Araştırma Makalesi
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Güvenlikli Siteler Arası Rekabet: “Ahlâklı Kapitalizm”in Kimlik Üzerindeki Etkisi

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 6, 124 - 153, 20.04.2018

Öz

Bu makalede güvenlikli sitelerin dış dünya,
özellikle de diğer sitelerle ilişkileri incelenecektir. Ana akım literatürde
güvenlikli sitelerin daha çok çevre köy/belde belediyeleriyle ilişkileri
araştırılırken, diğer sitelerle ilişkileri az çalışılmış bir alan olarak ortaya
çıkmaktadır. Bu amaçla, İstanbul’da aynı şirket tarafından inşa edilen iki
güvenlikli sitede yapılan alan çalışması sırasında toplanan veriler
kullanılacaktır: Göktürk’teki İstanbul İstanbul ve Ömerli’deki Kasaba. Alan
çalışması sırasında site sakinleriyle yarı-yapılandırılmış derinlemesine mülakatlar
yapılmıştır. İlk olarak farklı güvenlikli siteleri tercih sebepleri ve bunların
dış dünya ile ilişkileri incelenmi
ştir. İkinci olarak da, 1980’li yıllardan sonra daha
da vahşi bir hale bürünen üst
sınıf içi rekabet
tartışılarak, site sakinlerinin kimliklerini, kendini “iyi ahlak” ve “sıcak
ilişkiler”le gösteren “ahlaklı kapitalizm” üzerinden kurmaları açıklanmıştır.
Sonuç olarak, makale, ahlakın kapitalizmde sınıfsal pozisyona bağlı oluştuğunu
göstererek, Lamont’un “sembolik sınırlar” (1992) teorisine katkı yapacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • Alver, K. (2007). Siteril Hayatlar: Kentte Mekansal Ayrışma ve Güvenlikli Siteler. Ankara: Hece Yayınları.
  • Arolat, E. (2003). Temmuz-Ağustos). Site. Arredamento, 07-08, 73-74.
  • Asiedu, A.B. & Arku, G. (2009). The Rise of Gated Housing Estates in Ghana: Empirical Insights from Three Communities in Metropolitan Accra. Journal of Housing and Built Environment, 24 (3), 227–247.
  • Atkinson, R. & Flint, J. (2004). The Fortress UK? Gated Communities, The Spatial Revolt of The Elites and Time-Space Trajectories of Segregation. Housing Studies, 19 (6), 875–892.
  • Atkinson, R., & Blandy, S. (2009). Gated Communities/Privatopias. International Encyclopaedia of Human Geography, 297–301.
  • Ayata, S. (2002). The New Middle Class and the Joys of Suburbia, D. Kandiyoti & A. Saktanber (Ed.) Fragments of Culture: The Everyday of Modern Turkey (ss. 25-42). London; New York: I.B. Tauris & Co Publishers.
  • Bali, R. N. (2004). Tarz-ı Hayat’tan Life Style’a Yeni Seçkinler, Yeni Mekanlar, Yeni Yaşamlar. 6. Baskı. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Barnett C., Cloke, P., Clarke, N. & Malpass, A. (2005). Consuming Ethics: Articulating the Subjects and Spaces of Ethical Consumption. Antipode, 37, 23-45.
  • Bartu, A. (2000). Eski Mahallelerin Sahibi Kim? Küresel Bir Çağda Tarihi Yeniden Yazmak. Ç. Keyder, (ed.) İstanbul: Küresel ile Yerel Arasında (ss. 43-59). İstanbul: Metis.
  • Bartu, A. (2002, Ocak). Dışlayıcı Bir Kavram Olarak ‘Mahalle’. İstanbul, 40 (1), 84-86.
  • Bartu, A. & Kolluoğlu, B. (2008). Emerging Spaces of Neoliberalism: A Gated Town and a Public Housing Project in Istanbul. New Perspectives on Turkey, 39, 5-46.
  • Blakely, E. & Snyder, M. G. (1997). Fortress America. Washington DC: The Brookings Institution Press; Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
  • Bora, T. & Erdoğan, N. (2005). Zenginlik: ‘Zengin’ Bir Araştırma Gündemi, ‘Yoksul’ Bir Literatür. Toplum ve Bilim, 104, 3-12.
