Araştırma Makalesi
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MAKYAVELİZMİN KÜLTÜR VE GİRİŞİMCİLİK EĞİLİMİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİYE OLAN ETKİSİ

Yıl 2020, , 235 - 254, 29.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.24889/ifede.839752

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı bireysel ve kolektivist kültürler ile kişilik özelliklerinden biri olan Makyavelizm’in girişimcilik eğilimi üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma için nicel araştırma yöntemi kullanılmıştır ve veriler anket yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Literatür taraması sonrası kullanılan ölçekler seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini İstanbul’da bulunan bir vakıf üniversitesinin lisans ve lisansüstü öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Amabile, T. M. (1997). Motivating Creativity in Organizations: On doing What You Love and Loving What You Do. California Management Review, 40(1), PP 39- 58.
  • Antoncic, B. & Hisrich, R. D. (2001). Intrapreneurship: Construct Refinement and Cross-Cultural Validation. Journal of Business Venturing, 16, PP 495–527.
  • Antoncic, B. & Hisrich, R. D. (2003). Clarifying the Intrapreneurship Concept. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 10 (1), PP 7-24.
  • Bamber, D., Owens J., Davies J., & Suleman, A. (2002). Enabling the Emergent Entrepreneurial Organization to Develop New Products. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 8(4), PP 203-221.
  • Baum, J. R., Locke, E. A., & Smith, K. G. (2001). A multidmensional model of venture growth. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), PP292-303.
  • Berger, B. (1991). The Culture of Entrepreneurship. San Francisco, California: ICS Press.
  • Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), PP442-453.
  • Browne, M.W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K.A. Bollen, & J. S. (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (PP 136-162). Long. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., Witte, H., Soenens, B., & Lens, W. (2010). Capturing autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work: Construction and initial validation of the Work- related Basic Need Satisfaction scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(4), PP 981-1002.
  • Byrne, D. (2008). The oversubsidized periphery - who benefits? Radical Statistics. 97(2), PP 1-11.
  • Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), PP 295-316.
  • Christie, R., Geis, F. L., & Berger, D. (1970). Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press.
  • Collins, C. J., Hanges, P. J., & Locke, E. A. (2004). The relationship of achievement motivation to entrepreneurial behavior: A meta-analysis. Human performance, 17(1), PP 95-117.
  • Crant, J. M. (1996). The proactive personality scale as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions. Management, 29(3), PP 62-74.
  • Cromie, S. (2000). Assessing entrepreneurial inclinations: Some approaches and empirical evidence. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 9 (1), PP 7-30.
  • Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), PP 555-590.
  • Davidsson, P. (1995). Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions. RENT XI Workshop. Piacenza, ITALY.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological inquiry, 11(4), PP 227-268.
  • Demirci, A. E. 2013. Cross-cultural differences in entrepreneurial tendencies: An Exploratory view in Turkey and Canada. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 17, PP 77-98.
  • Elfving, J., Brännback, M., & Carsrud, A. (2009). Toward a contextual model of entrepreneurial intentions. In Carsrud A., Brännback M. (eds), Understanding the Entrepreneurial Mind (PP 23-33). New York: Springer.
  • Erez, M., & Earley, P.C. (1993). Culture, self-identity, and work. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Fiş, A. M., & Wasti, S. A. (2009). Örgüt kültürü ve girişimcilik yönelimi ilişkisi. METU Studies in Development (Muhan Soysal Special Issue), 35, PP 127-164.
  • Franke, N., & Lüthje, C. (2004). Entrepreneurial intentions of business students—A benchmarking study. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 1(3), PP 269-288.
  • Gartner, W. B., & Shane, S. A. (1995). Measuring entrepreneurship over time. Journal of Business Venturing, 10(4), PP 283-301.
  • Hair, J.F., Anderson, Jr. R.E., Tatham, R.L., & Black, W.C. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis. NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Heinrichs, S., & Walter, S. (2013). Who Becomes an Entrepreneur? A 30-Years-Review of Individual-Level Research and an Agenda for Future Research. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 22(2), PP 225-248.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work- related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's Recent Consequences: Using Dimension Scores in Theory and Research. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management. 1(1), PP 11-17.
