Araştırma Makalesi
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Meme Kanseri Cerrahisi Sonrası Üst Ekstremite Sorunları ve Yeti Yitimi

Yıl 2024, , 750 - 766, 31.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1442184

Öz

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı meme cerrahisi sonrası hastaların üst ekstremite sorunları, lenfödem ve yeti yitimlerinin incelenmesidir.
Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel nitelikte olan araştırma 74 hasta üzerinde yapılmıştır. Araştırma verileri Hasta Tanıtım Formu, kısa Yeti Yitimi Anketi, Omuz Ağrı ve Özürlülük İndeksi (OAÖİ), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick DASH) Anketi ile toplanmıştır. Lenfödem varlığı koldan ölçüm yapılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Verilerin değerlendirmesi SPSS paket programında yapılmıştır.
Bulgular: Hastaların üst ekstremite sorunları incelendiğinde %31’inde omuz ağrısı, %28,3’ünde omuzda kısıtlılık, %22,9’unda kolda güçsüzlük, %21,6’sında lenfödem ve %14,8’inde kolda uyuşma olduğu saptanmıştır. Omuz ağrı puan ortalaması 24,43±10,88, özürlülük indeksi puanı 31,53±17,52; OAÖİ ortalamasının 55,96±26,17 ve Quick DASH puan ortalaması 52,19±23,08 olarak bulunmuştur. Hastaların %18,9’unda ağır yeti yitimi, %41,9’unda orta ağırlıkta yeti yitimi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yeti yitimi ölçeği, Quick DASH ve OAÖİ ölçek toplam puanları arasında pozitif yönlü istatistiksel anlamlı korelasyon bulunmuştur (p<0.05).
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, meme cerrahisi geçiren hastalarda omuz ağrısı, omuzda kısıtlılık, kolda güçsüzlük, uyuşma ve lenfödem gibi morbiditelerin geliştiği belirlenmiştir. Hastalarda üst ekstremite sorunlarına bağlı orta düzeyde omuz ağrısı ve özürlülük olduğu saptanmıştır. Gelişen bu üst ekstremite sorunları aynı zamanda hastaların büyük çoğunluğunda yeti yitimine neden olmuştur. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda cerrahi ekibin meme cerrahisi sonrası hastalarda üst ekstremite sorunlarını rutin olarak izlemeleri ve gerekli önleyici uygulamaları yapmalarının önemi ve gereği açıktır.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Zhang YN, Xia KR, Li CY, Wei BL, Zhang B. Review of breast cancer pathologigcal image processing. Biomed Res Int. 2021;2021:1994764.
  • 2. Chrischilles EA, Riley D, Letuchy E, et al. Upper extremity disability and quality of life after breast cancer treatment in the Greater Plains Collaborative clinical research network. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2019 175(3):675-689. doi: 10.1007/s10549-019-05184-1.
  • 3. Akdemir G, Ünsal E, Tarakcı D, Bilici A, Ölmez FÖ, Yıldız Ö. The effect of cognitive functions after chemotherapy on activity performance and social participation in breast cancer patients. Arch Health Sci Res. 2021;8(3):189-195. doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2021.20087.
  • 4. Akyolcu N, Özhanlı Y, Kandemir D. Meme kanserinde güncel gelişmeler. Journal of Health Science and Profession. 2019;6(3):583-94. doi: 10.5152/hsp.2019.440012.
  • 5. Randa S, Uğraş GA, Eser K. Meme kanserli kadınların cerrahi girişim sonrası yaşadıkları üst ekstremite sorunlarının yaşam kalitesine etkisi. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;12(2):170-181. doi: 10.26559/mersinsbd.449112.
  • 6. Jørgensen MG, Toyserkani NM, Hansen FG, Bygum A, Sørensen JA. The impact of lymphedema on health-related quality of life up to 10 years after breast cancer treatment. NPJ breast cancer. 2021;7(1):70. doi: 10.1038/s41523-021-00276-y.
  • 7. Kütüküt E, İyigün G. Meme kanseri cerrahisi sonrası lenfödem gelişen hastalarda ev-temelli tedavi programının lenfödem, üst ekstremite fonksiyonları ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2020;5(1):1-9. doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2018-63377.
