography and the City: Notes on Inclusions and Exclusions. Environment and Plannign D: Society and Space 13: 655-681.
  • Porteous, J. Douglas. 1985. Smellscape. Progress in Human Geography 9:356-408.
  • Rafaat, Samir 1998. Maadi Grand Mall. Cairo Times. 19.2.1998.
  • Robins, Steven. 2002. At the Limist of Spatial Governmentality: A Message from the Tip of America. Third World Quarterly 23(4): 665-689.
  • Rutheiser, Charles. 1996. Imagineering Atlanta. London: Verso.
  • Ryan, Nigel 2000. When the Public is Transported. Al-Ahram Weekly, 2-8.11.2000.
  • Ryan, Nigel. 2001. Views from the Balcony. Al-Ahram Weekly, 12-18.7.2001.
  • Saad, Rehab. 1998. The Desert Blooms. Al-Ahram Weekly, 24.-30.12.1998.
  • Saad, Rehab. 2002. A World of Weekends. Al-Ahram Weekly, 4.-10.7.2002.
  • Sami, Ahmed. 2000. Planet Cairo. Al-Ahram Weekly, 4-10.7.2002.
  • Sassen, Saskia, ed. 2002. Global Networks, Linked Cities. New York: Routledge.
  • Stryjak, Juergen. 2000. First Mall. Elecronic document. http://www.egyptmonth.com/mag0701200/mag10.htm, accessed 3/28/2002. 2001. Arkadia. Electronic document. http://egyptmonth.com/mag01012001/mag.htm, accessed 3/28/2002.
  • Wahish, Niveen. 1999. In Search of the Local Home. Al-Ahram Weekly, 21.-27.10.1999.
  • Webster, Chris, Georg Glasze ve Klaus Frantz. 2002. The Global Spred of Gated Communities. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 29:315-320.
  • Diğer Kaynaklar: Al-Ahram
  • Al-Ahram Weekly
  • Al-Akhbar
  • WEB Siteleri (metin içindeki sıralamaya göre)
  • WS 1: Projects http://www.misrcities.com?MainCityProjects.asp?CityID=2, accessed 11/10/2002.
  • WS 2: Al-Ashgar http://www.misrcities.com/ProjectMainPage.Asp?CityId=2&ProjectId=12, accessed 3/27/2002.
  • WS 3: Project Sections http://www.e-dar.com/6oct/6oct.pl?website=&language=, accessed 11/9/2002.
  • WS 4: Al Ashgar Master Plan http://misrcities.com/ProjectDetailsPage.asp?ProjectId=12&ItemDesc=MasterPlanMap,accessed 3/27/2002.
  • WS 5: Al Ashgar HighLight http://www.misrcities.com/ProjectDetailsPage.asp?Itemdesc=HighLightMap&ProjectID=12, accessed 3/27/2002.
  • WS 6: Al-Ashgar Model’s Details http://misrcities.com/ModelDetailsMainPAge.Asp?ModelId=1260&ProjectID=12, accessed 12/27/2002.
  • WS 7: Gardenia Park Surrounding Area. http://misrcities.com/ProjectdetailsPage.asp?ItmeDesc=ProjectLocationMap&ProjectId=6, accessed 11/10/2002.
  • WS 8: Gardenia Park Services http://www.misrcities.com.ProjectDetailspage.asp?ItemDec=AboutServicesMap&ProjectId=6, accessed 3/27/2002.
  • WS 9: Gardenia Park http://misrcities.com/ProjectMainPage.Asp?CityId=2&ProjectID=6, accessed 3/27/2002.
  • WS 10: Gardenia Park Highlight Map http://www.misrcities.com?ProjectDetailPage.asp?ItemDesc=HighLightMap&ProjectId=6, accessed 3/27/2002.
  • WS 11: Gardenia Park Master Plan http://www.misrcities.com.ProjectDetailPage.asp?ProjectID=6&ItemDesc=MasterPlanMap, accessed 3/27/2002.
  • WS 12: Gardenia Park Model’s Details http://www.misrcities.com/ModelDetailsMainPAge.Asp?ModelID=1270&ProjectId=6, accessed 11/6/2002.
  • WS 13: e.dar.com – Royal Hills http://213.131.64.164/6oct/6oct.pl?db=royal&website=&language=&session_key=&search,0, accessed 11/16/2002.
  • WS 14: Belle Ville http://misrcities.com/ProjectMainPage.asp?ProjectId=28, accessed 11/16/2002.
  • WS 16: Pyramid Parks Hotel http://egypt.interconti.com/gizpyr/index.html, accessed 3/28/2002.
  • WS 17: Dreamland Golf and Tenis http://dreamlandgolf.com/docs/main.html, accessed 4/17/2003.
  • WS 18: Dreamland Golf Course, Sixth of October City, Egypt http://geocities.com/Augusta/6750bgs53.html, accessed 4/17/2003.
Toplam 74 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Petra Kuppinger Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 19 Nisan 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Kuppinger, P. (2018). Dışlayıcı Yeşillik: Kahire’de Yeni Güvenlikli Siteler. İDEALKENT, 3(6), 10-39.