  • Hornsby, J. S., Kuratko, D. F. & Zahra, S. A. (2002). Middle Managers’ Perception of the Internal Environment for Corporate Entrepreneurship: Assessing a Measurement Scale. Journal of Business Venturing, 17(3), PP 253-273.
  • House, R. J., Shane, S. A., & Herold, D. M. (1996). Rumors of the death of dispositional research are vastly exaggerated. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), PP 203-224.
  • Jones, G.E. & Kavanagh, M.J. (1996) An experimental examination of the effect of individual and situational factors on ethical behavioral intentions in the workplace, Journal of Business Ethics, 15, PP 511 - 523.
  • Kline, R.B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Kluckhohn, C. (1954). Culture and behavior. In G. Lindzey (Ed.), Handbook of social psychology. (Vol. 2, PP 921-970). Cambridge, Mass: Addison-Weseley.
  • Koh, H. C. (1996). Testing hypotheses of entrepreneurial characteristics: a study of Hong Kong MBA students. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 11(3), PP 12-25.
  • Krueger Jr, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5), PP 411-432.
  • Krueger, N. F. (2006). Identifying Growth Opportunities: Testing a Personal Entrepreneurial Orientation. Available at SSRN 1155250.
  • Krueger, N. F. (2007). What lies beneath? The experiential essence of entrepreneurial thinking. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(1), PP 123-138.
  • Lachman, R. (1980). Toward measurement of entrepreneurial tendencies. Management International Review, 20(2), PP 108-116.
  • Liñán, F. (2008). Skill and value perceptions: how do they affect entrepreneurial intentions?. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(3), PP 257-272.
  • Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and Cross-Cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), PP 593-617.
  • Loon, M., & Casimir, G. (2008). Job-demand for learning and job-related learning: the moderating effect of need for achievement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(1), PP 89-102.
  • Lüthje, C., & Franke, N. (2003). The ‘making’ of an entrepreneur: testing a model of entrepreneurial intent among engineering students at MIT. R&D Management, 33(2), PP 135-147.
  • Maccoby, M. (2004). Narcissistic leaders: The incredible pros, the inevitable cons. Harvard Business Review, 82(1), 92.
  • Martins, E. C & Terblanche, F. (2003). Building Organizational Culture that Stimulates Creativity and Innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 6(1), PP 64-74.
  • Mazzarol, T. (2007). Awakening the Entrepreneur: An Examination of Entrepreneurial Orientation among MBA Students. In EFMD 37th Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Small Business (EISB) Annual Conference (PP 13-14). Ljubljana, SLOVENIA.
  • Mazzarol, T., Volery, T., Doss, D., & Thein, V. (1999). Factors Influencing Small Business Start-Ups: A Comparison with Previous Research. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 5(2), PP 48-63.
  • McAlpine, A. (1999). The New Machiavelli: The Art of Politics in Business. US: John Wiley & Sons.
  • McClelland, D. C. (1987). Human Motivation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mills J, & Clark MS. (1982). Exchange and communal relationships. In L. Wheeler (Ed.), Personality and Social Psychology (PP121-44). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • McLean, L. D. (2005). Organizational Culture’s Influence on Creativity and Innovation: A Review of the Literature and Implications for Human Resource Development. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7(2), PP 226-246.
  • Morris, M. H., Davis, D. L., & Allen, J. W. (1994). Fostering corporate entrepreneurship: Cross-cultural comparisons of the importance of individualism versus collectivism. Journal of International Business Studies, 25, PP 65-89.
  • Morris, M.H. Schindehutte, M. Walton, J. & Allen, J. (2002). The ethical context of entrepreneurship: Proposing and testing a developmental framework. Journal of Business Ethics, 40(4), PP 331-361.
  • Neely, A. & Hii, J. (1998). Innovation and Business Performance Literature Review. Judge Institute of Management Studies University of Cambridge, England.
  • O’Connor, W.E., & Morrison, T.G. (2001). A comparison of situational and dispositional predictors of perceptions of organizational politics. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary & Applied, 135, PP 301-312.
