THE IMPACT OF MULTIFACETED LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE VOICE: MEDIATING ROLES OF INTRA-ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION AND KNOWLEDGE SHARING

Öz

The aim of the study is to examine the effect of multifaceted leadership on employee voice and the mediating role of organizational communication and knowledge sharing in this effect. The population of the study consists of non-managerial administrative staff at a state university in Turkey. The sample consists of 197 people who participated in the research with simple random sampling method. Questionnaire method was used to collect the data. The data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis through SPSS 25 and AMOS 24. For the validity and reliability of the scales, Cronbach’s Alpha value was analyzed. In addition, regression, correlation, CFA and frequency analyses were performed on the data. In the study, model analysis and hypothesis testing were performed with model 4 in Hayes Process Macro. The analysis revealed that multifaceted leadership positively influences employee voice, which in turn positively affects intra-organizational communication and knowledge sharing. Additionally, intra-organizational communication and knowledge sharing full mediate the relationship between multifaceted leadership and employee voice.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Multifaceted Leadership
• Employee Voice
• Intra-Organizational Communication
• Knowledge Sharing

ÇOK YÖNLÜ LİDERLİĞİN ÇALIŞAN SESLİLİĞİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: ÖRGÜT İÇİ İLETİŞİM VE BİLGİ PAYLAŞIMININ ARACILIK ROLLERİ

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı, çok yönlü liderliğin çalışan sesliliği üzerindeki etkisini ve bu etkide örgüt içi iletişim ve bilgi paylaşımının aracılık rolünü incelemektir. Araştırmanın ana kütlesini Türkiye'de bir devlet üniversitesinde yönetici olmayan idari çalışanlar oluşturmaktadır. Örneklem ise basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile araştırmaya katılan 197 kişiden oluşmaktadır. Verilerin toplanmasında anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 25 ve AMOS 24 aracılığıyla istatistiksel analize tabi tutulmuştur. Ölçeklerin geçerlilik ve güvenilirliği için Cronbach’s Alpha değeri analiz edilmiştir. Ayrıca veriler üzerinde regresyon, korelasyon, doğrulayıcı faktör (DFA) ve frekans analizleri yapılmıştır. Çalışmada model analizi ve hipotez testi Hayes Process Macro’da model 4 ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Analizler, çok yönlü liderliğin çalışanların sesini olumlu yönde etkilediğini, bunun da örgüt içi iletişimi ve bilgi paylaşımını olumlu yönde etkilediğini ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, örgüt içi iletişim ve bilgi paylaşımı, çok yönlü liderlik ve çalışan sesi arasındaki ilişkiye tam aracılık etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çok Yönlü Liderlik
• Çalışan Sesliliği
• Örgüt İçi İletişim
• Bilgi Paylaşımı

Kaynakça

1. Abdul-Azeez, O., Ihechere, A. O., & Idemudia, C. (2024). Transformational leadership in SMEs: Driving innovation, employee engagement, and business success. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 22(3), 1894-1905. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.3.1888
2. Ahmed, R. R., Štreimikienė, D., & Štreimikis, J. (2021). The extended Utaut model and learning management system during Covid-19: Evidence from PlS-SEM and conditional process modeling. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 23(1), 82–104. https://doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2021.15664
3. Ajmal, M., Sareet, Z. & Islam, A. (2025). Unleashing innovation through employee voice behavior in the hotel industry: the impact of ambidextrous leadership on innovative work behavior. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 8(2), 448-471. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-08-2023-0564
4. Akram, T., Lei, S., Haider, M. J., & Hussain, S. T. (2020). The impact of organizational justice on employee innovative work behavior: Mediating role of knowledge sharing. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 5(2), 117-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2019.10.001
5. Amin, A., Rehman, M., Basri, S., Capretz, L. F., Goraya, M. A. S., & Akbar, R. (2023). The impact of stressors on the relationship between personality traits, knowledge collection behaviour and programmer creativity intention in software engineering. Information and Software Technology, 163, 107288. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.infsof.2023.107288
6. Amitay, M., Popper, M., & Lipshitz, R. (2005). Leadership styles and organizational learning in community clinics. Learn Organ, 12(1), 57–70. https://doi. org/10.1108/09696470510574269
7. Anderson, J. C., & Gerbing, D. W. (1988). Structural equation modeling in practice: A review and recommended two-step approach. Psychological bulletin, 103(3), 411.
