Araştırma Makalesi
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Determination of the Relationship between Adolescents' Healthy Family Thoughts and Empathy Levels Towards Peer Bullying: A Cross-sectional Study

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 27, 944 - 960, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1725253

Öz

Aim: Adolescence is a critical period in which individuals develop social skills and emotional awareness, and family structure plays an important role in this process. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between adolescents' perceptions of healthy families and their empathy levels towards individuals who are bullied.
Methods: The study was descriptive and cross-sectional. In the study, using a convenience sampling method, 325 adolescents between the ages of 15-19 living in Gaziantep were reached online. Data were gathered using a sociodemographic information form, the Healthy Family Scale, and the Empathy Toward the Victim of Peer Bullying Scale. Descriptive statistics, comparison analyses between variables and scales, and tests of association between scales were used to analyze the data. The significance level was 95% confidence interval.
Results: The study was descriptive and cross-sectional. In the study, using a convenience sampling method, 325 adolescents between the ages of 15-19 living in Gaziantep were reached online. Data were gathered using a sociodemographic information form, the Healthy Family Scale, and the Empathy Toward the Victim of Peer Bullying Scale. Descriptive statistics, comparison analyses between variables and scales, and tests of association between scales were used to analyze the data.
Conclusion: The findings show that healthy family functioning positively affects the empathic tendencies of adolescents. Especially mothers' education level and supportive communication within the family are determining factors in empathy development. In addition, the number of children in the family is one of the important variables affecting the level of empathy. The study highlights the importance of family-based intervention and support programs by emphasizing the impact of family structure on psychosocial development. As a result, it is recommended to develop interventions to strengthen family communication and support parents to increase the empathy levels of adolescents.

Teşekkür

Katılım sağalayan herkese çok teşekkür ederiz.

