Stres ve Yapılı Çevre: Mimari ve Kentsel Etkilerin Değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 45, 1343 - 1365

Navid Khaleghımoghaddam

https://doi.org/10.31198/idealkent.1385442

Öz

Bu çalışma, yapılı çevre ile kullanıcıların zihinsel esenliği arasındaki karmaşık ilişkiyi göz önünde bulundurarak mimari ve kentsel mekânların mahalle sakinlerinin stres düzeylerini hangi ölçülerde etkilediğini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bunun için, geleneksel ve modern yaşam tarzlarının çatışma halinde olduğu ve birtakım kentsel sorunların görünür olmaya başladığı Konya şehrinin Aydoğdu mahallesi, alan araştırması için seçilmiştir. Veriler, mahallede strese neden olan çevresel faktörlere ilişkin anket ve stresi ölçmek için Dass Standart Anketi kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veri analizi Pearson korelasyon katsayısı kullanılarak yapılmıştır ve sonuçlar çevresel faktörler ile mahallede stres oluşumu arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Buna göre, vatandaşların stresi ile çevresel nitelikler en büyük ilişkiye sahipken, iklimsel koşullar en az etkiye sahiptir. Regresyon analizi sonuçları, çevresel niteliklerin, görsel unsurların ve çevresel koşulların düzenlenmesinin vatandaşların stresinin %67'sini etkilediğini göstermiştir. Varyans analizi ayrıca 18 ile 46 yaş arası gençlerin çevresel stres faktörlerinin bulunduğu bileşenlerden daha fazla etkilendiğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Stres, yapılı çevre, psikolojik sağlık, sakinler, mahalle

Stress and Built Environments: Assessing Architectural and Urban Impacts

Öz

Considering the intricate relationship between the built environment and users’ mental well-being, the present study aims to evaluate how architectural and urban spaces significantly influence stress levels of residents. In this regard, the neighbourhood of Aydogdu in the city of Konya, where traditional and modern lifestyles are in conflict and certain urban problems are beginning to emerge, was chosen as a case study. Data were collected by using the questionnaire on environmental factors causing stress in the neighborhood and Dass’ Standard Questionnaire for measuring stress. Data analysis was performed through using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the results showed that there is a significant relationship between environmental factors and the occurrence of stress in the neighborhood. Accordingly, the factor of environmental qualities has the greatest impact, and the climatic factors have the least relationship with the stress of citizens. The results of regression analysis showed that environmental qualities, visual elements, and regulation of environmental conditions predicted 67% of citizens’ stress. The analysis of variance also indicated that young people aged 18 to 46 years are more influenced by the factors in which environmental stressors are found.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Stress, city, psychological well-being, architecture