  • 8. Hespe GE, Nores GG, Huang JJ, Mehrara BJ. Pathophysiology of lymphedema: Is there a chance for medication treatment? J Surg Oncol. 2017;115:96–8. doi: 10.1002/jso.24414.
  • 9. Bucci LK, Brunelle CL, Bernstein MC, et al. Subclinical lymphedema after treatment for breast cancer: Risk of progression and considerations for early intervention. Ann Surg Oncol. 2021;28:8624–8633. doi: 10.1245/s10434-021-10173-0.
  • 10. Özbaş S, Koçak S. Meme kanserinin cerrahi tedavisinde aksiler lenf nodu diseksiyonu. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi 2006;2:59-63.
  • 11. De Groef A, Van der Gucht E, Dams L. et al. The association between upper limb function and variables at the different domains of the international classification of functioning, disability and health in women after breast cancer surgery: A systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(8):1176-1189. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1800835.
  • 12. Alkan F, Erdem R. Mutluluk ile geçici yeti yitimi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Sağlık ve Toplum. 2020;20(3):69-79.
  • 13. Klein I, Kalichman L, Chen N, Susmallian S. A pilot study evaluating the effect of early physical therapy on pain and disabilities after breast cancer surgery: Prospective randomized control trail. The Breast. 2021;59:286-293. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2021.07.013.
  • 14. Özkan S, Öğce F, Koca AK. Meme ve gastrointestinal sistem kanserli hastaların depresyon, aksiyete ve yetiyitimi durumlarının belirlenmesi. EGEHFD. 2007;23(2):69-80.
  • 15. Stewart AL, Hays RD, Ware JEJ, et al. The MOS short-form general health survey: Reliability and validity in a patient population. Med Care. 1988;26:724-735. doi: 10.1097/00005650-198807000-00007.
  • 16. Kaplan İ. Yarı kırsal alanda bir sağlık ocağına başvuran hastalarda ruhsal bozuklukların yeti yitimi ile ilişkisi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 1995;6:169179.
  • 17. İrdesel J, Özkan L, Kurt M, ve ark. Aksiller diseksiyon ve radyoterapi uygulanan olgularda omuz kısıtlılığı ve lenfödem gelişiminin önlenmesinde rehabilitasyonun rolü. Türk Fiz Tıp Rehab Derg. 1998;2:9-17.
  • 18. Bicer A, Ankarali H. Shoulder pain and disability index: A validation study in Turkish women. Singapore Med J. 2010;51(11):865-870.
  • 19. Beaton DE, Wright JG, Katz JN. The upper extremity collaborative group. Development of the Quick DASH: Comparison of three item-reduction approaches. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:1038-1046. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.D.02060.
  • 20. Koldaş Doğan S, Ay S, Evcik D, Baser O. Adaptation of Turkish version of the questionnaire Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick DASH) in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Clin Rheumatol. 2011;30(2):185-91. doi: 10.1007/s10067-010-1470-y.
  • 21. Imeda T, Toh S, Wada T, et al. Validation of the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Hand version of the Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick DASH-JSSH) questionnaire. J Orthop Sci. 2006;11:248-253. doi: 10.1007/s00776-006-1013-1.
  • 22. Reddy KG, Strassle PD, McGuire KP. Role of age, tumor grade, and radiation therapy on immediate postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Clin Breast Cancer. 2018;18(4):313-319. doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.11.021.
  • 23. Siqueira TC, Frágoas SP, Pelegrini A, de Oliveira AR, da Luz CM. Factors associated with upper limb dysfunction in breast cancer survivors. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2021;29:1933-1940. doi: 10.1007/s00520-020-05668-7.
