The Role of Vitamins in Heart Ischemia-Reperfusion

Öz

Today, the increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases has increased the studies in this field. It is seen that most deaths among heart diseases occur due to myocardial ischemia. Effective prevention and treatment of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and examination of the underlying mechanisms of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury are the most important points of current research. Vitamins have very important functions, although they are found in trace amounts in the human body. Vitamin deficiencies in living beings cause widespread health problems in the world and in our country. In recent years, there are studies showing a link between the protective effect of vitamins and cardiovascular system diseases. Cardioprotective mechanisms of antioxidant vitamins have been shown. Hemorrhage, myocytolysis and edema develop in the heart I/R tissue. Various studies indicate that necrosis, hemorrhage, myocytolysis, edema and endothelial dysfunction occurring after ischemia-reperfusion in the heart can be prevented with vitamins. Evaluations made with metabolome analysis and electron microscope analysis prove that vitamins have a protective role in the heart today. Vitamins act as antioxidants, reducing or preventing free radical damage. It is observed that people who take enough vitamin supplements do not have heart disease or have a mild illness. In this review, dietary vitamins have been associated with their cardioprotective effects, and the results are summarized according to the changes in biomarkers in tissues according to the recent studies.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ischemia-reperfusion
• antioxidant
• cardiovascular diseases

Kalp İskemi-Reperfüzyonunda Vitaminlerin Rolü

Öz

Günümüzde kardiyovasküler hastalıkların görülme insidansının artması bu alanda yapılan çalışmaları da beraberinde artırmıştır. Kalp hastalıkları içerisinde ölümlerin çoğunun miyokardiyal iskemiye bağlı olarak gerçekleştiği görülmektedir. Miyokardiyal iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarının etkili bir şekilde önlenmesi, tedavisinin nasıl sağlanacağı ve iskemi-reperfüzyon (I/R) hasarının altında yatan mekanizmaların incelenmesi, güncel araştırmaların en önemli noktasıdır. Vitaminler, insan vücudunda eser miktarlarda bulunmalarına rağmen çok önemli işlevlere sahiptir. Canlı bünyesinde vitamin eksikliği, dünyada ve ülkemizde yaygın sağlık sorunlarına neden olmaktadır. Son yıllarda vitaminlerin koruyucu etkisi ile kardiyovasküler sistem hastalıkları arasında bağlantı olduğunu gösteren çalışmalar bulunmaktadır. Antioksidan özellikli vitaminlerin kalbi koruyucu kardiyoprotektif mekanizmaları gösterilmiştir. Kalp I/R dokusunda hemoraji, myositolizis, ödem gelişmektedir. Kalpte meydana gelen I/R sonrasında oluşan nekrozun, hemorajinin, myositolizisin, ödem ve endotel disfonksiyonun vitaminler ile önlenebildiği çeşitli çalışmalar ile belirtilmektedir. Metabolom analizi ve elektron mikroskobu ile yapılan değerlendirmeler günümüzde vitaminlerin kalbi koruyucu rolünün olduğunu ispatlamaktadır. Vitaminler, antioksidan işlevi görerek serbest radikal hasarını azaltır ya da önler. Yeterince vitamin takviyesi alan kişilerin kalp hastalıklarına yakalanmadıkları veya hafif atlattıkları görülmektedir. Bu derlemede diyetle alınan vitaminler ile kardiyoprotektif etkileri ilişkilendirilmiş olup yapılan son çalışmalara göre dokularda bulunan biyobelirteçlerin değişimine göre sonuçlar özetlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• iskemi reperfüzyon
• antioksidan
• kardiyovasküler hastalıklar

Kaynakça

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