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The Mediating Effect of Meaning in Life on The Relationship Between Masculinity-Femininity and Psychological Well-Being

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 25, 248 - 284, 29.01.2021

Öz

In this study, the relationship between Masculinity-Femininity dimension of Hofstede's cultural model and the Psychological Well-being of individuals, and the mediating effect of the Search for Meaning and the Presence of Meaning, which are the two sub-dimensions of Meaning in Life, were empirically investigated. We collected data from 421 participants via a questionnaire from students in three high schools and a vocational high school. We analyzed the data with the Bootstrap technique, which is seen as a modern approach in mediation analysis. According to the findings, the well-being of individuals and meaning in life are culturally specific variables at a certain level. Additionally, in the relationship between culture and well-being, individuals' search for meaning and experiences of meaning have a partial mediating effect.

Kaynakça

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  • Brassai, L., Piko, B. F., & Steger, M. F. (2012). Existential attitudes and Eastern European adolescents’ problem and health behaviors: Highlighting the role of the search for meaning in life. The Psychological Record, 62(4), 719-734.
  • Campbell, A. (1976). Subjective Measure of Well-Being, American Psychologist, 31 (2), 117-124.
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  • Christopher, J. C. (1999). Stituating psychological well-being. Journal Of Counseling And Development, 77, 141-152.
  • Cohen, K., & Cairns, D. (2012). Is searching for meaning in life associated with reduced subjective well-being? Confirmation and possible moderators. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13, 313 – 331.
  • Çelik, N. D., & Gazioğlu, E. İ. (2017). Üst düzey kişilik faktörleri ve yaşamda anlam: Temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların aracı rolü. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20 (38), 11-32.
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  • Dezutter, J., Casalin, S., Wachholtz, A., Luyckx, K., Hekking, J., & Vandewiele, W. (2013). Meaning in life: An important factor for the psychological well-being of chronically ill patients? Rehabilitation Psychology, 58 (4), 334-341.
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Erillik–Dişilik ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Yaşamda Anlamın Aracılık Etkisi

Yıl 2021, Sayı: 25, 248 - 284, 29.01.2021

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Hofstede’nin kültür modelindeki Erillik-Dişilik boyutunun, bireylerin psikolojik iyi oluşu ile ilişkisi ve bu ilişkide Yaşamda Anlamın iki alt boyutu olan Anlam Arayışı ve Anlam Varlığı değişkenlerinin aracı etkisi ampirik olarak araştırılmıştır. Lise ve ön lisans öğrencisi 421 katılımcıdan toplanan veriler, aracı etki analizinde çağdaş yaklaşım olarak görülen Bootstrap tekniğiyle analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre bireylerin iyi oluşları belirli bir düzeyde kültüre bağlıdır. Ayrıca kültür ve iyi oluş ilişkisinde, bireylerin anlam arayışları ve anlam deneyimleri kısmi aracı etkiye sahiptir.