  • 24. Mobarakeh ZS, Mokhtari-Hesari P, Lotfi-Tokaldany M, Montazeri A, Heidari M, Zekri F. Combined decongestive therapy and reduction of pain and heaviness in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema. Support Care Cancer. 2019;27(10):3805-11. doi: 10.1007/s00520-019-04681-9.
  • 25. Korucu TS, Ucurum SG, Tastaban E, Ozgun H, Kaya DO. Comparison of shoulder-arm complex pain, function, and scapular dyskinesia in women with and without unilateral lymphedema after breast cancer surgery. Clin Breast Cancer. 2021;21(3):e285-93. doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.10.008.
  • 26. Yılmaz E, Coşkun T. Meme kanserli hastalarda üst ekstremite sorunları ve yaşam kalitesi. Med J Bakirkoy. 2019;15(1).
  • 27. Pereira ACPR, Koifman RJ, Bergmann A. Incidence and risk factors of lymphedema after breast cancer treatment: 10 years of follow-up. The Breast. 2017;36:67-73. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.09.006.
  • 28. Maccarone MC, Venturini E, Menegatti E, Gianesini S, Masiero S. Water-based exercise for upper and lower limb lymphedema treatment. J. Vasc. Surg. Venous. Lymphat. Disord. 2023;11(1):201-209. doi: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2022.08.002.
  • 29. Basha MA, Aboelnour NH, Alsharidah AS, Kamel FH. Effect of exercise mode on physical function and quality of life in breast cancer–related lymphedema: A randomized trial. Supportive Care Cancer. 2022;30(3):2101-2110. doi: 10.1007/s00520-021-06559-1.
  • 30. Mejdahl MK, Andersen KG, Gärtner R, Kroman N, Kehlet H. Persistent pain and sensory disturbances after treatment for breast cancer: Six year nationwide follow-up study. BMJ. 2013;346:f1865. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f1865.
  • 31. De Groef A, Van Kampen M, Dieltjens E, et al. Effectiveness of postoperative physical therapy for upper-limb impairments after breast cancer treatment: A systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(6):1140–53.
  • 32. Kibar S, Dalyan Aras M, Ünsal Delialioğlu S. The risk factors and prevalence of upper extremity impairments and an analysis of effects of lymphoedema and other impairments on the quality of life of breast cancer patients. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(4):e12433. doi: 10.1111/ecc.12433.
  • 33. Smoot B, Wong J, Cooper B, et al. Upper extremity impairments in women with or without lymphedema following breast cancer treatment. J Cancer Surviv. 2010;4(2):167-78. doi: 10.1007/s11764-010-0118-x.
  • 34. Akbas A, Dagmura H, Daldal E, Dasiran FM, Deveci H, Okan I. Association between shoulder range of motion and pain catastrophizing scale in breast cancer patients after surgery. Breast Care. 2021;16(1):66-71.
  • 35. Civelek G. Meme kanseri ile ilişkili lenfödemin el kas gücü, el fonksiyonları ve elde duyu kaybına etkisi. Cukurova Medical Journal. 2016;41(2):208-216. doi: 10.17826/cutf.200040.
  • 36. de Souza Cunha N, Zomkowski K, Fernandes BL, et al. Physical symptoms and components of labor tasks associated with upper limb disability among working breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer. 2020;27:140–146. doi: 10.1007/s12282-019-01004.
  • 37. Wang Y, Feng W. Cancer-related psychosocial challenges. General Psychiatry. 2022;35(5):e100871. doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2022-100871.
  • 38. Zahedian E, Bahreini M, Ghasemi N, Mirzaei K. Group meta-cognitive therapy and depression in women with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Womens Health. 2021;21(1):111.
  • 39. Dantas de Oliveira NP, Guedes TS, Holanda AM, et al. Functional disability in women submitted to breast cancer treatment. APJCP. 2017;18(5):1207–1214.
  • 40. Uçurum SG, Polat K, Gürşan İN, Bayram KB, Özer D. Meme kanseri cerrahisi sonrası ekstremite hacmi ile ağrı, duyu ve kavrama kuvveti arasındaki ilişki. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;7(1):49-54.

