The Study of Whether Receiving a Pre-school Education is a Predictive Factor in the Attitudes of High School Students Toward the Environment According to Their Environmental Ethics Approach

Abstract

The aim of this research is to determine the predictive power of environmental ethics approaches of the development of high school students' environmental attitudes. A total of 200 high school students constituted the sample of the study. The relational screening model was used in the study. Environmental attitude measurement and Environmental ethics approach measurement used as data collection tool. According to the results obtained from the study, while a meaningful relationship was found between approaches of environmental ethics which effect attitude towards the environment - ecocentric ethics, ecofeminist ethics and theocentric ethics, there was no meaningful relationship discovered with the anthropocentric ethics approach. In this context, one of the important results of this study is that a significant difference has been identified in the approaches of ecofeminist and ecocentric ethics of high school students who have received a pre-school education and those who have not. 

Keywords

• Environmental ethics,environmental education,high school education,ethical attitude,pre school education

Kaynakça

1. Al-Rabaani, A., & Al- Mekhlafi, S. S. M. (2009). Attitudes of Sultan Qaboos University Students Towards Some Environmental Problems and Their Willigness to Take Action to Reduce Them. Journal of Social Sciences, 5(1), 9–15.
2. Aoyagi-Usui, M.,Vinken, H., & Kuribayashi, A. (2003). Pro-Environmental Attitudes And Behaviors: An International Comparison. Human Ecology Review, 10(1), 23-31.Benson, J. (2000). Environmental ethics: An introduction with readings. London: Routhledge.
3. Blanchard, K. A. (1995). Seabird Conservation on The North Shore of The Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada: The Effects of Education on Attitudes and Behavior Towards A Marine Resource. In Planning Education to Care For The Earth, edited by J. Palmer, W. Goldstein, and A. Curnow. 39–50. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
4. Callicott J. B., & Frodeman, R. (2009). Encyclopedia of environmental ethics and philosophy. USA: Macmillan Reference.
5. Chapman, D., & Sharma, K. (2001). Environmental Attitudes And Behavior Of Primary And Secondary Students İn Asian Cities: Am Preview Strategy For İmplementing An Eco-Schools Programme. The Environmentalist, 21, 265-272.
6. Chuvieco, E., & Burgui, M. (2016). Impact of Religious Affiliation on Ethical Values of Spanish Environmental Activists. Religions, 7(5), 46.
7. Des Jardins, J.R. (2006). Environment ethics. Introduction to environmental philosophy. Transleted by Ruşen Keleş. Ankara: İmge Bookstore.
8. Dunlap, R. E., & Van Liere, K. D. (1978). The new environmental paradigm. Journal of Environmental Education 9, 10-19.

