Anadolu’da zeytinin güncel polen kayıtlarındaki temsiliyeti üzerine bir değerlendirme

Öz

Zeytin (Olea europaea L.), Akdeniz ikliminin karakteristik bir türü olarak ekolojik, ekonomik ve kültürel açıdan büyük önem taşır. Bu nedenle, palinolojik çalışmalarda fosil polen kayıtları aracılığıyla arazi kullanımı ve tarım dinamiklerinin rekonstrüksiyonunda sıkça incelenir. Bu çalışmada, 1968-2023 döneminde Anadolu ile ilgili yapılmış güncel polen çalışmalarında zeytin poleninin temsiliyeti ele alınmıştır. Öncelikle literatürdeki güncel polen incelemeleri derlenmiş, örnekleme noktaları coğrafi olarak sayısallaştırılmış ve her bir lokasyondan elde edilen zeytin polen yüzdeleri veri tabanına aktarılmıştır. Böylece, Anadolu genelinde zeytin poleninin bölgesel dağılımı haritalandırılmış, farklı bölgeler arasında karşılaştırma imkânı sağlanmış ve fosil polen verileriyle ilişkilendirilebilecek kapsamlı bir veri seti oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Güneybatı Anadolu, Batı Anadolu ve Marmara Bölgesi’nde yüksek; İç Anadolu, Doğu Anadolu ve Karadeniz bölgelerinde ise görece düşük zeytin polen yüzdeleri olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu örüntü, zeytinliklerin dağılımı ile de uyumludur. Ayrıca, fosil polen verileri ile güncel verilerin karşılaştırılması, zeytinin yayılımında coğrafi ve zamansal farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Zeytin
• Anadolu
• Meyve yetiştiriciliği
• Arazi kullanımı

An assessment of the representation of olive in modern pollen records of Anatolia

Öz

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a characteristic species of the Mediterranean climate, carrying great ecological, economic, and cultural significance. Therefore, in palynological studies, it is frequently examined through fossil pollen records to reconstruct land-use and agricultural dynamics. In this study, the representation of olive pollen in modern palynological investigations related to Anatolia from 1968 to 2023 was evaluated. First, modern pollen studies from the literature were compiled, sampling locations were georeferenced, and the percentages of olive pollen obtained from each site were entered into a database. In this way, the regional distribution of olive pollen throughout Anatolia was mapped, enabling comparisons among different regions and the creation of a comprehensive data set that can be related to fossil pollen records. The results indicate high olive pollen percentages in Southwest Anatolia, Western Anatolia, and the Marmara Region, and relatively low percentages in Central Anatolia, Eastern Anatolia, and the Black Sea region. This pattern is consistent with the distribution of olive groves. Furthermore, comparison of fossil and modern pollen data revealed geographic and temporal differences in olive distribution.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Olive
• Anatolia
• Fruit cultivation
• Land use

Kaynakça

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