8. Andrioni, F., & Popp, L. E. (2012). Organizational communication in social care organizations from hunedoara county. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 62, 590-594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.099

9. Assefa, Y., Moges, B. T., Tilwani, S. A., & Shah, M. A. (2024). The mediating role of leader-member exchange (LMX) in the structural relationship between organizational justice and employee voice behaviour in higher education. Heliyon, 10(4), e26242 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26242
10. Avolio, B. J. & Bass, B. M. (2004). Multifactor leadership questionnaire. Manual and sampler set. (3rd ed.), Mind Garden.
11. Ayan, N. (2023). Kurum içi iletişim bağlamında sessizlik ve kurumsal güven: çalışanlar üzerine bir araştırma [Doktora Tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi.
12. Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator–mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173-1182.
13. Bartol, K. M. ve Srivastava, A. (2002). Encouraging knowledge sharing: The role of organizational reward systems. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. 9(1), 64-76.
14. Bass, B. M. (1991). Stogdill and bass handbook of leadership. Free Press.
15. Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2000). MLQ Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Mind Garden.
16. Bayrakdaroğlu, Y., Şenel, E., & Karakuş, K. (2022). Çok yönlü liderlik ile duygu düzenleme arasındaki ilişki. Spor Eğitim Dergisi, 6(3), 228-239. https://doi.org/10.55238/seder.1196385
17. Bilgin, O., & Işık, M. (2023). Kriz ve afetlerde kurum içi iletişimin yönetsel fonksiyonlar üzerindeki etkisine yönelik bir araştırma. Afet ve Risk Dergisi, 6(2), 489-509. https://doi.org/10.35341/afet.1178823
18. Bolinger, A. S., & Smith, R. D. (2001). Managing organizational knowledge as a strategic asset. Journal of Knowledge Management, 5(1), 8-18.
19. Bradshaw, R., Chebbi, M., & Oztel, H. (2015). Leadership and knowledge sharing. Asian Journal of Business Research, 4(3). http://www.magscholar.com/joomla/ images/docs/ajbr/ajbrv5n1/Leadership%20and%20Knowledge%20Sharing.pdf
20. Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper & Row.
21. Cherkowski, S., Kutsyuruba, B., & Walker, K. (2020). Positive leadership: animating purpose, presence, passion and play for flourishing in schools. Journal of Educational Administration, 58(4), 401-415. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-04-2019-0076
22. Constantin, E. C., & Baias, C. C. (2015). Employee voice–key factor in internal communication. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 975 – 978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.319
23. Çetin, Ş., & Çakmakçı, C. (2012). Çalışan sesliliği ölçeğinin Türkiye’ye uyarlama çalışması. Kara Harp Okulu Bilim Dergisi, 22(2), 1-20.
24. Dehghanan, H., Gheitarani, F., Rahimi, S., & Nawaser, K. (2021). A systematic review of leadership styles in organizations: Introducing the concept of a task-relationship–change leadership network. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 18(07), 2130007-25. https://doi.org/10.1142/S021987702130007X
25. Demidenko, E. (2007). Sample size determination for logistic regression revisited. Statistics in Medicine, 26, 3385-3397. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.2771
26. Demirhan, A., & Bozkurt, S. (2010). Banka çalışanlarının bilgi paylaşımı davranışına yönelik tutumlarını etkileyen faktörler üzerine bir araştırma. Journal of Yasar University, 18(5), 3016-3027.
27. Dubinsky, A. J., Yammarino, F. J., Jolson, M., & Spangler, W. D. (1995). Transformational leadership: an initial investigation in sales management. Journal of Personal Selling & Sales Management, 6, 17-31.
