Yetişkin Bireylerin Covid-19 Hastalığı ve Covid-19 Aşısına Yönelik Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı yetişkin bireylerin Covid-19 hastalığı hakkındaki bilgi, tutum ve davranışları ile Covid-19 aşısı yaptırma durumlarının belirlenmesidir. Tanımlayıcı, kesitsel çalışma İzmir ili Bornova ilçesinde Nisan-Haziran 2021 tarihleri arasında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden, 18 yaş ve üzeri 270 yetişkin birey oluşturmuştur. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından konu ile ilgili literatür incelenerek oluşturulan anket formu ile toplanmıştır. Anket formu bireylerin sosyo-demografik özellikleri (sekiz soru), Covid-19'a yönelik bilgi (11 soru), tutum (altı soru) ve uygulamaları (sekiz soru) ile Covid-19 aşısı yaptırma durumlarını değerlendiren toplam 33 soru ve ifadeden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamına alınan kadınların yaş ortalaması 35.49±12.24, erkeklerin yaş ortalaması 38.79±12.83 olup, % 56.3’ü kadın, % 43.7’si erkektir. Araştırma sonucunda yetişkin bireylerin bilgiye yönelik ifadelerin tümünde % 90’nın üzerinde doğru bilgiye sahip oldukları tespit edilmiştir. Ancak bu oran, tutum ve davranışlar düzeyinde önemli ölçüde düşmektedir. Yetişkin bireylerin % 35.6’sı aşı yaptırmayı düşünmemektedir. Sonuç olarak yetişkin bireylerin Covid-19 konusunda bilgi düzeylerinin yeterli olduğu ancak bu bilginin tutum ve davranışlara yansımadığı saptanmıştır. Bu nedenle bireylerin Covid-19 hastalığına karşı doğru uygulamaları kullanmalarını teşvik edici girişimler gerçekleştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Covid-19
• Pandemi
• Bağışıklama
• Bilgi
• Tutum
• Davranış

Evaluation of Views on Covid-19 Disease and Covid-19 Vaccine in Adults

Öz

The aim of this study is to determine the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors of adult individuals about Covid-19 disease and their status of getting Covid-19 vaccine. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in Bornova district of Izmir between April-June 2021. The sample of the study consisted of 270 adult individuals aged 18 and over who agreed to participate in the study. The data were collected by the researchers with a questionnaire form, which was created by examining the literature on the subject. The questionnaire consists of 33 questions and expressions evaluating the socio-demographic characteristics of individuals (eight questions), knowledge about Covid-19 (11 questions), attitudes (six questions) and practices (eight questions), and their status of getting Covid-19 vaccine. The mean age of the women included in the study was 35.49±12.24, the mean age of the men was 38.79±12.83, 56.3% of them were female and 43.7% of them were men. As a result of the research, it has been determined that adult individuals have more than 90% correct information in all statements about information. However, this rate drops substantially at the level of attitudes and behaviors. 35.6% of adult individuals do not think about getting vaccinated. As a result, it has been determined that the knowledge level of adult individuals about Covid-19 is sufficient, but this knowledge is not reflected in attitudes and behaviors. For this reason, it is recommended to take initiatives to encourage individuals to use the right practices against Covid-19 disease.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Covid-19
• Pandemic
• Immunization
• Knowledge
• Attitude
• Behaviour

Kaynakça

1. Abel D. McQueen. (2020) The COVID-19 pandemic calls for spatial distancing and social closeness: not for social distancing! Int J Publ Health, 65:231.
2. Adrish M, Chilimuri S, Mantri N, Sun H, Zahid M, Gongati S, Fortuzi K, Jog AP, Purmessur P, Singhal R. (2020) Association of smoking status with outcomes in hospitalised patients with COVID-19. BMJ Open Resp Res, 1-6. doi:10.1136/bmjresp-2020-000716
3. Arısoy ES, Çiftçi E, Hacımustafaoğlu M, Kara A, Kuyucu N, Somer A, Vardar F. (2015) Clinical practical recommendations for Turkish national vaccination schedule for previously healthy children (National Vaccination Schedule) and vaccines not included in the schedule. J Pediatr Inf, 9(1):1-11.
4. Bulut V. (2020) COVID-19 ve sürü bağışıklığı. Atak Yücel A, editör. İmmünoloji ve COVID-19. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri, p.63-6.
5. Dula J, Mulhanga A, Nhanombe A, Cumbi L, Júnior A, Gwatsvaira J, Fodjo JNS, Villela EFM, Chicumbe S, Colebunders R. (2021) Article COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptability and Its Determinants in Mozambique: An Online Survey. Vaccines (Basel). 9(8):828, 1-10. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9080828.
6. El-Elimat T, AbuAlSamen MM, Almomani BA, Al-Sawalha NA, Alali FQ. (2021) Acceptance and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines: A cross-sectional study from Jordan. PLOS ONE. 16,4, e0250555; https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250555
7. Feleszko, W., Lewulis, P., Czarnecki, A., & Waszkiewicz, P. (2021). Flattening the curve of covid-19 vaccine rejection—An international overview. Vaccines, 9(1), 44.1-8
8. Gılıç E, Ceyhan O, Özer A. Niğde Doğumevi’nde doğum yapan kadınların aile planlaması konusundaki bilgi tutum ve davranışları. Fırat Tıp Dergisi. 2009;14(4): 237-241.