  • Boratav, K. (2005). 1980'li Yıllarda Türkiye’de Sosyal Sınıflar ve Dönüşüm. 2. baskı, Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Caldeira, T.P.R. (2000). City of Walls: Crime, Segregation, and Citizenship in Sao Paolo. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Çınar, C., Çizmeci, F. & KÖKSAL, A. (2006). The New Address of Social Polarization in İstanbul: Gated Communities. 42. ISoCaRP International Planning Congress. İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • http://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/854.pdf [15/07/2009].
  • Coy, M. & Pohler, M. (2002). Gated Communities in Latin American Megacities: Case Studies in Brazil and Argentina. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 29 (3), 355-370.
  • Danış, D. (2001). İstanbul’da uydu yerleşmelerin yaygınlaşması: Bahçeşehir örneği, F. Gümüşoğlu (Ed.) 21. Yüzyıl Karşısında Kent ve İnsan (ss. 151-160). İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Davis, M. (1998). City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. London: Pimlico.
  • Doğuç, S. (2005). Yeni Orta Sınıfların Gözünden Zenginlik ve Yoksulluk. Toplum ve Bilim, 104, 73-91.
  • Dündar, O. & ÖZCAN, Z. (2003). An Example of a Gated Community from Ankara, Turkey. Gated Communities: Building Social Division or Safer Communities Conference, Glasgow: İskoçya.
  • Ekinci, O. (1994). İstanbul’u Sarsan On Yıl: 1983-1993. İstanbul: Anahtar Kitaplar.
  • Elias, N. (2000). The Civilizing Process: Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations. Revize edilmiş baski. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Erman, T. (2001). The Politics of Squatter (Gecekondu) Studies in Turkey: The Changing Representations of Rural Migrants in The Academic Discourse. Urban Studies, 38 (7), 983-1002.
  • Esen, O. (2007, Mayıs). Göktürk: Temel Parametreler. İstanbul 59 (5), 98-101.
  • Fishman, R. (1996). Bourgeois Utopias: Visions of Suburbia. S.S. Fainstein & S. Campbell (Ed.) Readings in Urban Theory (ss. 23-60). Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell.
  • Geniş, Ş. (2007). Producing Elite Localities: The Rise of Gated Communities in İstanbul. Urban Studies, 44 (4), 771-798.
  • Giroir, G. (2003). Gated Communities, Clubs in a Club System: The Case of Beijing (China). Gated Communities: Building Social Division or Safer Communities Conference, Glasgow, Iskocya.
  • Glasze, G. & Alkhayyal, A. (2002). Gated Housing Estates in the Arab World: Case Studies in Lebanon and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 29 (3), 321- 336.
  • Graham, S. & Marvin, S. (2001). Splintering Urbanism: Network Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition. London: Routledge.
  • İnal Çekiç, T. & Gezici, F. (2005). Spatial Impacts of New Housing Trends in the Periphery of the İstanbul Metropolitan Area, 45. Congress of the European Regional Science Association: Land Use and Water Management in a Sustainable Network Society. Amsterdam, Hollanda.
  • http://www-sre.wu-wien.ac.at/ersa/ersaconfs/ersa05/papers/41.pdf (15/07/2009).
  • Işık, O. & PINARCIOĞLU, M. (2005). Nöbetleşe Yoksulluk: Sultanbeyli Örneği. 4. Baskı. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Jurgens, U. & GNAD, M. (2002). Gated Communities in South Africa: Experiences from Johannesburg. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 29 (3), 337-353.
  • Keyder, Ç. (2000). Arka Plan, Ç. Keyder (Ed.) İstanbul Küresel ile Yerel Arasında (ss. 9-40). İstanbul: Metis.
  • Kozanoğlu, H. (1993). Yuppieler, Prensler ve Bizim Kuşak. 3. baskı, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Kurtuluş, H. (2005a). Bir ‘ütopya’ olarak Bahçeşehir, H. Kurtuluş (ed.) İstanbul’da Kentsel Ayrışma (ss. 77-126). İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Kurtuluş, H. (2005b). İstanbul’da kapalı yerleşmeler: Beykoz Konakları örneği,
  • H. Kurtuluş (ed.) İstanbul’da Kentsel Ayrışma (ss. 161-187). İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Lamont, M. (1992). Money, Morals, and Manners: The Culture of the French and American Upper-Middle Class. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
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  • Lee, S. & Webster, C. (2006). Enclosure of the Urban Commons. Geojournal, 66 (1-2), 27-42.