  • Pinillos, M. J., & Reyes, L. (2011). Relationship between individualist–collectivist culture and entrepreneurial activity: evidence from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data. Small Business Economics, 37 (1), PP 23-37.
  • Ramamurti, R. (1986). Public Entrepreneurs: Who They Are and How They Operate, California Management Review, 28(3), PP 142-158.
  • Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Freese, M., & Lumpkin, T. (2004). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: Cumulative empirical evidence. In 23rd Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference, (PP 164-177). Glasgow, UK.
  • Rocha, R. (2010). What Can Machiavelli Teach You About Business? Success Correspondent. Every other Saturday. Retrieved from http://www.askmen.com/money/successful_100/119_success.htmlon 14.11.2018.
  • Ronen, S. & Shenkar, O. (1985). Clustering Countries on Attitudinal Dimensions: A Review and Synthesis. Academy of Management Review, 10(3), PP 435-454.
  • Salancik, G. R. & Pfeffer, J. (1978). A Social Information Processing Approach to Job Attitudes and Task Design. Administrative Science Quarterly, 23(2), PP 224- 253.
  • Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of management Review, 25(1), PP 217-226.
  • Sharma, P. & Chrisman, S. J. J. (1999). Toward a Reconciliation of the Definitional Issues in the Field of Corporate Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(3), PP 11-27.
  • Singelis, T. M., Triandis, H. C., Bhawuk, D., & Gelfand, M. J. (1995). Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: A theoretical and measurement refinement. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(3), PP 240-275.
  • Stevenson, H. H., & Jarillo, J. C. (1990). A paradigm of entrepreneurship: entrepreneurial management. Strategic Management Journal, 11(5), PP 17-27.
  • Stormer, F., Kline, T., & Goldenberg, S. (1999). Measuring entrepreneurship with the General Enterprising Tendency (GET) Test: Criterion-related validity and reliability. Human Systems Management, 18(1), PP 47-52.
  • Thomas, A. S., & Mueller, S. L. (2000). A case for comparative entrepreneurship: Assessing the relevance of culture. Journal of International Business Studies, PP 287-301.
  • Tiessen, J. H. (1997). Individualism, collectivism, and entrepreneurship: A framework for international comparative research. Journal of Business Venturing, 12(5), PP 367-384.
  • Tiftik, H. & Zincirkiran, M. (2014). A Survey of Entrepreneurial Tendencies Candidate Young Entrepreneurs: Foundation University Sample. Journal of Management Research, 6(2), PP 177-200.
  • Triandis, H.C. (1990). Cross-cultural studies of individualism-collectivism. J. B. Lincoln (ed.), In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (PP 41-133). University of Nebraska Press.
  • Triandis, H.C., McCusker, C., & Hui C.H. (1990). Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personal Sociological Psychology, 59(5), PP 1006–1020.
  • Triandis, H.C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder: Wet View.
  • Triandis, H. C., Chen, X. P., & Chan, D. K. (1998). Scenarios for the measurement of collectivism and individualism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29(2), PP 275-289.
  • Triandis, H.C., & Gelfand, M.J. (1998). Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), PP 118-128.
  • Triandis, H. C. (2001). Individualism - collectivism and personality. Journal of Personality, 69(6), PP 907-924.
  • Wasti, S. A., & Erdil, S. (2007). Bireycilik ve toplulukçuluk değerlerinin ölçülmesi: Benlik kurgusu ve INDCOL ölçeklerinin Türkçe geçerlemesi. Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7, PP 39-66.
  • Weisinger, J. Y.,& Salipante, P. F. (2000). Cultural Knowing As Practicing Extending Our Conceptions of Culture. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(4), PP 376-390.
  • Woodman, R. W., Sawyer, J. E., & Griffin, R. W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Academy of Management Review, 18(2), PP 293-321.
  • Wu, W., Wang, H., Zheng, C., & Wu, Y. J. (2019). Effect of narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism on entrepreneurial intention-the mediating of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 360.
  • Yilmaz, E., & Sünbül, A. M. (2009). Üniversite Öğrencilerine Yönelik Girişimcilik Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi. Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal, 21, PP 195-203.
  • Zeffane, R. (2013). Need for Achievement, Personality And Entrepreneurial Potential: A Study Of Young Adults In The United Arab Emirates. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 21(1), PP 75-105.