Kaynakça

  • 1. UNICEF. Adolescents Statistics. UNICEF DATA. 2024. Accessed May 25, 2025. https://data.unicef.org/topic/adolescents/overview/
  • 2. Akbaş E, Yiğitoğlu G. Adölesan dönemde psikososyal sorunlar. OPUS. 2021;18(43):7277-7299. doi: 10.26466/opus.906824
  • 3. Kürtüncü M, Uzun M, Ayoğlu FN. Ergen eğitim programının riskli sağlık davranışları ve sağlık algısına etkisi. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi. 2015;(2):187-195.
  • 4. TÜİK. TÜİK Kurumsal. 2024. Accessed May 25, 2025. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Genclik-2023-53677
  • 5. Andrews NCZ, Cillessen AHN, Craig W, Dane AV, Volk AA. Bullying and the Abuse of Power. Int Journal of Bullying Prevention. 2023;5(3):261-270.
  • 6. Romera EM, Ortega-Ruiz R, Runions K, Camacho A. Bullying perpetration, moral disengagement and need for popularity: examining reciprocal associations in adolescence. J Youth Adolescence. 2021;50(10):2021-2035. doi: 10.1007/s10964-021-01482-4
  • 7. Gini G, Marino C, Pozzoli T, Holt M. Associations between peer victimization, perceived teacher unfairness, and adolescents’ adjustment and well-being. J Sch Psychol. 2018;67:56-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jsp.2017.09.005
  • 8. Martínez J, Rodríguez-Hidalgo AJ, Zych I. Bullying and cyberbullying in adolescents from disadvantaged areas: validation of questionnaires; prevalence rates; and relationship to self-esteem, empathy and social skills. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(17):6199. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176199
  • 9. Hikmat R, Suryani S, Yosep I, Jeharsae R. Empathy’s crucial role: unraveling ımpact on students bullying behavior - a scoping review. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2024;17:3483-3495.
  • 10. Salavera C, Usán P, Teruel P, Urbón E, Murillo V. School bullying: empathy among perpetrators and victims. Sustainability. 2021;13(3):1548. doi: 10.3390/su13031548
  • 11. Zhao M, Abdul Kadir NB, Abd Razak MA. The relationship between family functioning, emotional ıntelligence, loneliness, social support, and depressive symptoms among undergraduate students. Behavioral Sciences. 2024;14(9):819. doi: 10.3390/bs14090819
  • 12. Meng K, Yuan Y, Wang Y, et al. Effects of parental empathy and emotion regulation on social competence and emotional/behavioral problems of school‐age children. Pediatr Investig. 2020;4(2):91-98. doi: 10.1002/ped4.12197
  • 13. Stapley E, Vainieri I, Li E, et al. A scoping review of the factors that ınfluence families’ ability or capacity to provide young people with emotional support over the transition to adulthood. Front Psychol. 2021;12:732899. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.732899
  • 14. Utomo KDM. Investigations of cyber bullying and traditional bullying in adolescents on the roles of cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and age. International Journal of Instruction. 2022;15(2):937-950.
  • 15. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP; STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(4):344-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008.
  • 16. Zych I, Llorent VJ. Affective empathy and moral disengagement related to late adolescent bullying perpetration. Ethics & Behavior. 2018;29. doi: 10.1080/10508422.2018.1521282
  • 17. Çağlar A, Akyıl Y, İme Y. Sağlıklı aile ölçeği: kısa ve uzun formunun Türkçe’ye uyarlanması. LAÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2021;12(2):174-192.
  • 18. Nalbant A, Babaoğlan E, Çelik E. Akran Zorbalığına uğrayan kurbana karşı empati ölçeğinin Türk kültürü’ne uyarlanması. MEÜEFD. 2018;14(2):840-851.
  • 19. Crandall A, Weiss-Laxer NS, Broadbent, et al. The Family Health Scale: reliability and validity of a short- and long-form. Frontiers in Public Health. 2020;8:1-13
  • 20. Pöyhönen V, Karna A. Salmivalli C. Classroom-level moderators of the empathydefending link. R. Veenstra (Chair). Bullying and victimization. International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development, Würzburg, Germany, 2008.
  • 21. Eyuboglu M, Eyuboglu D, Pala SC, et al. Traditional school bullying and cyberbullying: Prevalence, the effect on mental health problems and self-harm behavior. Psychiatry Res. 2021;297:113730. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113730
  • 22. Saka A, Ceylan Ş. Examining adolescents’ resilience levels wıth respect to their family structures. ETAD/JRES. 2018;5(1):68-86.
  • 23. Ma X, Yao Y, Zhao X. Prevalence of behavioral problems and related family functioning among middle school students in an eastern city of China. Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2013;5(1):E1-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1758-5872.2012.00211.x
  • 24. Cui H, Bi X, Zhou X, Zhang W, Ma Y. Family function and adolescent altruistic behavior: the multiple mediating effects of self-affirmation and psychological resilience. Front Psychol. 2023;14:1184985. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1184985
  • 25. Hsieh HF, Mistry R, Kleinsasser MJ, et al. Family functioning within the context of families with adolescent children in urban India. Fam Process. 2023;62(1):287-301.
  • 26. Su W, Mrug S, Windle M. Social cognitive and emotional mediators link violence exposure and parental nurturance to adolescent aggression. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2010;39(6):814-824. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2010.517163
  • 27. Kilicaslan F, Beyazgul B, Kuzan R, Karadag D, Koruk F, Koruk I. The prevalence of peer bullying and psychiatric symptoms among high school students in southeast Turkey. Nord J Psychiatry. 2023;77(1):83-90. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2022.2134450
  • 28. Promsri C. Does a family size have an effect on empathy level? : filling the gap in empathy literature. Academy of Social Science Journals. 2019;4(4):1300-1303.

Adölesanların, Sağlıklı Aile Düşünceleri ile Akran Zorbalığına Yönelik Empati Düzeyleri Arasındaki İlişkinin Belirlenmesi: Kesitsel bir çalışma

Yıl 2025, Sayı: 27, 944 - 960, 31.12.2025
https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1725253

