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CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STYLES IN RELATION TO CULTURAL DIMENSIONS

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 245 - 262, 01.12.2009

Öz

Ulusal Kültüre bağlı olarak örgüt kültürünün boyutları “bireyciliktoplulukçuluk”, “erillik-dişillik”, “düşük güç aralığı-yüksek güç aralığı” ve “belirsizlikten kaçınma” varsayımları olarak yazında da karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu kültürel varsayımların örgüt içinde birçok uygulama, davranış veya değişkenle ilişki içinde olduğu söylenebilir. Bu çalışmada örgüt içinde çatışma çözmeyi ele alış tarzlarıyla kültürel varsayımlar arasında nasıl bir ilişki olduğu irdelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda toplulukçu kültürü daha fazla sergileyen bireylerin uyma davranışını da daha fazla sergiledikleri, dişil olanların ise işbirlikçi ve uzlaşmacı çatışma çözme tarzını benimsedikleri görülmüştür. Güç aralığı daha dar olanların uyma davranışını daha fazla sergilediklerini, güç aralığı daha geniş olan çalışanların ise kaçınmayla çatışmayı ele aldıkları görülmüştür. Son olarak ise belirsizlikten kaçınma düzeyleri düşük olanların tüm çatışma çözme tarzlarını benimsedikleri bulgular arasındadır. result of the analyses, it has been found that the higher the collectivist an individual is, the more likely he/she is to accomodate, the higher the feminist an individual is, the more likely he/she is to to cooperate or compromise and lower the power distance an individual has, the more likely he/she is to accomodate whereas the higher the power distance an individual has the more likely he/she is to withdraw when managing conflict. Finally the lower the uncertainty avoidance is, the more likely to adopt all the styles of conflict management