  • Le GOIX, R. & Webster, C. (2008). Gated Communities. Geography Compass, 2 (4), 1189-1214.
  • Lemanski, C., (2006). Spaces of Exclusivity or Connection? Linkages between a Gated Community and its Poorer Neighbour in a Cape Town Master Plan Development. Urban Studies, 43 (2), 397-420.
  • Low, S. (2003). Behind the Gates: Life, Security and the Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America. New York: Routledge.
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  • Mckenzie, E. (1994). Privatopia: Homeowner Associations and the Rise of Residential Private Government. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
  • Miao, X. & Zhen, Y. (2009). Design History of China’s Gated Cities and Neighbourhoods: Prototype and Evolution. Urban Design International, Ozel Sayi: Changing Chinese Urban Design Practice, 14 (2), 99-117.
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Gated Communities against Each Other: How “Moral Capitalism” Shapes Their Identities

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 6, 124 - 153, 20.04.2018

Öz

This paper
examines gated communities’ interactions with the outside realm, particularly
with the other gated communities. The mainstream literature has mainly examined
gated communities’ relations with nearby villages/towns occupied by local
people, while underestimating their relations with other gated communities. For
this purpose, the paper will use data from a field work conducted in two gated
communities built by the same developer company in İstanbul: İstanbul İstanbul,
located in Göktürk and Kasaba, in Ömerli. The field work comprises
semi-structured in-depth interviews with residents in these two communities.
This paper will analise residents’ motives for prefering to live in different
gated communities, and their relations with other gated communities. By
discussing the competition within upper classes which has intensified since the
1980s, this paper will demonstrate how residents establish their identities
around “moral capitalism” by emphasizing “good” morality and “warmer”
relations. Findings and discussion will contribute to Lamont’s “symbolic
boundaries” (1992) approach by showing that morality is associated with class
position embedded in capitalism. 

Kaynakça

  • Alver, K. (2007). Siteril Hayatlar: Kentte Mekansal Ayrışma ve Güvenlikli Siteler. Ankara: Hece Yayınları.
  • Arolat, E. (2003). Temmuz-Ağustos). Site. Arredamento, 07-08, 73-74.
  • Asiedu, A.B. & Arku, G. (2009). The Rise of Gated Housing Estates in Ghana: Empirical Insights from Three Communities in Metropolitan Accra. Journal of Housing and Built Environment, 24 (3), 227–247.
  • Atkinson, R. & Flint, J. (2004). The Fortress UK? Gated Communities, The Spatial Revolt of The Elites and Time-Space Trajectories of Segregation. Housing Studies, 19 (6), 875–892.
  • Atkinson, R., & Blandy, S. (2009). Gated Communities/Privatopias. International Encyclopaedia of Human Geography, 297–301.
  • Ayata, S. (2002). The New Middle Class and the Joys of Suburbia, D. Kandiyoti & A. Saktanber (Ed.) Fragments of Culture: The Everyday of Modern Turkey (ss. 25-42). London; New York: I.B. Tauris & Co Publishers.
  • Bali, R. N. (2004). Tarz-ı Hayat’tan Life Style’a Yeni Seçkinler, Yeni Mekanlar, Yeni Yaşamlar. 6. Baskı. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Barnett C., Cloke, P., Clarke, N. & Malpass, A. (2005). Consuming Ethics: Articulating the Subjects and Spaces of Ethical Consumption. Antipode, 37, 23-45.
  • Bartu, A. (2000). Eski Mahallelerin Sahibi Kim? Küresel Bir Çağda Tarihi Yeniden Yazmak. Ç. Keyder, (ed.) İstanbul: Küresel ile Yerel Arasında (ss. 43-59). İstanbul: Metis.
  • Bartu, A. (2002, Ocak). Dışlayıcı Bir Kavram Olarak ‘Mahalle’. İstanbul, 40 (1), 84-86.
  • Bartu, A. & Kolluoğlu, B. (2008). Emerging Spaces of Neoliberalism: A Gated Town and a Public Housing Project in Istanbul. New Perspectives on Turkey, 39, 5-46.
