Egzersizin Nörolojik Hastalıklarda Tedavi Edici Etkisi; Alzheimer Örneği

Öz

Alzheimer hastalığı dünya genelinde yaşlanan nüfus ile artış gösteren ve bireylerde bilişsel, fiziksel ve aynı zamanda sosyal işlevselliği olumsuz etkileyen ilerleyici bir nörodejeneratif bir hastalıktır. Farmakolojik tedavilerin sınırlı etkileri sebebi ile tamamlayıcı ve alternatif yaklaşımlar son dönemde önem kazanmakta ve egzersiz bu alternatif yöntemler arasında öne çıkan bir strateji olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışması ‘’ egzersiz’’, ‘’alzheimer’’ ‘’fiziksel aktivite’’ ve ‘’tedavi’’ anahtar kelimeleri Türkçe olarak ve ’exercise’, ‘’alzheimer’’ ‘’physical activity’’ and ‘’treatment’’anahtar kelimeleri İngilizce olarak, Pubmed, Researchgate ve Google Scholar veri tabanlarında, son 5 yılın çalışmalarına ait literatür bilgisi ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Elde edilen bilgiler ışığında; Aerobik, direnç ve denge egzersizlerinin yanında yüksek yoğunluklu ve aralıklı egzersiz yöntemleri de son yıllarda nörobiyolojik etkileri ile dikkat çektiği tespit edilmiştir. Egzersiz; BDNF artışına destek vererek nörovasküler bütünlüğün korunmasına destek sağlar, inflamasyon süreçlerini azaltarak insülin duyarlılığının iyileştirilmesi gibi birçok mekanizma aracılığı ile hastalığın seyrini değiştirebilme yetisine sahip olabilir. Egzersiz tedavisinin etkinliğini arttırmak amacı ile yapılandırılmış bazı programlar, teknolojik destekler ve hasta merkezli yaklaşımlarla bütünsel çalışmaların gerçekleştirilmesi önerilmektedir. Bu bağlamda multidisipliner bakış açısı ile uzun dönemli ve biyobelirteç odaklı araştırmaların Alzheimer hastalığı da ile ilgili mücadele de egzersizin potansiyelini daha net bir şekilde ortaya koyacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Egzersiz
• Alzheimer
• Fiziksel Aktivite
• Tedavi

The Therapeutic Effect of Exercise in Neurological Diseases: The Case of Alzheimer’s Disease

Öz

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that is increasing worldwide with the aging population and negatively affects cognitive, physical, and social functioning in individuals. Due to the limited effects of pharmacological treatments, complementary and alternative approaches have gained importance in recent years, and exercise has emerged as a prominent strategy. This review study was conducted using the keywords “exercise,” “Alzheimer's,” “physical activity,” and ‘treatment’ in Turkish and “exercise,” “Alzheimer's,” "physical activity,“ and ”treatment" in English in the PubMed, Researchgate, and Google Scholar databases, limited to literature from the last 5 years. Based on the information obtained, it was determined that aerobic, resistance and balance exercises, as well as high-intensity and interval training methods, have attracted attention in recent years due to their neurobiological effects. Exercise supports the maintenance of neurovascular integrity by promoting BDNF increase, and it may have the ability to alter the course of the disease through various mechanisms, such as reducing inflammation processes and improving insulin sensitivity, exercise may have the ability to alter the course of the disease through various mechanisms. To enhance the effectiveness of exercise therapy, it is recommended to conduct comprehensive studies using structured programs, technological support, and patient-centered approaches. In this context, long-term, biomarker-focused research with a multidisciplinary perspective will more clearly reveal the potential of exercise in the fight against Alzheimer's disease.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Exercise
• Alzheimer
• Physical Activity
• Treatment

Kaynakça

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