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Social Impacts of COVID-19: Predicting the Unpredictability

Yıl 2020, Sayı 12, 484 - 501, 29.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.740470

Öz

This paper aims at making an inquiry into the ongoing societal effects of the COVID-19 focusing on futuristic dimensions in the post-COVID-19 scenario while taking stock of the expected social changes in the world in general and Pakistan in particular. The main thesis of the subject matter is that the cosmic outreach and destructive nature of this menace have introduced a few extraordinary changes in our social lives. Pandemics, since time immemorial have decimated millions of lives and spread grief, gloom and tribulation all around. The occurrence frequency of pandemics has been on the rise since the last century because of increased global integration, exponential growth in population, mass urbanization, increased mobility and excessive exploitation of the environment. Major pandemics endured by humanity are; plague, smallpox, flu or influenza, cholera, tuberculosis, Ebola and few others. All of these pandemics overwhelmed populations socially and economically, hence COVID-19 being accosted globally is hinting at the evolution of the new normal. 

Kaynakça

  • Borrell J. E U Minister for Foreign Affairs Addressing to European Parliament on 23 Mar 2020. European Union External Action. 2020. https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/76341/coronavirus-news-eu-action-team-europe-support-disinformation-repatriation-and-solidarity_en Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Billings M. The Influenza Pandemic of 1918: 2005. https://virus.stanford.edu/uda/. Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Smith KF, Goldberg M, Rosenthal S, et al. Global rise in human infectious disease outbreaks. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 2014;11(101). https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsif.2014.0950. Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Ursano RJ, Fullerton CS, Weisaeth L, Raphael B. Text Book of Disaster Psychiatry. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2017.
  • Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Jan – March 1995;1(1):7-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2626828/pdf/8903148.pdf. Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Ahmed QA, Arabie YM, Mernish ZA. Health Risks at the Hajj. The Lancet. 2006;367(9515):1008-1115. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(06)68429-8/fulltext. Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Herlihy D. Black Death and Transformation of West. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; 1997.
  • WHO. Plague Key Facts. WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/plague. Accessed on 5 April 2020.
  • Ruffer MA. Studies in the Paleopathology of Egypt. In: Moodie RL. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1921.
  • Jenifer LC. The Speckled Monster: A Historical Tale of Battling the Smallpox Epidemic. New York: Plume Penguin Group; 2004.
  • WHO. Declares Eradication of Smallpox. WHO. https://www.who.int/csr/disease/smallpox/en/. Accessed on 5 April 2020.
  • Steve J. The Ghost Map: The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic and How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World. New York: Penguin Group Pub; 2006.
  • WHO. Cholera Fact Sheet. WHO. https://www.who.int/health-topics/cholera#tab=tab_1. Accessed on 5 April 2020.
  • Centre for Disease Control & Prevention. 1918 Pandemic (H1N1 Virus). CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/1918-pandemic-h1n1.html. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Barry JM. The Great Influenza: The epic story of the deadliest plague in history. New York: Penguin Books; 2004.
  • Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009 H1N1 Pandemic (H1N1pdm09 Virus). CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/2009-h1n1-pandemic.html. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Howard P. Epidemics. Ohio: Ohio University Press; 2012.
  • WHO. Global Health Observatory Data. WHO. https://www.who.int/gho/hiv/en/. Accessed on 6 April 2020.
  • WHO. International Travel and SARS. WHO. https://www.who.int/ith/diseases/sars/en/. Accessed on 7 April 2020.
  • Al Hosani, Farida Ismail. Response to emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2016;22(7):1162-1168. doi: 10.3201/eid2207.160040
  • Richard, M, P. The Terrifying True Story of the Origin of the Ebola Virus: The Hot Zone. New York: Anchor Books; 1995.
  • Platt C. King Death: The Black Death and Its Aftermath in Late-Medieval England. Oxon U.K: Routledge; 2014.
  • Diamond J. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: Norton; 2009.
  • WHO. Guideline Document on Pandemic Preparedness and Response. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143067/. Accessed on 10 April 2020.
  • Drake TL, Chalabi Z, Coker R. Cost-effectiveness analysis of pandemic influenza preparedness: what's missing. Bull World Health Organ. 2012;90(12):940-941. doi: 10.2471/BLT.12.109025
  • Duffin E. Impacts of Coronavirus Pandemic on the Global Economy – Statistics and Facts. Statista. https://www.statista.com/topics/6139/covid-19-impact-on-the-global-economy/. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Holly E. Europe Should See a ‘Tick Mark’ Recovery After Coronavirus. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/01/coronavirus-europe-expect-a-tick-mark-recovery-economists-say.html.
  • UN News. COVID-19 Could Cause Equivalent of 195 Million Job Losses. UN News. https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1061322. Accessed on 17 April 2020.
  • PIDE. Covid-19 E-Book. PIDE. https://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PIDE-COVID19-EBook.pdf. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Mehtab H. Covid-19: Economy may face GDP loss of up to 4.64 percent. The News. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/637732-covid-19-economy-may-face-gdp-loss-of-up-to-4-64-percent. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R. Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19) [Updated 2020 Apr 6]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020.
  • World Travel & Tourism Data. https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact. Accessed on 21 April 2020.
  • WHO Press Briefing by Director General on 11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Accessed on 12 April 2020.