Öz

Amaç: Ergenlik dönemi, bireylerin sosyal beceri ve duygusal farkındalıklarının geliştiği kritik bir dönemdir ve bu süreçte aile yapısı önemli bir rol oynar. Bu araştırmanın amacı, adölesanların sağlıklı aile algıları ile akran zorbalığına uğrayan bireylere yönelik empati düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir.
Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tiptedir. Çalışmada, kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak, Gaziantep’te yaşayan 15-19 yaş aralığındaki 325 adölesana çevrim içi yollarla ulaşılmıştır. Veriler, sosyodemografik bilgi formu, Sağlıklı Aile Ölçeği ve Akran Zorbalığına Uğrayan Kurbana Karşı Empati Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, değişkenler ve ölçekler arası karşılaştırma analizleri ve ölçekler arası ilişki testleri kullanıldı. Anlamlılık %95 güven aralığında idi.
Bulgular: Adölesanların sağlıklı aile ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 135,67, empati ölçeği puan ortalaması ise 28,24 olarak bulunmuştur. Sağlıklı aile algısı ile empati düzeyi arasında pozitif yönde düşük düzeyde anlamlı ilişki saptanmıştır (r=0,251, p<0,001). Empati düzeyinin; cinsiyet, annenin eğitim ve çalışma durumu ile ailedeki çocuk sayısına göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Sağlıklı aile puanları ise ekonomik durum ve yaş gibi değişkenlerden etkilenmiştir.
Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgular, sağlıklı aile işleyişinin adölesanların empatik eğilimlerini olumlu yönde etkilediğini ortaya koymaktadır. Özellikle annelerin eğitim seviyesi ve aile içi destekleyici iletişim, empati gelişiminde belirleyici faktörlerdir. Ayrıca, ailedeki çocuk sayısı empati düzeyini etkileyen önemli değişkenlerden biridir. Çalışma, aile yapısının psikososyal gelişim üzerindeki etkisini vurgulayarak, aile temelli müdahale ve destek programlarının önemine dikkat çekmektedir. Sonuç olarak, adölesanların empati düzeylerinin artırılmasında aile içi iletişimi güçlendirmeye ve ebeveynleri desteklemeye yönelik müdahalelerin geliştirilmesi önerilmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. UNICEF. Adolescents Statistics. UNICEF DATA. 2024. Accessed May 25, 2025. https://data.unicef.org/topic/adolescents/overview/
  • 2. Akbaş E, Yiğitoğlu G. Adölesan dönemde psikososyal sorunlar. OPUS. 2021;18(43):7277-7299. doi: 10.26466/opus.906824
  • 3. Kürtüncü M, Uzun M, Ayoğlu FN. Ergen eğitim programının riskli sağlık davranışları ve sağlık algısına etkisi. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi. 2015;(2):187-195.
  • 4. TÜİK. TÜİK Kurumsal. 2024. Accessed May 25, 2025. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Genclik-2023-53677
  • 5. Andrews NCZ, Cillessen AHN, Craig W, Dane AV, Volk AA. Bullying and the Abuse of Power. Int Journal of Bullying Prevention. 2023;5(3):261-270.
  • 6. Romera EM, Ortega-Ruiz R, Runions K, Camacho A. Bullying perpetration, moral disengagement and need for popularity: examining reciprocal associations in adolescence. J Youth Adolescence. 2021;50(10):2021-2035. doi: 10.1007/s10964-021-01482-4
  • 7. Gini G, Marino C, Pozzoli T, Holt M. Associations between peer victimization, perceived teacher unfairness, and adolescents’ adjustment and well-being. J Sch Psychol. 2018;67:56-68. doi: 10.1016/j.jsp.2017.09.005
  • 8. Martínez J, Rodríguez-Hidalgo AJ, Zych I. Bullying and cyberbullying in adolescents from disadvantaged areas: validation of questionnaires; prevalence rates; and relationship to self-esteem, empathy and social skills. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17(17):6199. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17176199
  • 9. Hikmat R, Suryani S, Yosep I, Jeharsae R. Empathy’s crucial role: unraveling ımpact on students bullying behavior - a scoping review. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2024;17:3483-3495.
  • 10. Salavera C, Usán P, Teruel P, Urbón E, Murillo V. School bullying: empathy among perpetrators and victims. Sustainability. 2021;13(3):1548. doi: 10.3390/su13031548
  • 11. Zhao M, Abdul Kadir NB, Abd Razak MA. The relationship between family functioning, emotional ıntelligence, loneliness, social support, and depressive symptoms among undergraduate students. Behavioral Sciences. 2024;14(9):819. doi: 10.3390/bs14090819