28. Dursun, M., Günay, M., & Yenel, İ. F. (2019). Çok yönlü liderlik yönelimleri ölçeği (ÇYLYÖ): geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 2(2), 333-347. https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.596370
29. Edezaro, P. O. (2022). Relationship between organizational justice, job satisfaction, perceived trust, employee voice, and organisational citizenship behaviuor. the mediation role of organisational communication. International Journal of Social Science and Education Research Studies, 2(1), 2770-2790.
30. Erkal, E. A. (2020). İşte var olamama bağlamında örgütsel sinizmin tükenmişlik üzerine etkisi: Atatürk Üniversitesi HELİTAM örneği [Doktora Tezi]. Atatürk Üniversitesi.
31. Eser, G., & Ensari, M. Ş. (2016). Yöneticinin bilgi paylaşım davranışının, çalışanların bilgi paylaşımı sonucu değersiz olma kaygısı üzerindeki etkisi ve algılanan örgütsel desteğin aracı rolü üzerine bir araştırma. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(2), 134-151. https://doi. org/10.20491/isarder.2016.173
32. Fernandez, S. (2005). Developing and testing an integrative framework for public sector leadership: Evidence from the public education arena. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 15(2), 197–217.
33. Fiedler, A., Casey, C., & Fath, B. (2021). Transnational employee voice and knowledge exchange in the multinational corporation: The eropean company (SE) experience. Human Relations, 74(7), 1033–1059. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726720905351
34. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: algebra and statistics. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 382-388.
35. Gelard, P., Boroumand, Z., & Mohammadi, A. (2014). Relationship between transformational leadership and knowledge management. International Journal of Information Science and Management, 12(2), 67-82.
36. Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri. (5. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık.
37. Gürgen, H. (1997). Örgütlerde iletişim kalitesi. Der Yayınları.
38. Göktaş Kulualp, H. (2016). Çalışan sesliliği ile bazı kişisel ve örgütsel özellikler arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi: Öğretim elemanları üzerine bir araştırma. Ege Academic Review, 16(4), 745-761.
39. Haider, S. A., Zubair, M., Tehseen, S., Iqbal, S., & Sohail, M. (2023). How does ambidextrous leadership promote innovation in project-based construction companies? Through mediating role of knowledge-sharing and moderating role of innovativeness. European Journal of Innovation Management, 26(1), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-02-2021-0083
40. Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook (p. 197). Springer Nature.
41. Hayes, A. F. (2012). Process: a versatile computational tool for observed variable mediation, moderation, and conditional process modeling. http://www.claudiaflowers.net/rsch8140/Hayesprocess.pdf
42. Hayes, A. F., & Scharkow, M. (2013). The relative trustworthiness of inferential tests of the indirect effect in statistical mediation analysis: Does method really matter?. Psychological science, 24(10), 1918-1927.
43. He, Z. L., & Wong, P.-K. (2004). Exploration vs. exploitation: An empirical test of the ambidexterity hypothesis. Organization Science, 15(4), 481–494.
44. Ipe, M. (2003). Knowledge Sharing in Organizations: A conceptual framework. Human Resource Development Review. 2(4), 337-359.
45. Işık, M. (2018). Bilgi paylaşımını etkileyen faktörler ve bilgi paylaşım sürecinin yenilikçi iş davranışına etkisi. Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari İncelemeler Dergisi, 641-656.
46. Jackson, T.A., J.P. Meyer & X. Wang. (2013). Leadership, commitment, and culture: A meta-analysis. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 20(1), 84–106. https://doi.org/10.1177/154805181246691
47. Jiony, M., Tanakinjal H. G., Gom, D., & Siganul R. S. (2015). Understanding the effect of organizational culture and employee engagement on organizational performance using organizational communication as mediator: a conceptual framework. American Journal of Economics, 5(2), 128-134. https://doi.org/10.5923/c.economics.201501.13
48. Kan, M. E. (2025). Kamu kurumlarında örgütsel desteğin çalışan sesliliği ve çalışanların bilgi uçurma davranışları üzerine etkisi. Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 157-174. http://doi.org/10.25287/ohuiibf.1512719
49. Keçeci, M., Süer, C., Meriç, B., Dural, U., & Çalışkan, E. (2017). Kurum içi iletişim ve algılanan güç kaynaklarının kuruma ve yöneticiye duyulan güven üzerindeki etkisi. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi, 52(2), 156-178.
