From Local Archives to the World Heritage List: Making Inventories of Cultural and Natural Wealth and the Case of Turkey

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 19, 348 - 371, 31.05.2016

A. Ege Yıldırım

Öz

Systems for
identifying and assessing the cultural and natural heritage have been developed
in virtually all countries around the world, constituting a vast body of
information on the wealth that is found on Earth, divided amongst the
territories of various states. The value appropriation to cultural and natural
assets ranges in ‘level of significance’ from the local (neighborhood/
municipal) to the regional, national and international, creating a hierarchy of
values that can be the topic of much debate for stakeholders. Inventorying and
designation also have implications in terms of protection, land use, zoning,
identity politics and the potential for economic development – particularly
through tourism – based on the heritage industry revolving around labeled
‘heritage sites’. With advancing technology, digital and online inventories and
archives enable more public accessibility, visibility and opportunities to
influence the way their content can be used for various agendas. This paper
focuses on the concept of the ‘inventory’ in the broad sense, to discuss its
relationship with heritage identification and designation with a focus on the
Turkish system. An evaluation is made in particular of the nomination process
for sites leading to the UNESCO World Heritage List, through the channel of
national Tentative Lists (TL), with a case study of the Turkish TL. Thus,
potential approaches are explored for building on local and national
inventories, to contribute to improved systems of appropriating value to
cultural and natural resources, benefiting their protection, appreciation and
sustainable use by local and global communities.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Inventories, UNESCO World Heritage, Tentative List, Turkey, cultural and natural heritage

Yerel Arşivlerden Dünya Miras Listesi’ne: Kültürel ve Doğal Zenginliğin Envanterlenmesi ve Türkiye Örneği

Öz

Kültürel ve doğal mirasın
tespit edilmesi ve değerlendirilmesine yönelik sistemler, dünyanın hemen her
ülkesinde geliştirilmiş, yeryüzünde bulunan ve çeşitli ülkelerin toprakları
arasında dağılmış olan zenginliğe ilişkin geniş bir bilgi haznesi oluşmuştur.
Kültürel ve doğal varlıklara atfedilen değerlerin ‘önem düzeyi’ yerelden
(mahalle/ belediye) bölgesele, ulusala ve uluslararasına kadar değişkenlik
göstermekte, konu ile ilgili paydaşlar arasında tartışmalara yol açabilen bir
değerler hiyerarşisi yaratmaktadır. Envanterleme ve tescillemenin ayrıca
koruma, arazi kullanımı, yapılaşma koşulları, kimlik siyaseti ve ‘miras alanı’
olarak etiketlenen yerler etrafında dönen miras endüstrisine dayalı (özellikle
turizm yoluyla) ekonomik kalkınma açısından birçok yan etkisi bulunmaktadır.
Gelişen teknoloji ile, dijital ve çevrimiçi envanterler ve arşivler, bu bilgiye
daha fazla kamusal erişim, görünürlük ve bilgi içeriğinin çeşitli amaçlar
doğrultusunda kullanımını yönlendirmek için fırsatlar getirmektedir. Bu makale,
geniş anlamda ‘envanter’ kavramını ele alarak mirasın tespit edilmesi ve
tescillenmesi ile olan ilişkisini Türkiye örneğine odaklanarak tartışmaktadır. Özellikle
ulusal Geçici Listeler üzerinden ilerleyen UNESCO Dünya Miras Listesi’ne giden
adaylık süreci Türkiye özelinde değerlendirilmektedir. Bu şekilde, yerel ve
ulusal envanterleri temel alarak, kültürel ve doğal kaynakların yerel ve
küresel topluluklarca korunması, yaşatılması ve sürdürülebilir şekilde
faydalanılmasına yönelik daha etkili ve adil değer atfetme yaklaşımlarına
ilişkin düşünceler geliştirilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Envanter, UNESCO Dünya Mirası, Geçici Liste, Türkiye, Kültürel ve doğal miras

Kaynakça

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