THE IMPACT OF MACHIAVELLINISM ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL TENDENCY

Yıl 2020, , 235 - 254, 29.01.2021
https://doi.org/10.24889/ifede.839752

Öz

The focus of this study is to explore the role of individualistic and collectivistic culture and Machiavellian side of the personality on entrepreneurial tendency. Quantitative research method is employed for the study. The survey method was used to collect the data. The scales used were selected after a careful literature review and were adapted to the Turkish culture by using of the method of translation and back translation. The subjects included both undergraduate and graduate students studying at the Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences and at the Social Sciences Institute of a private university located in Istanbul.

Kaynakça

  • Amabile, T. M. (1997). Motivating Creativity in Organizations: On doing What You Love and Loving What You Do. California Management Review, 40(1), PP 39- 58.
  • Antoncic, B. & Hisrich, R. D. (2001). Intrapreneurship: Construct Refinement and Cross-Cultural Validation. Journal of Business Venturing, 16, PP 495–527.
  • Antoncic, B. & Hisrich, R. D. (2003). Clarifying the Intrapreneurship Concept. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 10 (1), PP 7-24.
  • Bamber, D., Owens J., Davies J., & Suleman, A. (2002). Enabling the Emergent Entrepreneurial Organization to Develop New Products. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior and Research, 8(4), PP 203-221.
  • Baum, J. R., Locke, E. A., & Smith, K. G. (2001). A multidmensional model of venture growth. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), PP292-303.
  • Berger, B. (1991). The Culture of Entrepreneurship. San Francisco, California: ICS Press.
  • Bird, B. (1988). Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention. Academy of Management Review, 13(3), PP442-453.
  • Browne, M.W., & Cudeck, R. (1993). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. In K.A. Bollen, & J. S. (Eds.), Testing structural equation models (PP 136-162). Long. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Broeck, A., Vansteenkiste, M., Witte, H., Soenens, B., & Lens, W. (2010). Capturing autonomy, competence, and relatedness at work: Construction and initial validation of the Work- related Basic Need Satisfaction scale. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(4), PP 981-1002.
  • Byrne, D. (2008). The oversubsidized periphery - who benefits? Radical Statistics. 97(2), PP 1-11.
  • Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G., & Crick, A. (1998). Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), PP 295-316.
  • Christie, R., Geis, F. L., & Berger, D. (1970). Studies in Machiavellianism. New York: Academic Press.
  • Collins, C. J., Hanges, P. J., & Locke, E. A. (2004). The relationship of achievement motivation to entrepreneurial behavior: A meta-analysis. Human performance, 17(1), PP 95-117.
  • Crant, J. M. (1996). The proactive personality scale as a predictor of entrepreneurial intentions. Management, 29(3), PP 62-74.
  • Cromie, S. (2000). Assessing entrepreneurial inclinations: Some approaches and empirical evidence. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 9 (1), PP 7-30.
  • Damanpour, F. (1991). Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators. Academy of Management Journal, 34(3), PP 555-590.
  • Davidsson, P. (1995). Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions. RENT XI Workshop. Piacenza, ITALY.
  • Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The" what" and" why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological inquiry, 11(4), PP 227-268.
  • Demirci, A. E. 2013. Cross-cultural differences in entrepreneurial tendencies: An Exploratory view in Turkey and Canada. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 17, PP 77-98.
  • Elfving, J., Brännback, M., & Carsrud, A. (2009). Toward a contextual model of entrepreneurial intentions. In Carsrud A., Brännback M. (eds), Understanding the Entrepreneurial Mind (PP 23-33). New York: Springer.
  • Erez, M., & Earley, P.C. (1993). Culture, self-identity, and work. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Fiş, A. M., & Wasti, S. A. (2009). Örgüt kültürü ve girişimcilik yönelimi ilişkisi. METU Studies in Development (Muhan Soysal Special Issue), 35, PP 127-164.
  • Franke, N., & Lüthje, C. (2004). Entrepreneurial intentions of business students—A benchmarking study. International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, 1(3), PP 269-288.
  • Gartner, W. B., & Shane, S. A. (1995). Measuring entrepreneurship over time. Journal of Business Venturing, 10(4), PP 283-301.
  • Hair, J.F., Anderson, Jr. R.E., Tatham, R.L., & Black, W.C. (2009). Multivariate Data Analysis. NJ: Prentice Hall.