Kaynakça

  • Asakawa, K., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1998). The quality of experience of Asian American adolescents in activities related to future goals. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 27(2), 141-163.
  • Bagozzi, R. P., Wong, N., & Yi, Y. (1999). The role of culture and gender in the relationship between positive and negative affect. Cognition & Emotion, 13(6), 641-672.
  • Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173.
  • Bar-Tur, L., Savaya, R., & Prager, E. (2001). Sources of meaning in life for young and old Israeli Jews and Arabs. Journal of Aging Studies, 15, 253–269.
  • Baumeister, R. F. (1991). Meanings of life. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
  • Bering, J. M. (2003). Towards a cognitive theory of existential meaning. New Ideas in Psychology, 21, 101–120.
  • Biswas-Diener, R., Vitterso, J., & Diener, E. (2009). Most people are pretty happ, but there is cultural variation: The Inughuit, the Amish, and the Maasai, In (Ed.) Ed Diener, Culture and Well-Being: The Collected Works of Ed Diener, Springer, 245-260.
  • Blake A. Allan, Ryan D. Duffy & Richard Douglass (2014): Meaning in life and work: A developmental perspective, The Journal of Positive Psychology: Dedicated to furthering research and promoting good practice, 10 (4), 1-9.
  • Brassai, L., Piko, B. F., & Steger, M. F. (2012). Existential attitudes and Eastern European adolescents’ problem and health behaviors: Highlighting the role of the search for meaning in life. The Psychological Record, 62(4), 719-734.
  • Campbell, A. (1976). Subjective Measure of Well-Being, American Psychologist, 31 (2), 117-124.
  • Chen, F.F., Jing, Y., Hayes, A., & Lee, J.M. (2013). Two concept or two approaches? A bifactor analysis of psychological and subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 1033-1068.
  • Christopher, J. C. (1999). Stituating psychological well-being. Journal Of Counseling And Development, 77, 141-152.
  • Cohen, K., & Cairns, D. (2012). Is searching for meaning in life associated with reduced subjective well-being? Confirmation and possible moderators. Journal of Happiness Studies, 13, 313 – 331.
  • Çelik, N. D., & Gazioğlu, E. İ. (2017). Üst düzey kişilik faktörleri ve yaşamda anlam: Temel psikolojik ihtiyaçların aracı rolü. Balıkesir Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 20 (38), 11-32.
  • Deci, L. E. & Ryan, M. R. (2008). Hedonia, Eudaimonia, and Well-Being: An Introduction, Journal of Happiness Studies, 9,1-11.
  • DeNeve, K. M., & Cooper, H. (1998). The happy personality: A metaanalysis of 137 personality traits and subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 124, 197– 229.
  • DeRoon-Cassini, T. A., de St. Aubin, E., Valvano, A., Hastings, J., & Horn, P. (2009). Psychological well-being after spinal cord injury: Perception of loss and meaning making. Rehabilitation Psychology, 54, 306-314.
  • Dezutter, J., Casalin, S., Wachholtz, A., Luyckx, K., Hekking, J., & Vandewiele, W. (2013). Meaning in life: An important factor for the psychological well-being of chronically ill patients? Rehabilitation Psychology, 58 (4), 334-341.
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  • Reker, G. T. (2000). Theoretical perspective, dimensions, and measurement of existential meaning. In G. T. Reker & K. Chamberlain (Eds.), Exploring existential meaning: optimizing human development across the life span (pp. 39–58). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Reker, G. T., & Wong, P. T. (1988). Aging as an individual process: Toward a theory of personal meaning. In: J. E. Birren, ve V. L. Bengston (Eds), Emergent Theories of Aging, 214-246. New York: Springer.
  • Riichiro, I., & Masahiko, O. (2006). Effects of a firm purpose in life on anxiety and sympathetic nervous activity caused by emotional stress: Assessment by psycho-physiological method. Stress and Health, 22, 275–281.
  • Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. The American Psychologist, 55 (1), 68–78.
  • Ryan, R.M., & Deci, E.L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–166.
  • Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everyting, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well- being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
  • Ryff, C.D. (1995). Well-being in adult life. Current Direction in Psychological Science, 4 (4), 99-104.
  • Ryff, C.D. (2014). Psychological well-being revisited: Advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. Psychother Psychosom, 83, 10–28.
  • Ryff, C.D., & Keyes, L.M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69 (4), 719 – 727.
  • Ryff, C.D., & Singer, B.H. (2013). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. In A. Delle Fave (Eds.), The Exploration of Happiness, Happiness Studies Book Series, 97-114.
  • Ryff, CD., & Singer, B.H. (1998). The contours of positive human health. Psychological Inquiry, 9 (1),1–28.
  • Sakal, Ö. (2018). Mükemmeliyetçilik ve yaşamda anlam. MCBÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16 (3), 37-56.
  • Sargut, S. (2001). Kültürlerarası Farklılaşma ve Yönetim (2. bs.). Ankara: İmge Kitabevi.
  • Scannell, E.D., Allen, F.C.L., & Burton, J. (2002). Meaning in life and positive and negative well-being. North American Journal of Psychology, 4(1), 93–112.
