Sürdürülebilir Liman İşletmeciliğini Yönlendirici ve Engelleyici Faktörler: Bir Üçlü Bilanço Yaklaşımı

Öz

Sürdürülebilirlik, tedarik zinciri sistemlerinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, tedarik zincirlerinde düğüm noktaları olan limanların sürdürülebilirliği konusu da giderek daha çok önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; sürdürülebilir liman sistemlerini daha iyi anlamaya dönük olarak limanlarda ve liman işletmelerinde sürdürülebilirlik literatürü ele alınmakta, yönlendiriciler ve engeller belirlenmekte ve belirlenen bu faktörler, ekonomik-sosyal ve çevresel değerlerin birleşimini içeren üçlü bilanço (triple bottom line) yaklaşımı doğrultusunda incelenerek kavramsal bir analiz sunulmaktadır. Bu ayrıştırmayla, sürdürülebilir liman literatürünün üçlü bilançodaki dengesi değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda; sürdürülebilir liman literatüründe yönlendiricilerin çevresel sürdürülebilirlik konularında, engellerin ise ekonomik sürdürülebilirlik konularında yoğunlaştığı gözlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Üçlü bilanço,Sürdürülebilirlik,Liman İşletmeciliği,Tedarik Zinciri Yönetimi,Engel,Yönlendirici

Drivers and Barriers for Sustainable Port Management: A Triple Bottom Line Approach

Öz

It is widely recognized that sustainability plays important role in any system of supply chains. Sustainability is also an important issue for the port industry as nodes in supply chains. The purpose of this research is to gain better understanding of sustainable port system. Further specific objective of this study is to contribute to the sustainable port systems’ literature by analyzing the drivers and barriers for sustainable ports. We review sustainable supply chain literature in addition to the sustainable port literature with emphasis on drivers and barriers of sustainability in port systems.  We concentrate on sustainability in economic, environmental and social dimensions with the perspective of the Triple-Bottom-Line approach. Thus, we decompose the drivers and barriers for sustainable port systems in economic, environmental and social dimensions. By this decomposition, we assess the balance of the sustainable port literature in these dimensions. We observed that drivers concentrate on environmental sustainability issues and barriers concentrate on economic sustainability issues in sustainable port literature.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Triple bottom line,Sustainability,Port management,Supply Chain Management,Driver,Barrier

Kaynakça

1. AGYEMAN, Julian, Robert Doyle BULLARD, and Bob EVANS, eds. Just Sustainabilities: Development in an Unequal World. MIT press, 2003.
2. Al ZAABI, Shaikha, Noura Al DHAHERI, and Ali DIABAT", Analysis of Interaction between the Barriers for the Implementation of Sustainable Supply Chain Management”, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, Cilt: 68, Sayı: 1-4, 2013, s. 895-905.
3. BAUMGARTNER, Rupert J., and Daniela EBNER. "Corporate Sustainability Strategies: Sustainability Profiles and Maturity Levels", Sustainable Development, Cilt:18, Sayı:2, 2010, s. 76-89.
4. CARTER, Craig R., and Dale S. ROGERS. "A Framework of Sustainable Supply Chain Management: Moving Toward New Theory." International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Cilt:38, Sayı:5, 2008, s. 360-387.
5. CHEN, Injazz J., and Anthony PAULRAJ. "Understanding Supply Chain Management: Critical Research and A Theoretical Framework", International Journal of Production Research, Cilt:42 Sayı:1, 2004, s. 131-163.
6. CLIFT, Roland, Brad ALLENBY, and Robert AYRES. "Forum on Sustainability", Clean Products and Processes, Cilt:2, Sayı:1, 2000, 67. COVIL, C. "SuPort: Appraising Port Sustainability", Greening the Research Fleet Workshop. 2012, s. 10-11.
7. DASHORE, Kshitij, and Nagendra SOHANI. "Green Supply Chain Management-Barriers & Drivers: A Review", International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, Cilt:2, Sayı:4, 2013, s. 2021-2030.
8. DENKTAS-SAKAR, Gul, and Cetin KARATAS CIMEN, "Port Sustainability and Stakeholder Management in Supply Chains: A Framework On Resource Dependence Theory”, The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, Cilt:28, Sayı:3, 2012, s. 301-319.

