Kuzey Kafkasya Analizi: Gölgelenen Savaşlar

Yıl 2017, Sayı: 2, 1 - 20, 31.12.2017

Sait Yılmaz

Öz

Etnik ve dilsel bölünmüşlük içindeki Kuzey Kafkasya, önemli potansiyel kriz bölgelerinden biridir. Zengin doğal kaynaklara, iyi bir iklime ve verimli topraklara sahip bölge, 18. ve 19. yüzyıla kadar çoğunluğu Müslüman olan Kafkas halklarının yaşam alanıydı. Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği ile birlikte etnik kimlik, Müslüman kimliğinin önüne geçmeye başlamış ve etnik kökenli çatışmalar artmıştır. Sorunların ve çatışmaların arkasında Rus ve Sovyet dönemlerinde uygulanan böl ve yönet politikalarının mirası bulunmaktadır. Çeçenler ile başlayan bağımsızlık savaşları, sonrasında tüm Kafkasya’ya yayılmıştır. Bununla beraber, Rusların uyguladığı stratejiler ile kendi yanına çektikleri eski savaşçılar, direniş mücadelelerini önce kendi içinde bir savaşa dönüştürmüştür. Bölgeye radikal İslam’ın ulaşması ve direnişin milliyetçi karakterinin İslamcı bir çehreye dönüşmesi bağımsızlık savaşlarının bir kere daha dönüşmesine ve yapılan savaşların sahiplerinin bir kez daha çalınmasına ve terörle mücadele çerçevesine sokulmasına yol açmıştır. Bu makalenin birincil amacı, az bilinen Kuzey Kafkasya’yı anlatmaktır. İkincil olarak ise, bu bölgede verilen savaşların geçirdiği dönüşümlerin ve bugün gelinen noktanın betimlemesini yapmak amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kuzey Kafkasya, Rusya, etnik çatışma, bağımsızlık savaşları, terörizm

North Caucasia Analysis: Shaded Wars

Öz

The ethnically and linguistically divided North Caucasus is one of the significant potential crisis areas. The region, which has rich natural resources, good climate and fertile lands, was the habitat of the primarily Muslim Caucasian peoples until the 18th and 19th centuries. With the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, ethnic identity became dominant over Muslim identity, and ethnic conflicts increased. Behind the problems and disputes is the legacy of divide and rule policies implemented in the Russian and Soviet periods. The wars of independence that started with the Chechens then spread to the entire Caucasus. However, the former warriors, whom the Russians took to their side with the strategies implemented, first turned their resistance struggle into a war within itself. The arrival of radical Islam in the region and the transformation of the nationalist character of the resistance into an Islamist aspect led to the change of the wars of independence once again, and the stealing of the owners of the wars and they are being included in the framework of the fight against terrorism. This article aims first to explain the little-known North Caucasus and then describe the transformations of the wars and the point reached today.

Anahtar Kelimeler

North Caucasus, Russia, ethnic conflict, wars of independence, terrorism

Kaynakça

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