  • Heinrichs, S., & Walter, S. (2013). Who Becomes an Entrepreneur? A 30-Years-Review of Individual-Level Research and an Agenda for Future Research. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 22(2), PP 225-248.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work- related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's Recent Consequences: Using Dimension Scores in Theory and Research. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management. 1(1), PP 11-17.
  • Hornsby, J. S., Kuratko, D. F. & Zahra, S. A. (2002). Middle Managers’ Perception of the Internal Environment for Corporate Entrepreneurship: Assessing a Measurement Scale. Journal of Business Venturing, 17(3), PP 253-273.
  • House, R. J., Shane, S. A., & Herold, D. M. (1996). Rumors of the death of dispositional research are vastly exaggerated. Academy of Management Review, 21(1), PP 203-224.
  • Jones, G.E. & Kavanagh, M.J. (1996) An experimental examination of the effect of individual and situational factors on ethical behavioral intentions in the workplace, Journal of Business Ethics, 15, PP 511 - 523.
  • Kline, R.B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). New York: Guilford Press.
  • Kluckhohn, C. (1954). Culture and behavior. In G. Lindzey (Ed.), Handbook of social psychology. (Vol. 2, PP 921-970). Cambridge, Mass: Addison-Weseley.
  • Koh, H. C. (1996). Testing hypotheses of entrepreneurial characteristics: a study of Hong Kong MBA students. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 11(3), PP 12-25.
  • Krueger Jr, N. F., Reilly, M. D., & Carsrud, A. L. (2000). Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions. Journal of Business Venturing, 15(5), PP 411-432.
  • Krueger, N. F. (2006). Identifying Growth Opportunities: Testing a Personal Entrepreneurial Orientation. Available at SSRN 1155250.
  • Krueger, N. F. (2007). What lies beneath? The experiential essence of entrepreneurial thinking. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(1), PP 123-138.
  • Lachman, R. (1980). Toward measurement of entrepreneurial tendencies. Management International Review, 20(2), PP 108-116.
  • Liñán, F. (2008). Skill and value perceptions: how do they affect entrepreneurial intentions?. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 4(3), PP 257-272.
  • Liñán, F., & Chen, Y. W. (2009). Development and Cross-Cultural application of a specific instrument to measure entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(3), PP 593-617.
  • Loon, M., & Casimir, G. (2008). Job-demand for learning and job-related learning: the moderating effect of need for achievement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 23(1), PP 89-102.
  • Lüthje, C., & Franke, N. (2003). The ‘making’ of an entrepreneur: testing a model of entrepreneurial intent among engineering students at MIT. R&D Management, 33(2), PP 135-147.
  • Maccoby, M. (2004). Narcissistic leaders: The incredible pros, the inevitable cons. Harvard Business Review, 82(1), 92.
  • Martins, E. C & Terblanche, F. (2003). Building Organizational Culture that Stimulates Creativity and Innovation. European Journal of Innovation Management, 6(1), PP 64-74.
  • Mazzarol, T. (2007). Awakening the Entrepreneur: An Examination of Entrepreneurial Orientation among MBA Students. In EFMD 37th Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Small Business (EISB) Annual Conference (PP 13-14). Ljubljana, SLOVENIA.
  • Mazzarol, T., Volery, T., Doss, D., & Thein, V. (1999). Factors Influencing Small Business Start-Ups: A Comparison with Previous Research. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour and Research, 5(2), PP 48-63.
  • McAlpine, A. (1999). The New Machiavelli: The Art of Politics in Business. US: John Wiley & Sons.
  • McClelland, D. C. (1987). Human Motivation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Mills J, & Clark MS. (1982). Exchange and communal relationships. In L. Wheeler (Ed.), Personality and Social Psychology (PP121-44). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • McLean, L. D. (2005). Organizational Culture’s Influence on Creativity and Innovation: A Review of the Literature and Implications for Human Resource Development. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 7(2), PP 226-246.
  • Morris, M. H., Davis, D. L., & Allen, J. W. (1994). Fostering corporate entrepreneurship: Cross-cultural comparisons of the importance of individualism versus collectivism. Journal of International Business Studies, 25, PP 65-89.
  • Morris, M.H. Schindehutte, M. Walton, J. & Allen, J. (2002). The ethical context of entrepreneurship: Proposing and testing a developmental framework. Journal of Business Ethics, 40(4), PP 331-361.
  • Neely, A. & Hii, J. (1998). Innovation and Business Performance Literature Review. Judge Institute of Management Studies University of Cambridge, England.
