Türkiye’de yapay ışık kirliliği ile kuş gözlemleri arasındaki ilişkinin zamansal ve mekânsal analizi: Jeoistatistiksel bir yaklaşım

Öz

Işık kirliliği, belirli bir bölge içerisinde bulunan yapay ışık kaynağının gereğinden fazla ve şiddetli ışık saçması sonucunda oluşan çevresel bir risktir. Bu kirlilik, canlı türleri üzerinde önemli etkilere sahiptir. Örneğin; kuşların, beslenme, göç hareketi ve üreme gibi davranışlarında bozulmalara neden olmaktadır. Yapay ışık kirliliğinin tespit edilebilmesinde son yıllarda uzaktan algılanmış gece ışığı görüntüleri yaygın şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’de yapay ışık kirliliği ile kuş gözlemleri arasındaki ilişkinin zamansal ve mekânsal olarak incelenmesidir. Bu kapsamda, 2000—2022 yılları arasındaki DMSP ve VIIRS uydularından elde edilen gece ışığı görüntüleri ile dünyanın en büyük biyoçeşitlilik ile ilgili vatandaş bilimi projesi olan eBird veri tabanı kullanılmıştır. Buna göre gözlem noktalarının zamansal ve mekânsal değerlendirilmesinde Space Time Cube veri modeli oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen veri yapısı ile Emerging Hot Spot ve Getis-Ord General G* analizi uygulanarak mekânsal dağılımın istatiksel olarak anlamlılığı test edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, piksel ölçeğinde elde edilen gece ışığı yansıma değerlerindeki değişim ile gözlem noktaları arasındaki ilişki mekânsal ve zamansal olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar gözlemlenen kuş türü sayıları ile yapay ışık değişimin yüksek olduğu alanlar arasında bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yapay Işık Kirliliği
• Kuş Tür Çeşitliliği
• Çevresel Risk
• Mekânsal İstatistik
• Uzaktan Algılama

Spatio-temporal analysis of relationship between artificial light pollution and bird observations in Turkey: a geostatistical approach

Öz

Light pollution constitutes an environmental risk arising from the excessive and intense scattering of artificial light sources within a specific geographical area. This environmental pollution has substantial impacts on diverse species. Specifically, it interferes with behaviors such as feeding, migration, and reproduction in avian populations. In recent years, nocturnal light images acquired through remote sensing have been extensively employed for the detection of artificial light pollution. The aim of this research is to investigate the temporal and spatial correlation between artificial light pollution and avian observations in Turkey. Nighttime light images obtained from DMSP and VIIRS satellites between 2000 and 2022, along with the eBird database, the world’s largest citizen science project related to biodiversity, were utilized. In this context, a Space Time Cube data model was created for the temporal and spatial evaluation of observation points. The Emerging Hot Spot and Getis-Ord General G analyses were applied to test the statistical significance of the spatial distribution using the obtained data structure. Consequently, the relationship between the observed changes in pixel-scale nighttime light reflection values and observation points was assessed spatially and temporally. The results indicated a correlation between the numbers of observed avian species and areas with high artificial light changes.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Artificial Light Pollution
• Bird Species Diversity
• Environmental Risk
• Spatial Statistics
• Remote Sensing

Kaynakça

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