Upper Extremity Problems and Disability After Breast Cancer Surgery

Yıl 2024, , 750 - 766, 31.08.2024
https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1442184

Öz

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the upper extremity problems, lymphedema and disability of patients after breast surgery.
Method: The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with 74 patients. The research data were collected with the Patient Information Form, Brief Disability Questionnaire (BDQ), Shoulder Pain-Disability Index (SPDI), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (Quick DASH) Questionnaire. The presence of lymphedema was evaluated by arm measurement. Data were evaluated using the SPSS package program.
Results: When the upper extremity problems of the patients were analyzed, it was found that 31% had shoulder pain, 28.3% had shoulder restriction, 22.9% had arm weakness, 21.6% had lymphedema and 14.8% had numbness in the arm. The mean shoulder pain score was 24.43±10.88; the mean disability index score was 31,53±17,52; the mean SPDI score was 55.96±26.17 and the mean Quick DASH score was 52.19±23.08. It was determined that 18.9% of the patients had a severe disability and 41.9% had a moderate disability. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the total scores of the disability questionaire, Quick DASH and SPDI (p<0.05).
Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that morbidities such as shoulder pain, shoulder limitation, arm weakness, numbness and lymphedema developed in patients who underwent breast surgery. It was determined that the patients had moderate shoulder pain and disability due to upper extremity problems. These developing upper extremity problems also caused disability in the majority of patients. In line with these results, it is clear that the surgical team should routinely monitor upper extremity problems in patients after breast surgery and make the necessary preventive practices.