9. Von DETTEN, Roderich. "Sustainability as A Guideline for Strategic Planning? The Problem of Long-Term Forest Management in the Face of Uncertainty”, European Journal of Forest Research, Cilt:130, Sayı:3, 2011, s. 451-465.
10. DHULL, Sunil, and M. NARWAL. "Drivers and Barriers in Green Supply Chain Management Adaptation: A State-of-Art Review”, Uncertain Supply Chain Management, Cilt: 4, Sayı: 1, 2016, s. 61-76.
11. DIABAT, Ali, and Kannan GOVINDAN. "An Analysis of the Drivers Affecting the Implementation of Green Supply Chain Management”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Cilt: 55, Sayı: 6, 2011, s. 659-667.
12. DREYER, Louise, Michael HAUSCHILD, and Jens SCHIERBECK. "A Framework for Social Life Cycle Impact Assessment”, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, Cilt: 11, Sayı: 2, 2006, s. 88-97.
13. DROHOMERETSKI, Everton, Sergio GOUVEA da COSTA, and Edson PINHEIRO de LIMA. "Green Supply Chain Management: Drivers, Barriers and Practices within the Brazilian Automotive Industry”, Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, Cilt: 25, Sayı: 8, 2014, s. 1105-1134.
14. DUBE, Anil S., and Rupesh S. GAWANDE. "Analysis of Green Supply Chain Barriers Using Integrated ISM-Fuzzy MICMAC Approach”, Benchmarking: An International Journal, Cilt: 23, Sayı: 6, 2016, s. 1558-1578.
15. ELKINGTON, John. "Partnerships from Cannibals with Forks: The Triple Bottom Line of 21st‐Century Business”, Environmental Quality Management, Cilt: 8, Sayı: 1, 1998, s. 37-51.
16. FEDAİ, Aytek, Canan MADRAN. “Sürdürülebilir Liman Yönetimi ve Antalya’da İki Yat Limaninda Vaka İncelemesi”, II. Ulusal Liman Kongresi, 2015.
17. GIUNIPERO, Larry C., Robert E. HOOKER, and Diane DENSLOW. "Purchasing and Supply Management Sustainability: Drivers and Barriers”, Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, Cilt:18, Sayı:4, 2012, s. 258-269.
18. GOLD, Stefan, Rüdiger HAHN, and Stefan SEURING. "Sustainable Supply Chain Management in “Base of the Pyramid” Food Projects—A Path to Triple Bottom Line Approaches for Multinationals?”, International Business Review, Cilt: 22, Sayı: 5, 2013, s. 784-799.
19. HASNA, Abdallah M. "Sustainability Classifications in Engineering: Discipline and Approach”, International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, Cilt: 3, Sayı: 4, 2010, s. 258-276.
20. HUTCHINS, Margot J., and John W. SUTHERLAND. "An Exploration of Measures of Social Sustainability and their Application to Supply Chain Decisions”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Cilt: 16, Sayı: 15, 2008, s. 1688-1698.
21. JAIN, V. K., and Shivani SHARMA. "Drivers Affecting the Green Supply Chain Management Adaptation: A Review”, IUP Journal of Operations Management, Cilt:13, Sayı:1, 2014, s. 54-63.
22. JAYANT, Arvind, and Mohd AZHAR. "Analysis of the Barriers for İmplementing Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) Practices: An İnterpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) Approach”, Procedia Engineering, Sayı:97, 2014, s. 2157-2166.
23. JOHNSTON, Paul, Mark EVERARD, David SANTİLLO and Karl-Henrik ROBÈRT. “Reclaiming the Definition of Sustainability”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, Cilt:14, Sayı:1, 2007, s. 60-66.
24. KAMOLKITTIWONG, A., and B. PHRUKSAPHANRAT. "An Analysis of Drivers Affecting Green Supply Chain Management Implementation in Electronics Industry in Thailand”, Journal of Economics Business and Management, Cilt:3, Sayı:9, 2015, 864-869.
25. KARATAŞ ÇETİN, Çimen & Gül DENKTAŞ ŞAKAR, “Value-Driven Corporate Social Responsibility in Ports/Limanlarda Değer Odaklı Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk”. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, Cilt: 12, Sayı: 29, s. 405-429.
26. KUHLMAN, Tom, and John FARRINGTON. "What is Sustainability?”, Sustainability, Cilt: 2, Sayı: 11, 2010, s. 3436-3448.
27. LAM, Jasmine Siu Lee, and Eddy Van de VOORDE. "Green Port Strategy for Sustainable Growth and Development”, Transport Logistics for Sustainable Growth at a New Level, International Forum on Shipping, Ports and Airports (IFSPA). 2012, s.27-30
28. LE, Xuan-Quynh, Van-Hieu VU, and Bas Van HEUR. "Stakeholder Perceptions and Involvement in the İmplementation of EMS in Ports in Vietnam and Cambodia”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Cilt: 64, 2014, s. 173-193.