  • Blakely, E. & Snyder, M. G. (1997). Fortress America. Washington DC: The Brookings Institution Press; Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
  • Bora, T. & Erdoğan, N. (2005). Zenginlik: ‘Zengin’ Bir Araştırma Gündemi, ‘Yoksul’ Bir Literatür. Toplum ve Bilim, 104, 3-12.
  • Boratav, K. (2005). 1980'li Yıllarda Türkiye’de Sosyal Sınıflar ve Dönüşüm. 2. baskı, Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Caldeira, T.P.R. (2000). City of Walls: Crime, Segregation, and Citizenship in Sao Paolo. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Çınar, C., Çizmeci, F. & KÖKSAL, A. (2006). The New Address of Social Polarization in İstanbul: Gated Communities. 42. ISoCaRP International Planning Congress. İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • http://www.isocarp.net/Data/case_studies/854.pdf [15/07/2009].
  • Coy, M. & Pohler, M. (2002). Gated Communities in Latin American Megacities: Case Studies in Brazil and Argentina. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 29 (3), 355-370.
  • Danış, D. (2001). İstanbul’da uydu yerleşmelerin yaygınlaşması: Bahçeşehir örneği, F. Gümüşoğlu (Ed.) 21. Yüzyıl Karşısında Kent ve İnsan (ss. 151-160). İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Davis, M. (1998). City of Quartz: Excavating the Future in Los Angeles. London: Pimlico.
  • Doğuç, S. (2005). Yeni Orta Sınıfların Gözünden Zenginlik ve Yoksulluk. Toplum ve Bilim, 104, 73-91.
  • Dündar, O. & ÖZCAN, Z. (2003). An Example of a Gated Community from Ankara, Turkey. Gated Communities: Building Social Division or Safer Communities Conference, Glasgow: İskoçya.
  • Ekinci, O. (1994). İstanbul’u Sarsan On Yıl: 1983-1993. İstanbul: Anahtar Kitaplar.
  • Elias, N. (2000). The Civilizing Process: Sociogenetic and Psychogenetic Investigations. Revize edilmiş baski. Oxford: Blackwell.
  • Erman, T. (2001). The Politics of Squatter (Gecekondu) Studies in Turkey: The Changing Representations of Rural Migrants in The Academic Discourse. Urban Studies, 38 (7), 983-1002.
  • Esen, O. (2007, Mayıs). Göktürk: Temel Parametreler. İstanbul 59 (5), 98-101.
  • Fishman, R. (1996). Bourgeois Utopias: Visions of Suburbia. S.S. Fainstein & S. Campbell (Ed.) Readings in Urban Theory (ss. 23-60). Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell.
  • Geniş, Ş. (2007). Producing Elite Localities: The Rise of Gated Communities in İstanbul. Urban Studies, 44 (4), 771-798.
  • Giroir, G. (2003). Gated Communities, Clubs in a Club System: The Case of Beijing (China). Gated Communities: Building Social Division or Safer Communities Conference, Glasgow, Iskocya.
  • Glasze, G. & Alkhayyal, A. (2002). Gated Housing Estates in the Arab World: Case Studies in Lebanon and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 29 (3), 321- 336.
  • Graham, S. & Marvin, S. (2001). Splintering Urbanism: Network Infrastructures, Technological Mobilities and the Urban Condition. London: Routledge.
  • İnal Çekiç, T. & Gezici, F. (2005). Spatial Impacts of New Housing Trends in the Periphery of the İstanbul Metropolitan Area, 45. Congress of the European Regional Science Association: Land Use and Water Management in a Sustainable Network Society. Amsterdam, Hollanda.
  • http://www-sre.wu-wien.ac.at/ersa/ersaconfs/ersa05/papers/41.pdf (15/07/2009).
  • Işık, O. & PINARCIOĞLU, M. (2005). Nöbetleşe Yoksulluk: Sultanbeyli Örneği. 4. Baskı. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Jurgens, U. & GNAD, M. (2002). Gated Communities in South Africa: Experiences from Johannesburg. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 29 (3), 337-353.
  • Keyder, Ç. (2000). Arka Plan, Ç. Keyder (Ed.) İstanbul Küresel ile Yerel Arasında (ss. 9-40). İstanbul: Metis.