Kaynakça

  • 1. Zhang YN, Xia KR, Li CY, Wei BL, Zhang B. Review of breast cancer pathologigcal image processing. Biomed Res Int. 2021;2021:1994764.
  • 2. Chrischilles EA, Riley D, Letuchy E, et al. Upper extremity disability and quality of life after breast cancer treatment in the Greater Plains Collaborative clinical research network. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2019 175(3):675-689. doi: 10.1007/s10549-019-05184-1.
  • 3. Akdemir G, Ünsal E, Tarakcı D, Bilici A, Ölmez FÖ, Yıldız Ö. The effect of cognitive functions after chemotherapy on activity performance and social participation in breast cancer patients. Arch Health Sci Res. 2021;8(3):189-195. doi: 10.5152/ArcHealthSciRes.2021.20087.
  • 4. Akyolcu N, Özhanlı Y, Kandemir D. Meme kanserinde güncel gelişmeler. Journal of Health Science and Profession. 2019;6(3):583-94. doi: 10.5152/hsp.2019.440012.
  • 5. Randa S, Uğraş GA, Eser K. Meme kanserli kadınların cerrahi girişim sonrası yaşadıkları üst ekstremite sorunlarının yaşam kalitesine etkisi. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;12(2):170-181. doi: 10.26559/mersinsbd.449112.
  • 6. Jørgensen MG, Toyserkani NM, Hansen FG, Bygum A, Sørensen JA. The impact of lymphedema on health-related quality of life up to 10 years after breast cancer treatment. NPJ breast cancer. 2021;7(1):70. doi: 10.1038/s41523-021-00276-y.
  • 7. Kütüküt E, İyigün G. Meme kanseri cerrahisi sonrası lenfödem gelişen hastalarda ev-temelli tedavi programının lenfödem, üst ekstremite fonksiyonları ve yaşam kalitesi üzerine etkileri. Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2020;5(1):1-9. doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2018-63377.
  • 8. Hespe GE, Nores GG, Huang JJ, Mehrara BJ. Pathophysiology of lymphedema: Is there a chance for medication treatment? J Surg Oncol. 2017;115:96–8. doi: 10.1002/jso.24414.
  • 9. Bucci LK, Brunelle CL, Bernstein MC, et al. Subclinical lymphedema after treatment for breast cancer: Risk of progression and considerations for early intervention. Ann Surg Oncol. 2021;28:8624–8633. doi: 10.1245/s10434-021-10173-0.
  • 10. Özbaş S, Koçak S. Meme kanserinin cerrahi tedavisinde aksiler lenf nodu diseksiyonu. Meme Sağlığı Dergisi 2006;2:59-63.
  • 11. De Groef A, Van der Gucht E, Dams L. et al. The association between upper limb function and variables at the different domains of the international classification of functioning, disability and health in women after breast cancer surgery: A systematic review. Disabil Rehabil. 2022;44(8):1176-1189. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1800835.
  • 12. Alkan F, Erdem R. Mutluluk ile geçici yeti yitimi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Sağlık ve Toplum. 2020;20(3):69-79.
  • 13. Klein I, Kalichman L, Chen N, Susmallian S. A pilot study evaluating the effect of early physical therapy on pain and disabilities after breast cancer surgery: Prospective randomized control trail. The Breast. 2021;59:286-293. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2021.07.013.
  • 14. Özkan S, Öğce F, Koca AK. Meme ve gastrointestinal sistem kanserli hastaların depresyon, aksiyete ve yetiyitimi durumlarının belirlenmesi. EGEHFD. 2007;23(2):69-80.
  • 15. Stewart AL, Hays RD, Ware JEJ, et al. The MOS short-form general health survey: Reliability and validity in a patient population. Med Care. 1988;26:724-735. doi: 10.1097/00005650-198807000-00007.
  • 16. Kaplan İ. Yarı kırsal alanda bir sağlık ocağına başvuran hastalarda ruhsal bozuklukların yeti yitimi ile ilişkisi. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi. 1995;6:169179.
  • 17. İrdesel J, Özkan L, Kurt M, ve ark. Aksiller diseksiyon ve radyoterapi uygulanan olgularda omuz kısıtlılığı ve lenfödem gelişiminin önlenmesinde rehabilitasyonun rolü. Türk Fiz Tıp Rehab Derg. 1998;2:9-17.
  • 18. Bicer A, Ankarali H. Shoulder pain and disability index: A validation study in Turkish women. Singapore Med J. 2010;51(11):865-870.
  • 19. Beaton DE, Wright JG, Katz JN. The upper extremity collaborative group. Development of the Quick DASH: Comparison of three item-reduction approaches. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:1038-1046. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.D.02060.
  • 20. Koldaş Doğan S, Ay S, Evcik D, Baser O. Adaptation of Turkish version of the questionnaire Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick DASH) in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Clin Rheumatol. 2011;30(2):185-91. doi: 10.1007/s10067-010-1470-y.
  • 21. Imeda T, Toh S, Wada T, et al. Validation of the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Hand version of the Quick Disability of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (Quick DASH-JSSH) questionnaire. J Orthop Sci. 2006;11:248-253. doi: 10.1007/s00776-006-1013-1.
  • 22. Reddy KG, Strassle PD, McGuire KP. Role of age, tumor grade, and radiation therapy on immediate postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Clin Breast Cancer. 2018;18(4):313-319. doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.11.021.