9. Dunlap, R.E., Van Liere, K. D., Mertig, A. G., & Emmet Jones, R. (2000). Measuring endorsement of the new ecological paradigm: a revised nep scale. Journal of Social Issues, 56(3), 425-442.
10. Engels, C. A., & Jacobson, S. K. (2007). Evaluating long-term effects of the golden lion tamarin environmental education program in Brazil. The Journal of Environmental Education, 38(3), 3-14.
11. Erol, G. H., & Gezer, K. (2006). Sınıf Öğretmenliği Öğretmen Adaylarının Çevreye Ve Çevre Sorunlarına Yönelik Tutumları. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education 1(1), 65–77.
12. Ertan, B. (2004). 2000’li yıllarda çevre etiği yaklaşımları ve Türkiye. Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi 2(1), 93-108.
13. Erten, S. (2007). Ekosentrik, antroposentrik ve çevreye yönelik antipatik tutum ölçeğinin Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. Eğitim Araştırmaları 28, 67-74.
14. Erten, S. (2008). Insights To Ecocentric, Anthropocentric And Antipathetic Attitudes Towards Environment İn Diverse Cultures. Eurasian Journal Of Educational Research, 8(33), 141-156.
15. Erten, S., & Aydogdu, C. (2011). The Ecocentric, Anthropocentric And Antipathhetic Attitudes Toward Environment İn Turkish And Azerbaijani Students. Hacettepe University Journal of Education, 41: 158-169.
16. Gagnon Thompson, S. C., & Barton, M. A. (1994). “Ecocentric and anthropocentric attitudes toward the environment.” Journal of Environmental Psychology, 14 (2), 149-157.
17. Gribben, J., & Fagan, J. M. (2016). Anthropocentric Attitudes in Modern Society. Halting Climate Change will Require a Cultural Shift toward Eco-centrism. https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/T3S184T1
18. Gürbüzoğlu Yalmancı, S., & Gözüm, A. İ. C. (2011). The Investigation of Kafkas University of Candidate Teachers’Attıtudes towards Environmental Problems With Respect to Some Variables. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(3), 1109-1132.
19. Gürbüzoğlu Yalmanci, S. (2015). Investigation of Environmental Ethics Approaches of Students in Terms of Various Variables. Anthropologist, 21(3), 385-394.Halkos, G., & Matsiori, S. (2017). Environmental Attitude, Motivations And Values For Marine Biodiversity Protection. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics 69, 61-70.
20. Homer, P., & Kahle, P. (1988). A Structural Equation Test Of The ‘Value-Attitude Behaviour Hierarchy. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol 54, 638–664 .
21. Horwitz, W. (2001). Environmental Dilemmas: The Resolutions Of Student Activists. Ethics & Behavior, 10(3), 281–308.
22. Inglis, J. (2008). Using human-environment theory to investigate human valuing in protected area management. Ph.D Thesis. Victoria University. Australia.Karasar, N. (2014). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemi 26. bs. [Scientific Research Method 16th ed.]. Ankara: Nobel.
23. Kışlalıoğlu, M., & Berkes, F. (2005). Çevre ve Ekoloji [Environment and ecology]. İstanbul: Remzi Bookstore.
24. Kopnina, H. (2016). Of big hegemonies and little tigers: Ecocentrism and environmental justice. The Journal of Environmental Education, 47(2), 139-150, DOI: 10.1080/00958964.2015.1048502
25. Kopnina, H. (2017). Testing Ecocentric and Anthropocentric Attitudes toward the Sustainable Development (EAATSD) Scale with Bachelor Students. Revista Brasileira de Estratégia, 10(3), 457.
26. Kortenkamp K. V., & Moore, C. F. (2001). Ecocentrism and Anthropocentrism: Moral Reasoning About Ecological Commons Dilemmas. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21, 261-272.
27. Kortenkamp K. V., & Moore, C. F. (2009). Children’s Moral Evaluations of Ecological Damage: The Effect of Biocentric And Anthropocentric Intentions. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39(8), 1785–1806.
28. Legault, L. (1999). The impact of an environmental education program on children’s and parent’s knowledge, attitudes, motivation and behaviors. Ph.D Thesis. University of Ottawa Kanada.
29. Mackenzi, A. C., & Edwards, S. (2013). Toward a Model for Early Childhood Environmental Education: Foregrounding, Developing and Connecting Knowledge Through Play-based Learning. The Journal of Enviromental Education, 44(3), 195-213.
30. Mahmutoğlu, A. (2009). Kırsal alanda çevre sorunlarına etik yaklaşım: kırsal çevre etiği. Ph.D Thesis. Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Ankara.Önkal, G., & Yağanak, E. (2005). Felsefe Ansiklopedisi [Philosophy Encyclopedia], In Çevre Etiği[Environmental Ethics], edited by Ahmet Cevizci, 589-595. Ankara: Babil Yayıncılık.
31. Poortinga, W., Steg, L., & Vlek, C. (2004). Values, Environmental Concern And Environmental Behavior. Environment and Behavior 36(1), 70-93.