  • 12. Meng K, Yuan Y, Wang Y, et al. Effects of parental empathy and emotion regulation on social competence and emotional/behavioral problems of school‐age children. Pediatr Investig. 2020;4(2):91-98. doi: 10.1002/ped4.12197
  • 13. Stapley E, Vainieri I, Li E, et al. A scoping review of the factors that ınfluence families’ ability or capacity to provide young people with emotional support over the transition to adulthood. Front Psychol. 2021;12:732899. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.732899
  • 14. Utomo KDM. Investigations of cyber bullying and traditional bullying in adolescents on the roles of cognitive empathy, affective empathy, and age. International Journal of Instruction. 2022;15(2):937-950.
  • 15. von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP; STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008;61(4):344-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008.
  • 16. Zych I, Llorent VJ. Affective empathy and moral disengagement related to late adolescent bullying perpetration. Ethics & Behavior. 2018;29. doi: 10.1080/10508422.2018.1521282
  • 17. Çağlar A, Akyıl Y, İme Y. Sağlıklı aile ölçeği: kısa ve uzun formunun Türkçe’ye uyarlanması. LAÜ Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi. 2021;12(2):174-192.
  • 18. Nalbant A, Babaoğlan E, Çelik E. Akran Zorbalığına uğrayan kurbana karşı empati ölçeğinin Türk kültürü’ne uyarlanması. MEÜEFD. 2018;14(2):840-851.
  • 19. Crandall A, Weiss-Laxer NS, Broadbent, et al. The Family Health Scale: reliability and validity of a short- and long-form. Frontiers in Public Health. 2020;8:1-13
  • 20. Pöyhönen V, Karna A. Salmivalli C. Classroom-level moderators of the empathydefending link. R. Veenstra (Chair). Bullying and victimization. International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development, Würzburg, Germany, 2008.
  • 21. Eyuboglu M, Eyuboglu D, Pala SC, et al. Traditional school bullying and cyberbullying: Prevalence, the effect on mental health problems and self-harm behavior. Psychiatry Res. 2021;297:113730. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113730
  • 22. Saka A, Ceylan Ş. Examining adolescents’ resilience levels wıth respect to their family structures. ETAD/JRES. 2018;5(1):68-86.
  • 23. Ma X, Yao Y, Zhao X. Prevalence of behavioral problems and related family functioning among middle school students in an eastern city of China. Asia Pac Psychiatry. 2013;5(1):E1-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1758-5872.2012.00211.x
  • 24. Cui H, Bi X, Zhou X, Zhang W, Ma Y. Family function and adolescent altruistic behavior: the multiple mediating effects of self-affirmation and psychological resilience. Front Psychol. 2023;14:1184985. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1184985
  • 25. Hsieh HF, Mistry R, Kleinsasser MJ, et al. Family functioning within the context of families with adolescent children in urban India. Fam Process. 2023;62(1):287-301.
  • 26. Su W, Mrug S, Windle M. Social cognitive and emotional mediators link violence exposure and parental nurturance to adolescent aggression. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2010;39(6):814-824. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2010.517163
  • 27. Kilicaslan F, Beyazgul B, Kuzan R, Karadag D, Koruk F, Koruk I. The prevalence of peer bullying and psychiatric symptoms among high school students in southeast Turkey. Nord J Psychiatry. 2023;77(1):83-90. doi: 10.1080/08039488.2022.2134450
  • 28. Promsri C. Does a family size have an effect on empathy level? : filling the gap in empathy literature. Academy of Social Science Journals. 2019;4(4):1300-1303.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Erhan Elmaoğlu 0000-0002-4830-1625

Ayşegül Şimşek 0000-0002-2166-1778

Gönderilme Tarihi 23 Haziran 2025
Kabul Tarihi 19 Kasım 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Sayı: 27

Kaynak Göster

JAMA Elmaoğlu E, Şimşek A. Determination of the Relationship between Adolescents’ Healthy Family Thoughts and Empathy Levels Towards Peer Bullying: A Cross-sectional Study. IGUSABDER. 2025;:944–960.

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