50. Kılıç, H. A., & Erdem, İ. (2018). Çift yetenekli liderliğin çalışanların inovatif davranışları üzerindeki etkisi. International Journal of Management and Administration, 2(4), 81-90. https://doi.org/10.29064/ijma.448366
51. Kızıltoprak, V. (2019). Bankalarda bilgi paylaşımı [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi.
52. Kim, K. H., Qu, Y., & Saffer, A. (2025). Unraveling the dynamics of employee engagement: A study of employees’ information-sharing networks and voice behavior within organizations. Journal of Public Relations Research, 37(1-2), 135-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2024.2369641
53. Kremer, H., Villamor, I., & Aguinis, H. (2019). Innovation leadership: best-practice recommendations for promoting employee creativity, voice, and knowledge sharing. Business Horizons, 62(1), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.08.010
54. Kung, C. W., Uen, J. F., & Lin, S. C. (2020). Ambidextrous leadership and employee innovation in public museums. Chinese Management Studies, 14(4), 995-1014. https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-05-2018-0523
55. Kuo, F. Y., & Young, M. L. (2008). A study of the intention–action gap in knowledge sharing practices. Journal of The American Society for Information Science and Technology, 59(8), 1224 ‐ 1237. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.20816
56. Lai, V. S. (2001). Intraorganizational communication with intranets. Communications of the ACM, 44(7), 95-100.
57. Lee, J. N. (2001). The impact of knowledge sharing, organizational capability and partnership quality on IS outsourcing success. Information & Management. 38(5), 323-335. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7206(00)00074-4
58. Lee, J., Kim, S. L., & Yun, S. (2021). Encouraging employee voice: coworker knowledge sharing, psychological safety, and promotion focus. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(5), 1044-1069. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.2018014
59. Lewis, M. W., Welsh, M. A., Dehler, G., & Green, S. G. (2002). Product development tensions: Exploring contrasting styles of project management. Academy of Management Journal, 32(3), 546–564. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3069380
60. Malinga, K.S., Stander, M.W, & Nell, W. (2019). Positive leadership: Moving towards an integrated definition and interventions. In L. Van Zyl, & S. Rothmann Sr. (Eds.), Theoretical approaches to multi-cultural positive psychological interventions (pp. 201–228). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20583-6_9
61. Men, L. (2012). The effects of organizational leadership on strategic internal communication and employee outcomes [Doktora Tezi]. University of Miami.
62. Men, L. R. (2014). Why leadership matters to internal communication: linking transformational leadership, symmetrical communication, and employee outcomes. Journal of Public Relations Research, 26, 256-279. https://doi. org/10.1080/1062726X.2014.908719
63. Moldogaziev, T. T., & Silvia, C. (2015). Fostering affective organizational commitment in public sector agencies: The significance of multifaceted leadership roles. Public Administration, 93(3), 557-575. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12139
64. Morrison, E. W. (2014). Employee voice and silence. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 1(1), 173–197.
65. Oliver, S., & Kandadi, K. R. (2006). How to develop knowledge culture in organizations. A multiple case study of large distributed organizations. Journal of Knowledge Management, 10(4), 6-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/13673270610679336
66. Paksoy, M., Kumral, T., & Sarp, P. (2019). The mediating role of knowledge sharing in the effect of transactional leadershıp and transformational leadership on the organizational creativity. PressAcademia Procedia, 9(1), 69-73. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2019.1068
67. Politis, J. D. (2001). The relationship of various leadership styles to knowledge management. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 22, 354-364.