COVID-19'un Sosyal Etkileri: Öngörülemezliği Öngörmek

Yıl 2020, Sayı 12, 484 - 501, 29.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.740470

Öz

Bu makale, COVID-19 sonrası senaryoda fütüristik boyutlara odaklanarak COVID-19'un devam eden toplumsal etkilerine dair bir araştırma yapmayı ve genel olarak dünyada ve özelde Pakistan'da beklenen sosyal değişimleri değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Konunun ana tezi, bu tehdidin kozmik erişiminin ve yıkıcı doğasının, sosyal hayatlarımızda birkaç olağanüstü değişikliğe neden olduğudur. Pandemiler, hatırlanan zamandan beri milyonlarca hayatı yok etmiş ve her yere keder, kasvet ve sıkıntı yaymıştır. Pandemilerin ortaya çıkma sıklığı, artan küresel entegrasyon, nüfustaki üstel büyüme, kitlesel kentleşme, artan hareketlilik ve çevrenin aşırı sömürülmesi nedeniyle geçen yüzyıldan beri artmaktadır. İnsanlığın katlandığı başlıca pandemiler veba, çiçek hastalığı, grip, kolera, tüberküloz, ebola ve diğerleridir. Tüm bu pandemiler, toplumları sosyal ve ekonomik olarak yıkıma uğratmış, bu nedenle COVID-19'un küresel olarak ele alınması yeni normalin evrimine işaret etmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Borrell J. E U Minister for Foreign Affairs Addressing to European Parliament on 23 Mar 2020. European Union External Action. 2020. https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/76341/coronavirus-news-eu-action-team-europe-support-disinformation-repatriation-and-solidarity_en Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Billings M. The Influenza Pandemic of 1918: 2005. https://virus.stanford.edu/uda/. Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Smith KF, Goldberg M, Rosenthal S, et al. Global rise in human infectious disease outbreaks. Journal of the Royal Society Interface. 2014;11(101). https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsif.2014.0950. Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Ursano RJ, Fullerton CS, Weisaeth L, Raphael B. Text Book of Disaster Psychiatry. 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press; 2017.
  • Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infectious diseases. Emerging Infectious Diseases. Jan – March 1995;1(1):7-15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2626828/pdf/8903148.pdf. Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Ahmed QA, Arabie YM, Mernish ZA. Health Risks at the Hajj. The Lancet. 2006;367(9515):1008-1115. https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(06)68429-8/fulltext. Accessed on 2 April 2020.
  • Herlihy D. Black Death and Transformation of West. Massachusetts: Harvard University Press; 1997.
  • WHO. Plague Key Facts. WHO. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/plague. Accessed on 5 April 2020.
  • Ruffer MA. Studies in the Paleopathology of Egypt. In: Moodie RL. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1921.
  • Jenifer LC. The Speckled Monster: A Historical Tale of Battling the Smallpox Epidemic. New York: Plume Penguin Group; 2004.
  • WHO. Declares Eradication of Smallpox. WHO. https://www.who.int/csr/disease/smallpox/en/. Accessed on 5 April 2020.
  • Steve J. The Ghost Map: The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic and How It Changed Science, Cities, and the Modern World. New York: Penguin Group Pub; 2006.
  • WHO. Cholera Fact Sheet. WHO. https://www.who.int/health-topics/cholera#tab=tab_1. Accessed on 5 April 2020.
  • Centre for Disease Control & Prevention. 1918 Pandemic (H1N1 Virus). CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/1918-pandemic-h1n1.html. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Barry JM. The Great Influenza: The epic story of the deadliest plague in history. New York: Penguin Books; 2004.
  • Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009 H1N1 Pandemic (H1N1pdm09 Virus). CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/pandemic-resources/2009-h1n1-pandemic.html. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Howard P. Epidemics. Ohio: Ohio University Press; 2012.
  • WHO. Global Health Observatory Data. WHO. https://www.who.int/gho/hiv/en/. Accessed on 6 April 2020.
  • WHO. International Travel and SARS. WHO. https://www.who.int/ith/diseases/sars/en/. Accessed on 7 April 2020.
  • Al Hosani, Farida Ismail. Response to emergence of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2016;22(7):1162-1168. doi: 10.3201/eid2207.160040
  • Richard, M, P. The Terrifying True Story of the Origin of the Ebola Virus: The Hot Zone. New York: Anchor Books; 1995.
  • Platt C. King Death: The Black Death and Its Aftermath in Late-Medieval England. Oxon U.K: Routledge; 2014.
  • Diamond J. Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies. New York: Norton; 2009.
  • WHO. Guideline Document on Pandemic Preparedness and Response. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK143067/. Accessed on 10 April 2020.
  • Drake TL, Chalabi Z, Coker R. Cost-effectiveness analysis of pandemic influenza preparedness: what's missing. Bull World Health Organ. 2012;90(12):940-941. doi: 10.2471/BLT.12.109025
  • Duffin E. Impacts of Coronavirus Pandemic on the Global Economy – Statistics and Facts. Statista. https://www.statista.com/topics/6139/covid-19-impact-on-the-global-economy/. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Holly E. Europe Should See a ‘Tick Mark’ Recovery After Coronavirus. CNBC. https://www.cnbc.com/2020/04/01/coronavirus-europe-expect-a-tick-mark-recovery-economists-say.html.
  • UN News. COVID-19 Could Cause Equivalent of 195 Million Job Losses. UN News. https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/04/1061322. Accessed on 17 April 2020.
  • PIDE. Covid-19 E-Book. PIDE. https://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PIDE-COVID19-EBook.pdf. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Mehtab H. Covid-19: Economy may face GDP loss of up to 4.64 percent. The News. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/637732-covid-19-economy-may-face-gdp-loss-of-up-to-4-64-percent. Accessed on 18 April 2020.
  • Cascella M, Rajnik M, Cuomo A, Dulebohn SC, Di Napoli R. Features, Evaluation and Treatment Coronavirus (COVID-19) [Updated 2020 Apr 6]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2020.
  • World Travel & Tourism Data. https://wttc.org/Research/Economic-Impact. Accessed on 21 April 2020.
  • WHO Press Briefing by Director General on 11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020. Accessed on 12 April 2020.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Tıp
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Muhammad Ihsan QADIR Bu kişi benim
Defence & Security Division of Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi
0000-0001-8298-8478
United Arab Emirates