  • Kozanoğlu, H. (1993). Yuppieler, Prensler ve Bizim Kuşak. 3. baskı, İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
  • Kurtuluş, H. (2005a). Bir ‘ütopya’ olarak Bahçeşehir, H. Kurtuluş (ed.) İstanbul’da Kentsel Ayrışma (ss. 77-126). İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Kurtuluş, H. (2005b). İstanbul’da kapalı yerleşmeler: Beykoz Konakları örneği,
  • H. Kurtuluş (ed.) İstanbul’da Kentsel Ayrışma (ss. 161-187). İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Lamont, M. (1992). Money, Morals, and Manners: The Culture of the French and American Upper-Middle Class. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
  • Lang, R. E. & Danielsen, K. A. (1997). Gated Communities in America: Walling Out the World? Housing Policy Debate, Fannie Mae Foundation, 8 (4), 867-899.
  • Lee, S. & Webster, C. (2006). Enclosure of the Urban Commons. Geojournal, 66 (1-2), 27-42.
  • Le GOIX, R. & Webster, C. (2008). Gated Communities. Geography Compass, 2 (4), 1189-1214.
  • Lemanski, C., (2006). Spaces of Exclusivity or Connection? Linkages between a Gated Community and its Poorer Neighbour in a Cape Town Master Plan Development. Urban Studies, 43 (2), 397-420.
  • Low, S. (2003). Behind the Gates: Life, Security and the Pursuit of Happiness in Fortress America. New York: Routledge.
  • Mağgönül, Z. (2005). ‘Seçkin’ Semtin ‘Seçkin’ Sakinleri: Teşvikiye-Nişantaşı. İstanbul: Kitabevi Yayınları.
  • Mckenzie, E. (1994). Privatopia: Homeowner Associations and the Rise of Residential Private Government. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
  • Miao, X. & Zhen, Y. (2009). Design History of China’s Gated Cities and Neighbourhoods: Prototype and Evolution. Urban Design International, Ozel Sayi: Changing Chinese Urban Design Practice, 14 (2), 99-117.
  • Nader, L. (1972). Up The Anthropologist: Perspectives From Studying Up, D. Hymes (ed.), Reinventing Anthropology. N.Y.: Pantheon Books.
  • Öktem, B. (2005). Küresel Kent Söyleminin Kentsel Mekanı Dönüştürmedeki Rolü. H. Kurtuluş (Ed.), İstanbul’da Kentsel Ayrışma (ss. 26-76). İstanbul: Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Öncü, A. (1988). The Politics of the Urban Land Market in Turkey: 1950-1980. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 12 (1), 38-64.
  • Öncü, A. (1999). ‘İdealinizdeki ev’ mitolojisi kültürel sınırları aşarak İstanbul'a ulaştı. Birikim, 123 (7), 26-34.
  • Özger, O.T. (2005, Ocak). Avrupa Yakası: Nişantaşı, Atlas İstanbul Özel Sayısı.
  • Özkan Töre, E. & Kozaman Som, S. (2009). Sosyo-Mekansal Ayrışmada Korunaklı Konut Yerleşmeleri: İstanbul Örnegi. (Gated Communities in the Socio-Spatial Segregation Process: The Istanbul Case). Megaron 4 (3), 121-130.
  • Perouse, J. F. & Danıs, D. (2005). Zenginliğin mekanda yeni yansımaları: İstanbul'da güvenlikli siteler. Toplum ve Bilim, 104, 92-123.
  • Pow, C. P. (2009). Good and Real Places: a Geographical-Moral Critique of Territorial Place-Making. Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 91 (2), 91-105.
  • Rieniets, T. (2007, Mayıs). Göktürk: İnkar, Mübadele, Adaptasyon. İstanbul, 59 (5), 102-105.
  • Rivadulla, M. J. A. (2007). Golden Ghettos: Gated Communities and Class Residential Segregation in Montevideo, Uruguay. Environment and Planning A, 39 (1), 47-63.
  • Robins, K. & Aksoy, A. (2000). World Apart and Together: Trial by Space in Istanbul. G. Bridge & S. Watson (Ed.), A Companion to the City (ss. 342-353). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Roitman, S. (2010). Gated Communities: Definitions, Causes and Consequences. Urban Design and Planning 163 (1), 31-38.
  • Roitman, S., Webster, C., & Landman, K. (2010). Methodological Frameworks and Interdisciplinary Research on Gated Communities. International Planning Studies 15 (1), 3-23.