Kaynakça

  • Barratt, A. (1989). Doing Business in a Different Culture: The Implications for Management Development. Journal for European Industrial Training, 13(4), 28-31.
  • Begley, T.M., Lee, C., Fang, Y. & Li, J. (2002). Power Distance as a Moderator of the Relationship between Justice and Employees Outcomes in a Sample of Chinese Employees. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(8), 692-711.
  • Blake, R.R. & Mouton, J.S. (1964). The Managerial Grid. Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX. Bochner, S. & Hesketh,
  • B. (1994). Power Distance,
  • Individualism/Collectivism, and Job-Related Attitudes in Culturally
  • Diverse Work Group. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 25, 233-257.
  • Bond, M.H. (1991). Beyond the Chinese Face: Insights from Psychology. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
  • Di Maggio, P. & Powell, W.W. (1983). The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organisational Fields. American Sociological Review, 48, 147-180.
  • Dreu De, K.W., Evers, A., Beersma, B., Kluwer, S.E. & Nauta, A. (2001). A Theory Based Model of Conflict Management Strategies in the Workplace. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 645-668.
  • Drory, A. & Ritov, I. (1997). Effects of Work Experience and Opponent's Power on Conflict Management Styles. International Journal of Conflict Management, 8(2), 148-161.
  • Graf, L.A, Hemmasi M., Lust, J.A. & Liang, Y. (1990). Perception of Desirable Organisational Reforms in Chinese State Enterprises. International Studies of Management and Organisation, 20, 47-56.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Hofstede, G. (1983). The Cultural Relativity of Oganizational Practices and Theories. Journal of International Business Studies, 14, 75-89.
  • Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and Organisations: Software of the Mind. London: Mcgraw-Hill.
  • Hofstede, G. (1993). Cultural Constraints in Management Theories. Academy Of Management Executive, 7(1), 81-94.
  • Hofstede, G. (1997). Cultures and Organisations: Software of the Mind, Rev. Éd. London: Mcgraw-Hill.
  • Hofstede, G. & Bond, M. (1984). Hofstede's Culture Dimensions: An Independent Validation Using Rokeach's Value Survey. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 15(4), 417-33.
  • Hofstede, G. (2008). Value Survey Module, The VSM 08. İndirilme Tarihi: 03 Ekim 2008, WWW:Web:http://Stuwww.Uvt.Nl/~Csmeets /Index.Html
  • Hogan, G.W. & Goodson, J.R. (1990). The Key to Expatriate Success. Training and Development Journal, 44(1), 50-52.
  • Holt, J.L. & Devore, J.C. (2005). Culture, Gender, Organizational Role and Styles of Conflict Resolution: Meta Analysis. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 29(2), 165-196.
  • Huo, Y.P. & Randall, D.M. (1991). Exploring Subcultural Differences in Hofstede's Value Survey: The Case of the Chinese. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 8(2), 159-173.
  • Ilban, T. & Giritli, H. (2008). Cultural Aspects of Conflict Management in International Construction. Securing High Performance through Cultural Awareness Conference on Multi-National Construction Projects, Shanghai- China, November, 21-23.
  • Dispute Avoidance-International
  • Kilmann, R.H., & Thomas, K.W. (1975). Interpersonal Conflict-Handling Behavior as a Reflection of Jungian Personality Dimensions. Psychological Reports, 37, 971-980.
  • Kozan, M.K. (1989). Cultural Influences on Styles of Handling Interpersonal Conflict: Comparisons among Jordanian, Turkish, and U.S. Managers. Human Relations, 42, 787-799.
  • Kuşçuluoğlu, S. (2004). A Study on Conflict Styles of Individual’s in Relation to the Dominant Personality Factors. MA Thesis, Marmara University, Institute of Social Sciences, Faculty of Business Administration, İstanbul.
  • Leung, K. (1987). Some Determinants of Reactions to Procedural Models for Conflict Resolution: A Cross-National Study, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 898-907.
  • Mohammed, U.K. & White, G.R.T. (2008). Culture and Conflict Management Style of International Project Managers. International Journal of Business and Management, 13(5), 3-11.
  • Neal, K. (1982). The Relationship between Human Communication Functional Dominance and the Dimensions of Consideration and Initiating Structures on Leadership Styles. Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication Association (November ‘82), Louisville, KY.
  • Pheng, L.S. & Yuquan, S. (2002). An Exploratory Study of Hofstede’s Cross Cultural Dimensions in Construction Projects. Management Decisions, 40(1), 7-16.
  • Punnett, B.J., & Ronen, S. (1984). Operationalizing Cross-Cultural Variables. Paper Presented at the 44th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Boston, MA.
  • Punnett, B.J. & Yu, P. (1991). Attitudes towards Doing Business with the PRC. International Studies of Management and Organization, 20 (1), 120-129.
  • Rabie, M. (1994). Conflict Resolution and Ethnicity. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Rahim, M.A. (1983). A Measure of Styles Handling Interpersonal Conflict. Academy of Management Journal, 26(2), 368-376.
  • Rahim, M.A. (1992). Managing Conflict in Organizations, 2nd Ed. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Rahim, M.A. & Blum, A.A. (Eds.) (1994). Global Perspectives on Organizational Conflict. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Raven, B.F. & Kruglanski, A.W. (1970). Conflict and Power. In P.G. Swingle (Ed.), The Structure Of Conflict (69-109). New York, NY: Academic Press.
  • Smith P.B, Peterson, M.F., Akande, D., Callan, V. & Cho, N.G. (1994). Organisational Management in 14 Countries: A Comparison with Hofstede's Dimensions. In A.M. Bouvy, F.J.R. Van De Vijver, P. Boski & S. Schmilz (Eds.) Journeys Into Cross-Cultural Psychology (364-373). Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger.
  • Stohl, C. (1993). European Managers' Interpretations of Participation: A Semantic Network Analysis. Human Communication Research, 20, 97-117.
  • Thomas, K. (1976). Conflict and Conflict Management. In M. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (889- 935). Chicago: Rand Mcnally, Inc.
  • Ting-Toomey, S. (1985). Toward a Theory of Conflict and Culture. In W.B. Gudykunst, L.P. Stewart & S. Ting-Toomey (Eds), Communication, Culture and Organizational Processes (71-86). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Ting-Toomey, D., Trubisky, G., Yang, P., Kirn, Z., Lin, S. & Nishida, T. (1991). Culture, Face Maintenance, and Styles of Handling Interpersonal Conflict: A Study of Five Cultures. International Journal of Conflict Management, 2(4), 275-296.
  • Trompenaars, F. (1994). Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business. New York: Irwin.
  • Wall, J.A. & Callister, R.R. (1995). Conflict and Its Management. Journal of Management, 21, 515-558.
  • Weaver, K.M. (2000). Attitudes toward Cooperative Strategies: A Cross- Cultural Analysis of Entrepreneurs. Journal of International Business Studies, 31(Fourth Quarter), 591-609.
  • Yalçın, A. & Erçen, E.Y. (2004). Kültür ile Şekillenen Çatışma Tepkileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Enstitü Dergisi/E-Dergi, 13(2), 201-218.
  • Yukl, G. & Falbe, C.M. & Youn, J.Y. (1993). Patterns of Influence Behavior for Managers. Group and Organization Management, 18, 5-28.