  • 23. Siqueira TC, Frágoas SP, Pelegrini A, de Oliveira AR, da Luz CM. Factors associated with upper limb dysfunction in breast cancer survivors. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2021;29:1933-1940. doi: 10.1007/s00520-020-05668-7.
  • 24. Mobarakeh ZS, Mokhtari-Hesari P, Lotfi-Tokaldany M, Montazeri A, Heidari M, Zekri F. Combined decongestive therapy and reduction of pain and heaviness in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema. Support Care Cancer. 2019;27(10):3805-11. doi: 10.1007/s00520-019-04681-9.
  • 25. Korucu TS, Ucurum SG, Tastaban E, Ozgun H, Kaya DO. Comparison of shoulder-arm complex pain, function, and scapular dyskinesia in women with and without unilateral lymphedema after breast cancer surgery. Clin Breast Cancer. 2021;21(3):e285-93. doi: 10.1016/j.clbc.2020.10.008.
  • 26. Yılmaz E, Coşkun T. Meme kanserli hastalarda üst ekstremite sorunları ve yaşam kalitesi. Med J Bakirkoy. 2019;15(1).
  • 27. Pereira ACPR, Koifman RJ, Bergmann A. Incidence and risk factors of lymphedema after breast cancer treatment: 10 years of follow-up. The Breast. 2017;36:67-73. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.09.006.
  • 28. Maccarone MC, Venturini E, Menegatti E, Gianesini S, Masiero S. Water-based exercise for upper and lower limb lymphedema treatment. J. Vasc. Surg. Venous. Lymphat. Disord. 2023;11(1):201-209. doi: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2022.08.002.
  • 29. Basha MA, Aboelnour NH, Alsharidah AS, Kamel FH. Effect of exercise mode on physical function and quality of life in breast cancer–related lymphedema: A randomized trial. Supportive Care Cancer. 2022;30(3):2101-2110. doi: 10.1007/s00520-021-06559-1.
  • 30. Mejdahl MK, Andersen KG, Gärtner R, Kroman N, Kehlet H. Persistent pain and sensory disturbances after treatment for breast cancer: Six year nationwide follow-up study. BMJ. 2013;346:f1865. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f1865.
  • 31. De Groef A, Van Kampen M, Dieltjens E, et al. Effectiveness of postoperative physical therapy for upper-limb impairments after breast cancer treatment: A systematic review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2015;96(6):1140–53.
  • 32. Kibar S, Dalyan Aras M, Ünsal Delialioğlu S. The risk factors and prevalence of upper extremity impairments and an analysis of effects of lymphoedema and other impairments on the quality of life of breast cancer patients. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl). 2017;26(4):e12433. doi: 10.1111/ecc.12433.
  • 33. Smoot B, Wong J, Cooper B, et al. Upper extremity impairments in women with or without lymphedema following breast cancer treatment. J Cancer Surviv. 2010;4(2):167-78. doi: 10.1007/s11764-010-0118-x.
  • 34. Akbas A, Dagmura H, Daldal E, Dasiran FM, Deveci H, Okan I. Association between shoulder range of motion and pain catastrophizing scale in breast cancer patients after surgery. Breast Care. 2021;16(1):66-71.
  • 35. Civelek G. Meme kanseri ile ilişkili lenfödemin el kas gücü, el fonksiyonları ve elde duyu kaybına etkisi. Cukurova Medical Journal. 2016;41(2):208-216. doi: 10.17826/cutf.200040.
  • 36. de Souza Cunha N, Zomkowski K, Fernandes BL, et al. Physical symptoms and components of labor tasks associated with upper limb disability among working breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer. 2020;27:140–146. doi: 10.1007/s12282-019-01004.
  • 37. Wang Y, Feng W. Cancer-related psychosocial challenges. General Psychiatry. 2022;35(5):e100871. doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2022-100871.
  • 38. Zahedian E, Bahreini M, Ghasemi N, Mirzaei K. Group meta-cognitive therapy and depression in women with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Womens Health. 2021;21(1):111.
  • 39. Dantas de Oliveira NP, Guedes TS, Holanda AM, et al. Functional disability in women submitted to breast cancer treatment. APJCP. 2017;18(5):1207–1214.
  • 40. Uçurum SG, Polat K, Gürşan İN, Bayram KB, Özer D. Meme kanseri cerrahisi sonrası ekstremite hacmi ile ağrı, duyu ve kavrama kuvveti arasındaki ilişki. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi. 2022;7(1):49-54.
Toplam 40 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Cerrahi (Diğer), Klinik Onkoloji
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Murat Can Mollaoglu 0000-0002-7623-081X

Mukadder Mollaoğlu 0000-0002-9264-3059

Esra Başer Akın 0000-0003-3618-3622

Kürşat Karadayı 0000-0002-1459-8432

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ağustos 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Şubat 2024
Kabul Tarihi 26 Haziran 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024

Kaynak Göster

JAMA Mollaoglu MC, Mollaoğlu M, Başer Akın E, Karadayı K. Meme Kanseri Cerrahisi Sonrası Üst Ekstremite Sorunları ve Yeti Yitimi. IGUSABDER. 2024;:750–766.

 Alıntı-Gayriticari-Türetilemez 4.0 Uluslararası (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)