32. Quinn, F., Castéra, J., & Clément, P. (2016). Teachers’ Conceptions of The Environment: Anthropocentrism, Non-Anthropocentrism, Anthropomorphism And The Place of Nature. Environmental Education Research 22(6), 893-917.
33. Rolstone, H. (2003). Environmental ethics. In The blackwell companion to philosophy (second edition), edited by Nicholas Bunnin and E. P. Tsui-James, 517-530. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.
34. Ronald, M. (2002). A Heuristic for environmental values and ethics, and a psychometric instrument to measure adult environmental ethics and willingness to protect the environment. Ph.D Thesis, The Ohio State University.
35. Rowe, J.S. (1994). Ecocentrism and Traditional Ecological Knowledge. https://is.gd/rkSgP5 (accessed March 2017).
36. Scarce R. (1990). Eco-warriors: understanding radical environmental movement. Chicago: The Noble Press Inc.
37. Shapiro D. F., & Takacs, D. (2006). A pragmatic, co-operative approach to teaching environmental ethics. In Teaching Environmental Ethics, edited by C Palmer, 93-116 Koninklijke Brill NV: The Netherlands.
38. Schultz, J. R., Simpson, S., & Elfessi, A. M. (2010). The Environmental Action and Philosophy Matrix: An Exploratory Study of the Environmental Attitudes of Recreation Management and Environmental Studies Students. The Journal of Environmental Education, 42:2, 98-108, DOI: 10.1080/00958964.2010.507637
39. Sönmez, V., & Alacapınar, F. G. (2013). Örneklendirilmiş Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri[Selected Scientific Research Methods]. Ankara: Anı Publishing.Stapp, W. (1978). An İnstructional Model For Environmental Education. Prospects 8(4), 495-507.
40. Strong, C. (1998). The impact of environmental education on children’s knowledge and awareness of environmental concerns. Marketing Intelligence & Planning 16(6), 349-355.
41. Szagun, G., & Mesenholl, E. (2010). Environmental Ethics: An Empirical Study of West German Adolescents, The Journal of Environmental Education. 25(1), 37-44, DOI: 10.1080/00958964.1993.9941943
42. Şama, E. (2003). Öğretmen Adaylarının Çevre Sorunlarına Yönelik Tutumları. G.Ü. Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 23(2), 99–110.
43. Şimşekli, Y. (2001). Bursa’da “Uygulamalı Çevre Eğitimi” Projesine Seçilen Okullarda 3. Yapılan Etkinliklerin Okul Yöneticisi ve Görevli Öğretmenlerin Katkısı Yönünden De¬ğerlendirilmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi 14(1), 73-84.
44. Tamkoç, G. (1996). Ekofeminizmin amaçları. Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi 4,77-84.
45. Tarı, R. (2005). Ekonometri (3.bs) [Econometrics (3th ed.)]. İzmit: Kocaeli University Publications.
46. Taylor, A. F., Kuo, F. E., & Sullivan, W. C. (2002). Views of nature and self-discipline: Evidence from inner city children. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 22, 49– 63.
47. Thompson, G.S.C., & Barton, M.A. (1994). Ecocentric and Anthropocentric Attitudes Toward the Environment. J. Environ. Psychol. 14, 149–157.
48. Tilbury, D. (1994). The international development of environmental education: a basis for a teacher education model?. Environmental Education and Information 13, 1–20.
49. Uygun, S. (2006). Çevre sorunlarının küreselleşmesi, etiği ve eğitimi. [Globalization of environmental problems, ethics and education]. In Felsefe Eğitim Sanat: Saffet Bilhan Armağanı, edited by Büyükdüvenci, S., and V. Taşdelen, 279-290. Ankara: Hece Publishinghttp://www.selcukuygun.com/site/wpcontent/uploads/2010/09/%C3%A7evre.pdf.
50. Varner, G.E. (1998). In Nature’s Interests? Interests, Animal Rights, and Environmental Ethics. England: Oxford University Press.
51. Washington, H., Taylor, B., Kopnina, H., Cryer, P., & Piccolo, J. J. (2017). Why Ecocentrism is the Key Pathway to Sustainability. The Ecological Citizen 1(1).
52. Weber, W. (1995). Monitoring Awareness And Attitude İn Conservation Education, The Mountain Gorilla Project İn Rwanda. In Conserving Wildlife, International Education And Communication Approaches, edited by S. Jacobson, 28–48. New York: Columbia University Press.
53. Westphal, J. M., and Halverson, W. F. (1986). Assessing The Long-Term Effects Of An Environmental Education Program: A Pragmatic Approach. The Journal of Environmental Education, 17(2), 26-30.
54. Wilson, R. A. (1996). Starting Early Environmental Education During the Early Childhood Years (ERIC Digest). Columbus, OH: ERIC Clearinghouse for Science, Mathematics and EnvironmentalEducation (ERIC Identifier ED 402147) 1-6.
55. Worldbank, (2016). Population, total. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL
56. Yumusak, A., Özbas, S., Sargin, S. A., & Baltaci, F. (2016). An Investigation for the Future Educators' Attitudes towards the Environmental Issues in the Context of Ecocentrism and Anthropocentrism. International Journal of Environmental and Science Education 11(5), 603-612