RUSYA’NIN “YAKIN ÇEVRE” POLİTİKASINDA ENERJİ ARZ VE TRANSİT GÜVENLİĞİNİN ROLÜ: 2000-2008 DÖNEMİ

Öz

Rusya Federasyonu, 1993 yılında hazırlanan Ulusal Güvenlik Doktrini’nde Sovyet sonrası coğrafyayı ayrıcalıklı çıkar alanı vurgusuyla “Yakın Çevre” olarak tanımladı. Bölgenin zengin petrol ve doğalgaz kaynaklarına sahip olması bu tanımlamada rol oynadı. ABD stratejik nedenlerle bölgenin enerji kaynaklarını kontrol etmeyi planladı. 2004’de on yeni üyenin katılımıyla ithal enerji ihtiyacı artan Avrupa Birliği ise Rusya’ya bağımlılığı azaltmak için bölgede alternatif arayışına yöneldi. Çin ve Hindistan gibi ülkeler ise bölgeden uygun fiyatlarla kesintisiz enerji temini peşindeydi. Rusya ise küresel güçleri bölgeden uzak tutmaya çalışırken, enerji arzında önde gelen aktör olmayı hedefledi. Bu makalede Rusya’nın “Yakın Çevre”de enerji arz ve transitine yönelik politikaları incelenmiştir. Rusya’nın çıkarlarını zedeleyecek projeleri engellediği ya da rakiplerini tavize zorladığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Rusya Federasyonu;
• "Yakın Çevre";
• Enerji Rekabeti;
• Arz ve Transit Güvenliği

THE ROLE OF ENERGY SUPPLY AND TRANSIT SECURITY IN RUSSIA’S “NEAR ABROAD” POLICY: 2000-2008

Abstract

Russian Federation defined post-Soviet space as the “Near Abroad” and by declaring it as their privileged sphere of interest in the 1993 National Security Doctrine. The regions’s rich oil and gas reserves played an important role in this definition. The U.S. attempted to control the region’s energy sources for strategical objectives. The E.U.’s foreign energy demand increased after the admission of the ten new member states in 2004. So Brussels sought sought alternative resources in the region in order to reduce its dependence on Russian supplies. China and India pursued cheap and stable energy supplies in the region. Russia tried to be a major energy supplier as well as preventing the global powers not to infiltrate into the region. This paper examines Russia’s policies about energy supply and transit in the “Near Abroad”. It concludes that Russia either prevent alternative projects which contradicted its interests or coerced its rivals to make concessions.

Keywords

• Russian Federation;
• "Near Abroad";
• Energy Rivalry;
• Transit Security

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