  • O’Connor, W.E., & Morrison, T.G. (2001). A comparison of situational and dispositional predictors of perceptions of organizational politics. Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary & Applied, 135, PP 301-312.
  • Pinillos, M. J., & Reyes, L. (2011). Relationship between individualist–collectivist culture and entrepreneurial activity: evidence from Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data. Small Business Economics, 37 (1), PP 23-37.
  • Ramamurti, R. (1986). Public Entrepreneurs: Who They Are and How They Operate, California Management Review, 28(3), PP 142-158.
  • Rauch, A., Wiklund, J., Freese, M., & Lumpkin, T. (2004). Entrepreneurial orientation and business performance: Cumulative empirical evidence. In 23rd Babson College Entrepreneurship Research Conference, (PP 164-177). Glasgow, UK.
  • Rocha, R. (2010). What Can Machiavelli Teach You About Business? Success Correspondent. Every other Saturday. Retrieved from http://www.askmen.com/money/successful_100/119_success.htmlon 14.11.2018.
  • Ronen, S. & Shenkar, O. (1985). Clustering Countries on Attitudinal Dimensions: A Review and Synthesis. Academy of Management Review, 10(3), PP 435-454.
  • Salancik, G. R. & Pfeffer, J. (1978). A Social Information Processing Approach to Job Attitudes and Task Design. Administrative Science Quarterly, 23(2), PP 224- 253.
  • Shane, S., & Venkataraman, S. (2000). The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research. Academy of management Review, 25(1), PP 217-226.
  • Sharma, P. & Chrisman, S. J. J. (1999). Toward a Reconciliation of the Definitional Issues in the Field of Corporate Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(3), PP 11-27.
  • Singelis, T. M., Triandis, H. C., Bhawuk, D., & Gelfand, M. J. (1995). Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: A theoretical and measurement refinement. Cross-Cultural Research, 29(3), PP 240-275.
  • Stevenson, H. H., & Jarillo, J. C. (1990). A paradigm of entrepreneurship: entrepreneurial management. Strategic Management Journal, 11(5), PP 17-27.
  • Stormer, F., Kline, T., & Goldenberg, S. (1999). Measuring entrepreneurship with the General Enterprising Tendency (GET) Test: Criterion-related validity and reliability. Human Systems Management, 18(1), PP 47-52.
  • Thomas, A. S., & Mueller, S. L. (2000). A case for comparative entrepreneurship: Assessing the relevance of culture. Journal of International Business Studies, PP 287-301.
  • Tiessen, J. H. (1997). Individualism, collectivism, and entrepreneurship: A framework for international comparative research. Journal of Business Venturing, 12(5), PP 367-384.
  • Tiftik, H. & Zincirkiran, M. (2014). A Survey of Entrepreneurial Tendencies Candidate Young Entrepreneurs: Foundation University Sample. Journal of Management Research, 6(2), PP 177-200.
  • Triandis, H.C. (1990). Cross-cultural studies of individualism-collectivism. J. B. Lincoln (ed.), In Nebraska Symposium on Motivation (PP 41-133). University of Nebraska Press.
  • Triandis, H.C., McCusker, C., & Hui C.H. (1990). Multimethod probes of individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personal Sociological Psychology, 59(5), PP 1006–1020.
  • Triandis, H.C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder: Wet View.
  • Triandis, H. C., Chen, X. P., & Chan, D. K. (1998). Scenarios for the measurement of collectivism and individualism. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29(2), PP 275-289.
  • Triandis, H.C., & Gelfand, M.J. (1998). Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(1), PP 118-128.
  • Triandis, H. C. (2001). Individualism - collectivism and personality. Journal of Personality, 69(6), PP 907-924.
  • Wasti, S. A., & Erdil, S. (2007). Bireycilik ve toplulukçuluk değerlerinin ölçülmesi: Benlik kurgusu ve INDCOL ölçeklerinin Türkçe geçerlemesi. Yönetim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 7, PP 39-66.
  • Weisinger, J. Y.,& Salipante, P. F. (2000). Cultural Knowing As Practicing Extending Our Conceptions of Culture. Journal of Management Inquiry, 9(4), PP 376-390.
  • Woodman, R. W., Sawyer, J. E., & Griffin, R. W. (1993). Toward a theory of organizational creativity. Academy of Management Review, 18(2), PP 293-321.
  • Wu, W., Wang, H., Zheng, C., & Wu, Y. J. (2019). Effect of narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism on entrepreneurial intention-the mediating of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 360.
  • Yilmaz, E., & Sünbül, A. M. (2009). Üniversite Öğrencilerine Yönelik Girişimcilik Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi. Selcuk University Social Sciences Institute Journal, 21, PP 195-203.
  • Zeffane, R. (2013). Need for Achievement, Personality And Entrepreneurial Potential: A Study Of Young Adults In The United Arab Emirates. Journal of Enterprising Culture, 21(1), PP 75-105.
Toplam 80 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