Kaynakça

• Bahadori, A., Pourjafar, M. R. and Ranjbar, E. (2021). Investigating the relationship between natural factors of urban public spaces with psychological well-being in Tehran. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 14(36), 132-146. https://doi.org/10.22034/aaud.2020.214671.2090
• Bandelow, B. and Michaelis, S. (2015). Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 17(3), 327-335. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.3/bbandelowv
• Barton, H., Thomapson, S., Burgess, S. and Grant, M. (2015). The routledge handbook of planning for health and well-being: shaping a sustainable and healthy future. New York: Routledge.
• Bu, F., Mak, H. W., Steptoe, A., Wheeler, B. W. and Fancourt, D. (2022). Urban greenspace and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: A 20-month follow up of 19,848 participants in England. Health & Place, 77, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102897
• Chen, W., Zaid, S. and Nazarali, N. (2016). Environmental psychology: the urban built environment impact on human mental health. Planning Malaysian Journal, 14(5), 23-38. https://doi.org/10.21837/pmjournal.v14.i5.190
• Corraliza, J.A., Collado, S. and Bethelmy, L. (2017). Effects of nearby nature on urban children’s stress. Asian Journal of Environment-Behaviour Studies, 2(4), 27-38. https://doi.org/10.21834/aje-bs.v2i3.186
• Fang, C., He, S. and Wang, L. (2021). Spatial characterization of urban vitality and the association with various street network metrics from the multi-scalar perspective. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.677910
• Farmanova, E., Bonneville, L. and Bouchard, L. (2018). Organizational health literacy: review of theories, frameworks, guides, and implementation issues. Inquiry: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing, 55, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/0046958018757848
• Fitzpatrick, K. M. and Willis, D. (2020). Chronic disease, the built environment, and unequal health risks in the 500 largest U.S. cities. International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health, 17(8), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082961
• Grahn P. and Stigsdotter, U. K. (2010). The relation between perceived sensory dimensions of urban green space and stress restoration. Landscape and Urban Planning, 94(3-4), 264- 275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2009.10.012
• Han, X., Wang, L., Seo, S. H., He, J. and Jung, T. (2022). Measuring perceived psychological stress in urban built environments using google street view and deep learning. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.891736
• Hoisington, A. J., Stearns-Yoder, K. A., Schuldt, S. J., Beemer, C. J., Maestre, J. P., Kinney, K. A., Postolache, T. T., Lowry, C. A. and Brenner, L. A. (2019). Ten questions concerning the built environment and mental health. Building and Environment, 155, 58-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.03.036
• Huang, N. C., Kung, Sh. F. and Hu, S. C. (2021). Exploring the role of built environments and depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults: a case of Taiwan. Aging & Mental Health. Aging & Mental Health, 25(6), 1049-1059. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2020.1755826
• Huesca Gonzalez, A. M., Grimaldo-Santamaría, R.-O. and Quicios García, M.d.P. (2021). Subjective and objective insecurity in spanish cities. Sustainability, 13(23), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313309
• Istrate, A. L. and Chen, F. (2022). Liveable streets in shanghai: definition, characteristics and design. Progress in Planning, 158, 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progress.2021.100544
• Moorea, T. H. M., Kesten, J. M., López-López, J.A., Ijaza, S., McAleenan, A., Richardsa, A., Grayd, S., Savovića, J. and Audreyet al, S. (2018). The effects of changes to the built environment on the mental health and well-being of adults: systematic review. Health and Place, 53, 237-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.07.012
• Murray, R. M., Bhavsar, V., Tripoli, G. and Howes, O. (2017). 30 Years on: how the neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia morphed into the developmental risk factor model of psychosis. Schizophr Bull, 43(6), 1190-1196. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbx121
• Nicolas, M., Martinent, G., Palinkas, L. and Suedfeld, P. (2022). Dynamics of stress and recovery and relationships with perceived environmental mastery in extreme environments. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 83, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2022.101853
• Office for National Statistics. (2017). Measuring National Well-being: Life in the UK. UK: Office for National Statistics. Apr 2017. Available from: 〈https:// www.ons.gov.uk/ peoplepopulationandcommunity/ wellbeing/ articles/ measuringnational wellbeing/ apr2017〉 (Accessed September 21, 2023).
• Pragati, S., Priya, R. S., Rajagopal, P. and Pradeepa, C. (2022). Effects of built environment on healing the mental health of the people–literature review. Frontiers in Engineering and Built Environment, 2(1), 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1108/FEBE-09-2021-0043
• Rishi, P. and Khuntia, G. (2012). Urban environmental stress and behavioral adaptation in bhopal city of India. Urban Studies Research, 2012, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/635061
• Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A. and Ruiz MD, P. (2014). Kaplan and sadock's synopsis of psychiatry: behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Wolters Kluwer.
• Shao, Q., Weng, S. S., Liou, J. J. H., Lo, H. W. and Jiang, H. (2019). Developing a sustainable urban-environmental quality evaluation system in china based on a hybrid model. International Journal of Environmental Research Public Health 16(8), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081434
• Tao, Y., Yang, J. and Chai, Y. (2019). The anatomy of health-supportive neighborhoods: a multilevel analysis of built environment, perceived disorder, social interaction and mental health in beijing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010013
• Weijs-Perrée, M., Dane, G. and van den Berg, P. (2020). Analyzing the relationships between citizens’ emotions and their momentary satisfaction in urban public spaces. Sustainability, 12(19), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12197921
• Whiteford, H. A., Ferrari, A. J., Degenhardt, L., Feigin, V. and Vos, T. (2015). The global burden of mental, neurological and substance use disorders: an analysis from the global burden of disease study 2010. PLOS One, 10(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0116820
• Wonderly, M. (2019). On the affect of security. Philosophical Topics, 47(2), 165-182. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26948112
• Xiao, J., Zhao, J., Luo, Z., Liu, F. and Greenwood, D. (2022). The impact of built environment on mental health: a COVID-19 lockdown perspective. Health & Place, 77, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102889
• Xue, J., Fan, Y., Dong, Z., Hu, X. and Yue, J. (2022). Improving visual comfort and health through the design of a local shading device. International Journal Environmental Research Public Health, 19(7), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074406
• Yadav, V. (2019). Impact of environmental factors on eye health. Mediterranean Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences (MJBAS), (Quarterly International Journal), 3(4), 37-46. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3489360
• Zhoong, W., Schroder, T. and Bekkering, J. (2022). Biophilic design in architecture and its contributions to health, well-being, and sustainability: a critical review. Frontiers of Architectural Research, 11(1), 114-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foar.2021.07.006