KÜLTÜREL BOYUTLAR İÇERİSİNDE ŞEKİLLENEN ÇATIŞMA TARZLARI

Yıl 2009, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2, 245 - 262, 01.12.2009

Öz

Ulusal Kültüre bağlı olarak örgüt kültürünün boyutları “bireycilik- toplulukçuluk”, “erillik-dişillik”, “düşük güç aralığı-yüksek güç aralığı” ve “belirsizlikten kaçınma” varsayımları olarak yazında da karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu kültürel varsayımların örgüt içinde birçok uygulama, davranış veya değişkenle ilişki içinde olduğu söylenebilir. Bu çalışmada örgüt içinde çatışma çözmeyi ele alış tarzlarıyla kültürel varsayımlar arasında nasıl bir ilişki olduğu irdelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda toplulukçu kültürü daha fazla sergileyen bireylerin uyma davranışını da daha fazla sergiledikleri, dişil olanların ise işbirlikçi ve uzlaşmacı çatışma çözme tarzını benimsedikleri görülmüştür. Güç aralığı daha dar olanların uyma davranışını daha fazla sergilediklerini, güç aralığı daha geniş olan çalışanların ise kaçınmayla çatışmayı ele aldıkları görülmüştür. Son olarak ise belirsizlikten kaçınma düzeyleri düşük olanların tüm çatışma çözme tarzlarını benimsedikleri bulgular arasındadır