Deniz Zaptçıoğlu Çelikdemir 0000-0002-5511-9661

Alev Katrinli 0000-0002-7997-1293

Begüm Samur Temaran Bu kişi benim 0000-0001-8532-4933

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020

Kaynak Göster

APA Zaptçıoğlu Çelikdemir, D., Katrinli, A., & Samur Temaran, B. (2021). THE IMPACT OF MACHIAVELLINISM ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL TENDENCY. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(2), 235-254. https://doi.org/10.24889/ifede.839752
AMA Zaptçıoğlu Çelikdemir D, Katrinli A, Samur Temaran B. THE IMPACT OF MACHIAVELLINISM ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL TENDENCY. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi. Ocak 2021;21(2):235-254. doi:10.24889/ifede.839752
Chicago Zaptçıoğlu Çelikdemir, Deniz, Alev Katrinli, ve Begüm Samur Temaran. “THE IMPACT OF MACHIAVELLINISM ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL TENDENCY”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi 21, sy. 2 (Ocak 2021): 235-54. https://doi.org/10.24889/ifede.839752.
EndNote Zaptçıoğlu Çelikdemir D, Katrinli A, Samur Temaran B (01 Ocak 2021) THE IMPACT OF MACHIAVELLINISM ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL TENDENCY. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi 21 2 235–254.
IEEE D. Zaptçıoğlu Çelikdemir, A. Katrinli, ve B. Samur Temaran, “THE IMPACT OF MACHIAVELLINISM ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL TENDENCY”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 21, sy. 2, ss. 235–254, 2021, doi: 10.24889/ifede.839752.
ISNAD Zaptçıoğlu Çelikdemir, Deniz vd. “THE IMPACT OF MACHIAVELLINISM ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL TENDENCY”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi 21/2 (Ocak 2021), 235-254. https://doi.org/10.24889/ifede.839752.
JAMA Zaptçıoğlu Çelikdemir D, Katrinli A, Samur Temaran B. THE IMPACT OF MACHIAVELLINISM ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL TENDENCY. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;21:235–254.
MLA Zaptçıoğlu Çelikdemir, Deniz vd. “THE IMPACT OF MACHIAVELLINISM ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL TENDENCY”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 21, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 235-54, doi:10.24889/ifede.839752.
Vancouver Zaptçıoğlu Çelikdemir D, Katrinli A, Samur Temaran B. THE IMPACT OF MACHIAVELLINISM ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTURE AND ENTREPRENEURIAL TENDENCY. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi. 2021;21(2):235-54.
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