Afet Sonrası Psikososyal Desteklerde Sürdürülebilirlik: Sistematik Derleme

Öz

Bu sistematik derlemede, afet sonrası psikososyal destek modellerinin sürdürülebilirlik etkinliğini değerlendirmek amacıyla 2009–2025 yılları arasında PubMed veri tabanında yayımlanan 24 çalışma incelenmiştir. farklı afet türleri, coğrafi bölgeler, yaş ve risk gruplarını kapsamaktadır. Bulgular, psikososyal destek uygulamalarının travma sonrası stres, depresyon, anksiyete ve psikolojik sıkıntıyı azaltmada etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Dayanıklılık, sosyal destek, öz-yeterlilik ve topluluk kaynakları, ruh sağlığını koruyucu faktörler olarak öne çıkmıştır. Ancak bazı müdahalelerde sürenin kısalığı, kapsamın sınırlılığı ve yerel ihtiyaçlara uyumsuzluk gibi eksiklikler gözlemlenmiştir. Kadınlar, yaşlılar, çocuklar ve düşük sosyoekonomik bireylerin daha yüksek risk altında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Uzun vadeli izlemelerde belirtilerin azaldığı ancak bazı dönemlerde sosyal izolasyon ve yaşam koşullarının olumsuz etkiler yarattığı görülmüştür. Bulgular, toplum temelli, uzun süreli ve yerel aktörlerin katılımını içeren bütüncül modellerin, afet sonrası ruh sağlığı hizmetlerinde travma sonrası stres ve depresyon belirtilerini azaltmada etkili olduğunu ve sürdürülebilirliğin sistematik planlama ile güçlendirilebileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psikososyal Destek
• Psikososyal Destek Modelleri
• Afet Psikolojisi
• Toplum Temelli Müdahaleler
• Sürdürülebilirlik

Sustainability of Post-Disaster Psychosocial Support: A Systematic Review

Öz

This systematic review examined 24 studies published between 2009 and 2025 in the PubMed database to evaluate the sustainability and effectiveness of post-disaster psychosocial support models. The studies covered various types of disasters, geographical regions, age groups, and risk populations. Findings indicate that psychosocial support interventions are effective in reducing post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and psychological distress. Resilience, social support, self-efficacy, and community resources emerged as protective factors for mental health. However, some interventions exhibited limitations such as short duration, narrow scope, and lack of adaptation to local needs. Women, older adults, children, and individuals with low socioeconomic status were found to be at higher risk. Long-term follow-ups showed a general decrease in symptoms, though social isolation and living conditions occasionally had negative impacts. Overall, the findings demonstrate that community-based, long-term, and holistic models involving local actors are effective in reducing post-traumatic stress and depression symptoms, and that sustainability can be strengthened through systematic planning in post-disaster mental health services.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Psychosocial Support
• Psychosocial Support Models
• Disaster Psychology
• Community-Based Interventions
• Sustainability

Kaynakça

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