WAGE DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN WOMEN AND MEN IN THE TURKISH TOURISM

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 74 - 87, 03.07.2019

İsmet Kaya Ferhat Topbaş

Öz

The main purpose of this study is to reveal whether
and to what extent discrimination in wages in the Turkish tourism is by using
Oaxaca and Cotton’s discrimination models in the sector. In the study, the
individual data of a total of 4677 employees were used, 3782 of which were male
and 895 of which were female, based on the Household Labor Survey of Turkish
Statistics Institute. People working in the accommodation services, travel
agencies and food and beverage facilities in the tourism sector as well as tour
operators were involved in the research. The Ordinary Least Squares Method was
applied used in order to estimate the Oaxaca and Cotton models. NACE Rev.2
Codes, which were formed by the European Union to classify economic activities,
were used to classify the sectors. As a result of the analysis undertaken, it
was established that discrimination is valid largely in the Turkish tourism
sector. Findings of this study also reveal useful outcomes for practitioners
and researchers working in the field. 

The study is a first in the Turkish tourism sector,
and will contribute to future studies, while constituting a pioneering piece of
work and/ or study in the field. Both the findings and the method employed are
considered to be the first in the sector.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Wage, Discrimination, Tourism, Employment

TURİZM SEKTÖRÜNDE CİNSİYETE DAYALI ÜCRET AYRIMCILIĞI

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, sektördeki Oaxaca ve Cotton ayrımcılık
modellerini kullanarak, Türkiye turizm sektöründe cinsiyete dayalı ücret
ayrımcılığı olup olmadığını, varsa hangi boyutta olduğunu açığa çıkarmaktır.
Çalışmada, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) Hane Halkı İşgücü Anketi’ne bağlı
olarak 4677 çalışanın (895’i kadın ve 3782’si erkek olmak üzere) bireysel
verisi kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılar, turizm sektöründeki konaklama hizmetleri,
seyahat acenteleri ve yiyecek-içecek hizmetleri ile tur operatörlüğü
çalışanlarından oluşmaktadır. Oaxaca ve Cotton modellerini analiz etmek
amacıyla En Küçük Kareler Yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Avrupa Birliği tarafından
ekonomik etkinlikleri sınıflandırma amacıyla belirlenen NACE Rev.2 Kodu,
sektörleri tasnif etmek için kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, Türkiye
turizm sektöründe cinsiyete dayalı ücret ayrımcılığının büyük ölçüde geçerli
olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları, bu alandaki uygulayıcı ve
araştırmacılar için de yararlı sonuçlar sunmaktadır. Ayrıca, bu çalışma Türkiye
turizm sektöründe, hem elde edilen sonuçlar hem de kullanılan yöntem açısından
ilk (birincil) olma özelliği taşıdığından, bundan sonraki çalışmalara katkı
sağlayacak, öncü bir niteliğe de sahiptir. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Ücret, Ayrımcılık, Turizm, İstihdam

Kaynakça

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