  • Roitman, S. & Phelps, N. (2011). Do Gates Negate the City? Gated Communities’ Contribution to the Urbanisation of Suburbia in Pilar, Argentina. Urban Studies, 48 (16), 3487-3509.
  • Ross, A. (2000). The Celebration Chronicles: Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Property Value in Disney's New Town. London: Verso.
  • Sabatini, F. & Salcedo, R. (2007). Gated Communities and the Poor in Santiago, Chile: Functional and Symbolic Integration in a Context of Aggressive Capitalist Colonization of Lower-Class Areas. Housing Policy Debate, 18 (3), 577-606.
  • Salcedo, R. & Torres, A. (2004). Gated Communities in Santiago: Wall or Frontier? International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 28 (1), 27-44.
  • Sekman, M. (2003). Türk Usulü Başarı, 5. Baskı. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları.
  • Şenyapılı, T. (2003, Temmuz-Agustos). Kaçış Adaları. Arredamento, 07-08, 57-61.
  • Şimşek, A. (2005). Yeni Orta Sınıf. İstanbul: L&M Yayınları.
  • Soja, E. W. (2000). Postmetropolis: Critical Studies of Cities and Regions. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers.
  • Sönmez, M. (1994). Grafiklerle 1990’larda İstanbul. İstanbul: İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür İşleri Daire Başkanlığı Yayınları.
  • Sönmez, M. (1996). İstanbul'un Iki Yüzü 1980’den 2000’e Değişim. Ankara: Arkadaş Yayınevi.
  • Suarez Carrasquıllo, C.A. (2011). Gated Communities and City Marketing: Recent Trends in Guaynabo, Puerto Rico. Cities, 28 (5), 444-451.
  • Sümer, B. (2003). White vs. Black Turks: The Civilising Process in Turkey the 1990s. Master tezi. Ankara: ODTÜ, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Tanülkü, B. (2008). Designing Distinctions: Creation and Materialisation of Gated Communities. Conference Proceedings “Home and Urbanity, Cultural Perspectives on Housing and Everyday Life” (ss. 269-288). Kopenhag: Kopenhag Üniversitesi.
  • Tanülkü, B. (2010). An Exploration of Two Gated Communities in Istanbul. Unpublished PhD. Thesis, Lancaster: Lancaster Üniversitesi, Sosyoloji Bölümü.
  • Tanülkü, B. (2012). Gated Communities: From Self-Sufficient Towns to Active Urban Agents. Geoforum, 43 (3), 518-528.
  • (yayın aşamasında) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.11.006 (26/01/2012).
  • Weber, M. (1985). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. London: Unwin Paperbacks.
  • Webster, C. (2002). Property Rights and the Public Realm: Gates, Green Belts and Gemeinschaft. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 29 (3), 397-412.
  • Webster, C., Glazse, G. & Frantz, K. (2002). The Global Spread of Gated Communities. Environmental and Planning B: Planning and Design, 29 (3), 315-321.
  • Wu, F. (2010). Gated and Packaged Suburbia: Packaging and Branding Chinese Suburban Residential Development. Cities, 27 (5), 385-396.
  • WEB SAYFALARI
  • http://www.gatedcommunities.istanbul2011.itu.edu.tr/ (22/01/2012)
  • http://www.kapaliyerlesmeler.itu.edu.tr (22/01/2012)
  • http://www.koray.com (16/12/2011)
  • http://www.istanbul-istanbul.com/ (07/11/2011)
  • http://www.koray.com.tr/Istanbul_Istanbul_Project.asp (01/01/2012)
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIPIM (29/12/2011)
  • http://www.mipim.com/ (29/12/2011)
  • http://www.koray.com.tr/Istanbul_Istanbul_Project.asp (05/01/2012)
  • http://www.is-koray.com/Default.asp?Lang=EN (16/12/2011)
  • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Istanbul-map-blank.svg (18/12/2011)
Toplam 93 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Başak Tanülkü Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 20 Nisan 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 6

Kaynak Göster

APA Tanülkü, B. (2018). Güvenlikli Siteler Arası Rekabet: “Ahlâklı Kapitalizm”in Kimlik Üzerindeki Etkisi. İDEALKENT, 3(6), 124-153.