  • Schimmack, U., Oishi, S., & Diener, E. (2002). Cultural influences on the relation between pleasant emotions and unpleasant emotions: Asian dialectic philosophies or individualism-collectivism?. Cognition & Emotion, 16(6),
  • Schimmack, U., Radhakrishnan, P., Oishi, S., Dzokoto, V., & Ahadi, S. (2002). Culture, personality, and subjective well-being: Integrating process models of life satisfaction. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82 (4), 582 – 593.
  • Schmitt, M.T., Branscombe, N.R., Postmes, T., & Garcia, A. (2014). The consequences of perceived discrimination for psychological well-being: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140 (4), 1-28.
  • Schnell, T. (2009). The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe): Relations to demographics and well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4, 483–499.
  • Schnell, T. (2011). Individual differences in meaning-making: Considering the variety of sources of meaning, their density and diversity. Personality and Individual Differences, 51, 667–673.
  • Seligman, M.E.P. (2002). Authentic happiness. New York: Free Press.
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  • Sherman, A. C, Simonton, S., Latif, U., & Bracy, L. (2010). Effects of global meaning and illness-specific meaning on health outcomes among breast cancer patients. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 33, 364-377.
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  • Stavrova, O., & Luhmann, M. (2016). Social connectedness as a source and consequence of meaning in life. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11 (5),
  • Steger, M. F. (2013). Experiencing meaning in life: Optimal functioning at the nexus of spirituality, psychopathology, and well-being. In P. T. P. Wong (Eds.), The human questfor meaning, 2nd ed., 165-184. New York, NY: Routledge.
  • Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S. & Kaler, M. (2006). The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53 (1), 80-93.
  • Steger, M. F., Kashdan, T. B., Sullivan, B. A. & Lorentz, D. (2008). Understanding the search for meaning in life: Personality, cognitive style, and the dynamic between seeking and experiencing meaning. Journal of Personality, 76 (2), 199–228.
  • Steger, M. F., Oishi, S., & Kashdan, T. B. (2009). Meaning in life across the life span: Levels and correlates of meaning in life from emerging adulthood to older adulthood. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4 (1), 43-52.
  • Suh, E.M. (2002). Culture, identity consistency, and subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83 (6), 1378 – 1391.
  • Şahin, M., Aydın, B., Sarı, S. V., Sezen, K., & Havva, P. (2012). Öznel İyi Oluşu Açıklamada Umut ve Yaşamda Anlamın. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 20(3), 827-836.
  • Telef, B. B. (2013). Psikolojik İyi Oluş Ölçeği: Türkçeye uyarlama, geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 28(3), 374-384.
  • Triandis, H. C. (1995). Individualism and collectivism. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Van Tongeren, D.R., Green, J.D., Davis, D.E., Hook, J.N. & Hulsey, T.L. (2016). Prosociality enhances meaning in life. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 11 (3), 225-236.
  • Vohs, K.D., Aaker, J.L., & Catapano, R. (2019). It’s not going to be that fun: negative experiences can add meaning to life. Current Opinion in Psychology, 26, 11-14.
  • Wong, P. T. (1998). Implicit theories of meaningful life and the development of the personal meaning profile. In P. T. Wong & P. Fry (Eds.), The human quest for meaning (pp. 111–140). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Yanez, B., Edmondson, D., Stanton, A. L., Park, C. L., Kwan, L., Ganz, P. A., & Blank, T. O. (2009). Facets of spirituality as predictors of adjustment to cancer: Relative contributions of having faith and finding meaning. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 730-741.
  • Zhang, H., Sang, Z., Chan, D. K. S., Teng, F., Liu, M., Yu, S., & Tian, Y. (2016). Sources of meaning in life among Chinese University students. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17, 1473–1492.
  • Zhang, H., Sang, Z., Chan, D.K.S., & Schlegel, R. (2019). Threats to belongingness and meaning in life: A test of the compensation among sources of meaining. Motivation and Emotion, 43, 242 – 254.
  • Zhao, X., Lynch Jr, J. G., & Chen, Q. (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and truths about mediation analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 37(2), 197.
  • Zika, S. & Chamberlain, K. (1987). Relation of hassles and personality to subjective well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53, 155-162.
  • Zika, S., & Chamberlain, K. (1992). On the relation between meaning in life and psychological well-being. British Journal of Psychology, 83 (1), 133–145.
Toplam 117 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

İhsan Aytekin Bu kişi benim

Önder Sakal Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Ocak 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Sayı: 25

Kaynak Göster

APA Aytekin, İ., & Sakal, Ö. (2021). Erillik–Dişilik ve Psikolojik İyi Oluş İlişkisinde Yaşamda Anlamın Aracılık Etkisi. Iğdır Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(25), 248-284.