Kaynakça

  • Barratt, A. (1989). Doing Business in a Different Culture: The Implications for Management Development. Journal for European Industrial Training, 13(4), 28-31.
  • Begley, T.M., Lee, C., Fang, Y. & Li, J. (2002). Power Distance as a Moderator of the Relationship between Justice and Employees Outcomes in a Sample of Chinese Employees. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 17(8), 692-711.
  • Blake, R.R. & Mouton, J.S. (1964). The Managerial Grid. Gulf Publishing, Houston, TX. Bochner, S. & Hesketh,
  • B. (1994). Power Distance,
  • Individualism/Collectivism, and Job-Related Attitudes in Culturally
  • Diverse Work Group. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 25, 233-257.
  • Bond, M.H. (1991). Beyond the Chinese Face: Insights from Psychology. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press.
  • Di Maggio, P. & Powell, W.W. (1983). The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organisational Fields. American Sociological Review, 48, 147-180.
  • Dreu De, K.W., Evers, A., Beersma, B., Kluwer, S.E. & Nauta, A. (2001). A Theory Based Model of Conflict Management Strategies in the Workplace. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 22, 645-668.
  • Drory, A. & Ritov, I. (1997). Effects of Work Experience and Opponent's Power on Conflict Management Styles. International Journal of Conflict Management, 8(2), 148-161.
  • Graf, L.A, Hemmasi M., Lust, J.A. & Liang, Y. (1990). Perception of Desirable Organisational Reforms in Chinese State Enterprises. International Studies of Management and Organisation, 20, 47-56.
  • Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
  • Hofstede, G. (1983). The Cultural Relativity of Oganizational Practices and Theories. Journal of International Business Studies, 14, 75-89.
  • Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and Organisations: Software of the Mind. London: Mcgraw-Hill.
  • Hofstede, G. (1993). Cultural Constraints in Management Theories. Academy Of Management Executive, 7(1), 81-94.
  • Hofstede, G. (1997). Cultures and Organisations: Software of the Mind, Rev. Éd. London: Mcgraw-Hill.
  • Hofstede, G. & Bond, M. (1984). Hofstede's Culture Dimensions: An Independent Validation Using Rokeach's Value Survey. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 15(4), 417-33.
  • Hofstede, G. (2008). Value Survey Module, The VSM 08. İndirilme Tarihi: 03 Ekim 2008, WWW:Web:http://Stuwww.Uvt.Nl/~Csmeets /Index.Html
  • Hogan, G.W. & Goodson, J.R. (1990). The Key to Expatriate Success. Training and Development Journal, 44(1), 50-52.
  • Holt, J.L. & Devore, J.C. (2005). Culture, Gender, Organizational Role and Styles of Conflict Resolution: Meta Analysis. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 29(2), 165-196.
  • Huo, Y.P. & Randall, D.M. (1991). Exploring Subcultural Differences in Hofstede's Value Survey: The Case of the Chinese. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 8(2), 159-173.
  • Ilban, T. & Giritli, H. (2008). Cultural Aspects of Conflict Management in International Construction. Securing High Performance through Cultural Awareness Conference on Multi-National Construction Projects, Shanghai- China, November, 21-23.
  • Dispute Avoidance-International
  • Kilmann, R.H., & Thomas, K.W. (1975). Interpersonal Conflict-Handling Behavior as a Reflection of Jungian Personality Dimensions. Psychological Reports, 37, 971-980.
  • Kozan, M.K. (1989). Cultural Influences on Styles of Handling Interpersonal Conflict: Comparisons among Jordanian, Turkish, and U.S. Managers. Human Relations, 42, 787-799.
  • Kuşçuluoğlu, S. (2004). A Study on Conflict Styles of Individual’s in Relation to the Dominant Personality Factors. MA Thesis, Marmara University, Institute of Social Sciences, Faculty of Business Administration, İstanbul.
  • Leung, K. (1987). Some Determinants of Reactions to Procedural Models for Conflict Resolution: A Cross-National Study, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 898-907.
  • Mohammed, U.K. & White, G.R.T. (2008). Culture and Conflict Management Style of International Project Managers. International Journal of Business and Management, 13(5), 3-11.
  • Neal, K. (1982). The Relationship between Human Communication Functional Dominance and the Dimensions of Consideration and Initiating Structures on Leadership Styles. Paper Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Speech Communication Association (November ‘82), Louisville, KY.
  • Pheng, L.S. & Yuquan, S. (2002). An Exploratory Study of Hofstede’s Cross Cultural Dimensions in Construction Projects. Management Decisions, 40(1), 7-16.
  • Punnett, B.J., & Ronen, S. (1984). Operationalizing Cross-Cultural Variables. Paper Presented at the 44th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, Boston, MA.
  • Punnett, B.J. & Yu, P. (1991). Attitudes towards Doing Business with the PRC. International Studies of Management and Organization, 20 (1), 120-129.
  • Rabie, M. (1994). Conflict Resolution and Ethnicity. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Rahim, M.A. (1983). A Measure of Styles Handling Interpersonal Conflict. Academy of Management Journal, 26(2), 368-376.
  • Rahim, M.A. (1992). Managing Conflict in Organizations, 2nd Ed. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Rahim, M.A. & Blum, A.A. (Eds.) (1994). Global Perspectives on Organizational Conflict. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Raven, B.F. & Kruglanski, A.W. (1970). Conflict and Power. In P.G. Swingle (Ed.), The Structure Of Conflict (69-109). New York, NY: Academic Press.
  • Smith P.B, Peterson, M.F., Akande, D., Callan, V. & Cho, N.G. (1994). Organisational Management in 14 Countries: A Comparison with Hofstede's Dimensions. In A.M. Bouvy, F.J.R. Van De Vijver, P. Boski & S. Schmilz (Eds.) Journeys Into Cross-Cultural Psychology (364-373). Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger.
  • Stohl, C. (1993). European Managers' Interpretations of Participation: A Semantic Network Analysis. Human Communication Research, 20, 97-117.
  • Thomas, K. (1976). Conflict and Conflict Management. In M. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (889- 935). Chicago: Rand Mcnally, Inc.
  • Ting-Toomey, S. (1985). Toward a Theory of Conflict and Culture. In W.B. Gudykunst, L.P. Stewart & S. Ting-Toomey (Eds), Communication, Culture and Organizational Processes (71-86). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
  • Ting-Toomey, D., Trubisky, G., Yang, P., Kirn, Z., Lin, S. & Nishida, T. (1991). Culture, Face Maintenance, and Styles of Handling Interpersonal Conflict: A Study of Five Cultures. International Journal of Conflict Management, 2(4), 275-296.
  • Trompenaars, F. (1994). Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business. New York: Irwin.
  • Wall, J.A. & Callister, R.R. (1995). Conflict and Its Management. Journal of Management, 21, 515-558.
  • Weaver, K.M. (2000). Attitudes toward Cooperative Strategies: A Cross- Cultural Analysis of Entrepreneurs. Journal of International Business Studies, 31(Fourth Quarter), 591-609.
  • Yalçın, A. & Erçen, E.Y. (2004). Kültür ile Şekillenen Çatışma Tepkileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Enstitü Dergisi/E-Dergi, 13(2), 201-218.
  • Yukl, G. & Falbe, C.M. & Youn, J.Y. (1993). Patterns of Influence Behavior for Managers. Group and Organization Management, 18, 5-28.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Diğer ID JA54TP64HA
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Melek Birsel Bu kişi benim