68. Purol, M., & Wosik, D. (2007). Internal communication as a factor of quality improvement in higher education – case study. In K. Leja (Ed.), Management issues in knowledge based university (pp. 111-119). Gdańsk University of Technology.
69. Richardsen, A. M., Ronald J. B., & Monica M. (2006). Work and health outcomes among police officers: the mediating role of police cynicism and engagement. International Journal of Stress Management, 13(4), 555.
70. Richmond, V., McCroskey, J., & McCroskey, L. (2005). Organizational communication for survival: Making work, work. Allyn & Bacon.
71. Rosing, K., Frese, M., & Bausch, A. (2011). Explaining the heterogeneity of the leadership innovation relationship. Ambidextrous leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 22(5), 956-974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.07.014
72. Sadia, A., Mohd, B., Kadir, A. Z., & Sanif, S. (2016). The relationship between organizational communication and employee’s productivity with new dimensions of effective communication flow. Journal of Business and Social Review in Emerging Economies, 2(2), 34-39. https://doi.org/10.26710/jbsee.v2i2.35
73. Savery, L. K. (1991). Perceived and preferred styles of leadership influences on employee job satisfaction. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 6, 28-32.
74. Schultz, M., & Hernes, T. (2013). A temporal perspective on organizational identity. Organization Science, 24(1), 1-21. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23362097?seq=1&cid=pdfreference#references_tab_contents
75. Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner’s guide to structural equation modeling. Lawrance Erlbaum.
76. Suzuki, M., Ando, N., & Nishikawa, H. (2018). Intra-organizational communication and its consequences. Management Decision, 57(1), 71-85. https://doi.org/10.1108/md-02-2018-0159
77. Taheri, P., & Irge, N. T. (2021). The role of knowledge sharing in the effect of leadership styles on employee’s organizational citizenship attitudes: a case of academics. Journal of Business Research-Turk, 13(4), 3652-3667. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2021.1347.
78. Tischler, L., Giambatista, R., McKeage, R., & McCormick, D. (2016). Servant leadership and its relationships with core self-evaluation and job satisfaction. The Journal of Values-Based Leadership, 9(1), 1-20.
79. Ullman, J.B., & Bentler, P.M. (2003). Structural equation modeling. Handbook of psychology, 607-634. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471264385.wei0224.
80. Uttley, J. (2019). Power analysis, sample size, and assessment of statistical assumptions— improving the evidential of lighting research. LEUKOS, 15(2-3), 143–162 https://doi.org/10.1080/15502724.2018.1533851
81. Van Dyne, L., & Le Pine, J. A. (1998). Helping and voice extra role behaviors: Evidence of construct and predictive validity. Academy of Management Journal, 41(1), 108-119.
82. Wang, Z., Xu, S., Sun, Y., & Liu, Y. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee voice: an affective perspective. Frontiers of Business Research in China, 13(1), 1-14.) https://doi.org/10.1186/s11782-019-0049-y
83. Withey, M. J., & Cooper, W. H. (1989). Predicting exit, voice, loyalty and neglect. Administrative Science Quarterly, 34(4), 521-539.
84. Wu, Y., & Zhu, W. (2012). An integrated theoretical model for determinants of knowledge sharing behaviours. Kybernetes, 41(10), 1462-1482. https://doi.org/10.1108/03684921211276675
85. Yavuz, E., Demirel, M. A., & Aydın, H. (2024). Çok yönlü liderlik yönelimlerinin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışına etkisi. İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(3), 1837-1850. https://doi.org/10.20491/isarder.2024.1888
86. Yıldırım, S. Ş. (2022). Çok yönlü (çift yetenekli) liderlik. Ü. Bike Esen (Der.), Liderliğin dönüşümü: postmodern liderlik teorileri, (ss. 1-13). Nobel Bilimsel Dağıtım.
87. Zacher, H., Robinson, A. J., & Rosing, K. (2016). Ambidextrous leadership and employees’ self-reported innovative performance: the role of exploration and exploitation behaviors. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 50(1), 24–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.66