Saıf MALIK>
Institute of Strategic Studies Islamabad, Pakistan
0000-0001-5199-252X
Pakistan


Aqeel Abbas KAZMİ> (Sorumlu Yazar)
İSTANBUL SABAHATTİN ZAİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ
0000-0002-5044-4182
Türkiye

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Aralık 2020
Yayınlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020, Sayı 12

Kaynak Göster

Bibtex @derleme { igusabder740470, journal = {İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi}, issn = {2536-4499}, eissn = {2602-2605}, address = {İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Yüksekokulu - Cihangir Mah. Şehit Jandarma Komando Er Hakan Öner Sk. No: 1 Avcılar / İstanbul / Türkiye}, publisher = {İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi}, year = {2020}, number = {12}, pages = {484 - 501}, doi = {10.38079/igusabder.740470}, title = {Social Impacts of COVID-19: Predicting the Unpredictability}, key = {cite}, author = {Qadır, Muhammad Ihsan and Malık, Saıf and Kazmi, Aqeel Abbas} }
APA Qadır, M. I. , Malık, S. & Kazmi, A. A. (2020). Social Impacts of COVID-19: Predicting the Unpredictability . İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi , (12) , 484-501 . DOI: 10.38079/igusabder.740470
MLA Qadır, M. I. , Malık, S. , Kazmi, A. A. "Social Impacts of COVID-19: Predicting the Unpredictability" . İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi (2020 ): 484-501 <https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/igusabder/issue/58664/740470>
Chicago Qadır, M. I. , Malık, S. , Kazmi, A. A. "Social Impacts of COVID-19: Predicting the Unpredictability". İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi (2020 ): 484-501
RIS TY - JOUR T1 - COVID-19'un Sosyal Etkileri: Öngörülemezliği Öngörmek AU - Muhammad IhsanQadır, SaıfMalık, Aqeel AbbasKazmi Y1 - 2020 PY - 2020 N1 - doi: 10.38079/igusabder.740470 DO - 10.38079/igusabder.740470 T2 - İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi JF - Journal JO - JOR SP - 484 EP - 501 VL - IS - 12 SN - 2536-4499-2602-2605 M3 - doi: 10.38079/igusabder.740470 UR - https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.740470 Y2 - 2020 ER -
EndNote %0 İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi Social Impacts of COVID-19: Predicting the Unpredictability %A Muhammad Ihsan Qadır , Saıf Malık , Aqeel Abbas Kazmi %T Social Impacts of COVID-19: Predicting the Unpredictability %D 2020 %J İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi %P 2536-4499-2602-2605 %V %N 12 %R doi: 10.38079/igusabder.740470 %U 10.38079/igusabder.740470
ISNAD Qadır, Muhammad Ihsan , Malık, Saıf , Kazmi, Aqeel Abbas . "Social Impacts of COVID-19: Predicting the Unpredictability". İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi / 12 (Aralık 2020): 484-501 . https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.740470
AMA Qadır M. I. , Malık S. , Kazmi A. A. Social Impacts of COVID-19: Predicting the Unpredictability. IGUSABDER. 2020; (12): 484-501.
Vancouver Qadır M. I. , Malık S. , Kazmi A. A. Social Impacts of COVID-19: Predicting the Unpredictability. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020; (12): 484-501.
IEEE M. I. Qadır , S. Malık ve A. A. Kazmi , "Social Impacts of COVID-19: Predicting the Unpredictability", İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, sayı. 12, ss. 484-501, Ara. 2020, doi:10.38079/igusabder.740470

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