9. Green MS, Abdullah R, Vered S, Nitzan D. (2021) A study of ethnic, gender and educational differences in attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines in Israel-implications for vaccination implementation policies. Israel Journal of Health Policy Research. 10(26):1-12
10. Günay S, Ünsal E, Argüder E, Kılıç H, Er M, Çelenk Ergüden H, Hezer H, Şengül Parlak E, Hancıoğlu Z, Akpınar E, Aykan FS, Ünsay Metan E, Dalkıran A, Kocaman Y, Karalezli. (2021) Tütün Bağımlılığının COVID-19 Ağırlığı Üzerine Etkisi The Effect of Tobacco Addiction on Severity of COVID-19 Disease. İzmir Göğüs Hastanesi Dergisi. 35(1):22-31. doi:10.5222/İGH.2021.53825.
11. Harper CA, Satchell LP, Fido D, & Latzman RD. (2020) Functional fear predicts public health compliance in the COVID-19 pandemic. International journal of mental health and addiction. 1-14.
12. Helps C, Leask J, Barclay L, et al. (2019) Understanding non-vaccinating parents’ views to inform and improve clinical encounters: a qualitative study in an Australian community. BMJ Open, 9(5), e026299. Doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026299.
13. Huang L, Yao Q, Gu X, Wang Q, Ren L, Wang Y, ... & Cao B. (2021) 1-year outcomes in hospital survivors with COVID-19: a longitudinal cohort study. The Lancet, 398(10302):747-758.
14. Kaya H. (2009) Sağlık Hizmetlerinde Hasta Eğitimi ve Hemşirenin Sorumlulukları. Türkiye Klinikleri Hemşirelik Bilimleri Dergisi, 1,1,19-23
15. Lau JT, Kim JH, Tsui HY, & Griffiths S. (2007) Anticipated and current preventive behaviors in response to an anticipated human-to-human H5N1 epidemic in the Hong Kong Chinese general population. BMC Infectious Diseases. 7(1):1-12.
16. Leung GM, Quah S, Ho LM, Ho SY, Hedley AJ, Lee HP, & Lam TH. A tale of two cities: community psychobehavioral surveillance in Hong Kong and Singapore during the severe acute respiratory syndrome epidemic. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004;25(12):1033-41.
17. Mohamed AAO, Elhassan EAM, Mohamed AO, Mohammed AA, Mahgoop MA, Sharif ME, ... & Malik EM. (2021) Knowledge, attitude and practice of the Sudanese people towards COVID-19: an online survey. BMC Public Health. 21(1),1-7.
18. Patanavanich R, Glantz SA. (2020) Smoking is Associated with COVID-19 Progression: A Meta-Analysis. MedRXiv The Preprint Server for Health Sciences. 1-16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.13.20063669.
19. Rubin GJ, Amlôt R, Page L, & Wessely S. (2009) Public perceptions, anxiety, and behaviour change in relation to the swine flu outbreak: cross sectional telephone survey. Bmj. 2009; 339.
20. Schwarzinger M, Watson V, Arwidson P, Alla F, Luchini S. (2021) COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a representative working-age population in France: a survey experiment based on vaccine characteristics. Lancet Public Health, 6:e210-e221. www.thelancet.com/public-health
21. Silva A. L. O, Moreira JC, Martins SR. (2020) COVID-19 and smoking: a high-risk association. Cad. Saúde Pública. 36(5):1-4.
22. TC. Sağlık Bakanlığı Covid Aşısı Bilgilendirme Platformu. (2021). Covid-19 Aşısı Uygulama Stratejisi https://covid19asi.saglik.gov.tr/
23. TC. Sağlık Bakanlığı Covid-19 Bilgilendirme Platformu. (2021) Günlük Covid-19 Tablosu. https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/
24. Vally Z. Public perceptions, anxiety and the perceived efficacy of health-protective behaviours to mitigate the spread of the SARS-Cov-2/COVID-19 pandemic. Public Health. 2020;187,67-73.
25. World Health Organization (WHO). (2021) Coronavirus (Covid-19) Dashboard. Available from: https://covid19.who.int/
26. Wu X, Liu X, Zhou Y, Yu H, Li R, Zhan Q, ... & Wang Y. 3-month, 6-month, 9-month, and 12-month respiratory outcomes in patients following COVID-19-related hospitalisation: a prospective study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2021; 747-754
27. Yan X, Huang H, Wang C, Jin Z, Zhang Z, He J, ... & Zhu Y. Follow-up study of pulmonary function among COVID-19 survivors 1 year after recovery. The Journal of Infection. 2021;404-406
28. Zhang H, Maa S, Hana T, Qua G, Cheng C, Uy JP, Shaikhc MB, Zhoud Q, Songe EJ, Sunc C. Association of smoking history with severe and critical outcomes in COVID-19 patients: A systemic review and meta-analysis. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 2021;43:1-11.