Güler İslamoğlu Bu kişi benim

Deniz Börü Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2009
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2009 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Birsel, M., İslamoğlu, G., & Börü, D. (2009). KÜLTÜREL BOYUTLAR İÇERİSİNDE ŞEKİLLENEN ÇATIŞMA TARZLARI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(2), 245-262.
AMA Birsel M, İslamoğlu G, Börü D. KÜLTÜREL BOYUTLAR İÇERİSİNDE ŞEKİLLENEN ÇATIŞMA TARZLARI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi. Aralık 2009;10(2):245-262.
Chicago Birsel, Melek, Güler İslamoğlu, ve Deniz Börü. “KÜLTÜREL BOYUTLAR İÇERİSİNDE ŞEKİLLENEN ÇATIŞMA TARZLARI”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi 10, sy. 2 (Aralık 2009): 245-62.
EndNote Birsel M, İslamoğlu G, Börü D (01 Aralık 2009) KÜLTÜREL BOYUTLAR İÇERİSİNDE ŞEKİLLENEN ÇATIŞMA TARZLARI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi 10 2 245–262.
IEEE M. Birsel, G. İslamoğlu, ve D. Börü, “KÜLTÜREL BOYUTLAR İÇERİSİNDE ŞEKİLLENEN ÇATIŞMA TARZLARI”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 10, sy. 2, ss. 245–262, 2009.
ISNAD Birsel, Melek vd. “KÜLTÜREL BOYUTLAR İÇERİSİNDE ŞEKİLLENEN ÇATIŞMA TARZLARI”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi 10/2 (Aralık 2009), 245-262.
JAMA Birsel M, İslamoğlu G, Börü D. KÜLTÜREL BOYUTLAR İÇERİSİNDE ŞEKİLLENEN ÇATIŞMA TARZLARI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi. 2009;10:245–262.
MLA Birsel, Melek vd. “KÜLTÜREL BOYUTLAR İÇERİSİNDE ŞEKİLLENEN ÇATIŞMA TARZLARI”. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 10, sy. 2, 2009, ss. 245-62.
Vancouver Birsel M, İslamoğlu G, Börü D. KÜLTÜREL BOYUTLAR İÇERİSİNDE ŞEKİLLENEN ÇATIŞMA TARZLARI. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi. 2009;10(2):245-62.
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