29. LITMAN, Todd. Well Measured: Developing Indicators for Sustainable and Livable Transport Planning. Victoria Transport Policy Institute, 2016. www.vtpi.org
30. LU, Chin-Shan, Kuo-Chung SHANG, and Chi-Chang LIN. "Identifying Crucial Sustainability Assessment Criteria for International Ports”, International Forum on Shipping, Ports and Airports, Hong Kong. 2012.
31. LU, Chin-Shan, Kuo-Chung SHANG, and Chi-Chang LIN. "Examining Sustainability Performance at Ports: Port Managers’ Perspectives on Developing Sustainable Supply Chains”, Maritime Policy & Management, Cilt: 43, Sayı: 8, 2016, s.909-927.
32. LUTHRA, Sunil, Vinod KUMAR, Sanjay KUMAR, and Abid HALEEM. "Barriers to Implement Green Supply Chain Management in Automobile Industry Using İnterpretive Structural Modeling Technique: An Indian Perspective”, Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management, Cilt: 4, Sayı: 2, 2011, s. 231-257.
33. LUTHRA, Sunil, and Abid HALEEM. "Hurdles in Implementing Sustainable Supply Chain Management: An Analysis of Indian Automobile sector”, Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, Cilt:189, 2015, s. 175-183.
34. MANN, H., Uma KUMAR, Vinod KUMAR, and Inder Jit Singh MANN. “Drivers of Sustainable Supply Chain Management”. IUP Journal of Operations Management, Cilt:9, Sayı:4, 2010, s. 52-63.
35. MARKLEY, Melissa J., and Lenita DAVIS. "Exploring Future Competitive Advantage Through Sustainable Supply Chains”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, Cilt:37, Sayı:9 (2007, s. 763-774.
36. MATHIYAZHAGAN, K., Kannan GOVINDAN, A. NOORULHAQ, ve Yong GENG. "An ISM Approach for the Barrier Analysis in Implementing Green Supply Chain Management”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Cilt:47, 2013, s. 283-297.
37. McMICHAEL, Anthony J., Colin D. BUTLER, and Carl FOLKE. "New visions for addressing sustainability”, Science, Cilt:302, Sayı:5652, 2003, s. 1919-1920.
38. MENTZER, John T., William DEWITT, Lames S. KEEBLER, Soonhong MIN, Nancy W. NIX, Carlo D. SMITH, ve Zach G. ZACHARIA. "Defining Supply Chain Management”, Journal of Business logistics, Cilt: 22, Sayı: 2, 2001, s. 1-25.
39. MONTABON, Frank, Mark PAGELL, and Zhaohui WU. "Making Sustainability Sustainable”, Journal of Supply Chain Management, Cilt: 52, Sayı: 2, 2016, s. 11-27.
40. Oxford Dictionary, https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/ sustainability, (28.12.2016)
41. PAGELL, Mark, and Zhaohui WU. "Building A More Complete Theory of Sustainable Supply Chain Management Using Case Studies of 10 Exemplars”, Journal of Supply Chain Management, Cilt: 45 Sayı: 2, 2009, s. 37-56.
42. PAGELL, Mark, and Anton SHEVCHENKO. "Why research in Sustainable Supply Chain Management Should Have No Future”, Journal of Supply Chain Management, Cilt:50, Sayı:1, 2014, s. 44-55.
43. POULSEN, René Taudal, Stefano PONTE, and Jane LISTER. "Buyer-Driven Greening? Cargo-Owners and Environmental Upgrading in Maritime Shipping”, Geoforum, Cilt: 68, 2016, s. 57-68.
44. RAMIREZ, Edward, Ricardo J. GONZALEZ, and Gerardo J. MOREİRA. "Barriers and Bridges to the Adoption of Environmentally-Sustainable Offerings”, Industrial Marketing Management, Cilt: 43, Sayı:1, 2014, s.16-24.
45. REBSTOCK, January Green. “Embedding Sustainability: A Change Management Guide for Ports”, Doktora Tezi. University of Southern Calfornia, Faculty of the Sol Price School of Public Policy, California, 2013.
46. REHMAN, Minhaj Ahemad Abdul, and Rakesh L. SHRIVASTAVA. "An Innovative Approach to Evaluate Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) Drivers by Using Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM)”, International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, Cilt: 8, Sayı: 02 (2011, s. 315-336.
47. ROH, Saeyeon, Vinh V. THAI, and Yiik Diew WONG. "Towards Sustainable ASEAN Port Development: Challenges and Opportunities for Vietnamese Ports”, The Asian Journal of Shipping and Logistics, Cilt:32, Sayı:2, 2016, s. 107-118.
48. SARKIS, Joseph. "A Boundaries and Flows Perspective of Green Supply Chain Management”, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, Cilt:17, Sayı:2, 2012, s. 202-216.
49. SAJJAD, Aymen, Gabriel EWEJE, and David TAPPIN. "Sustainable Supply Chain Management: Motivators and Barriers”, Business Strategy and the Environment, Cilt:24, Sayı:7, 2015, s. 643-655.
50. SAVITZ, Andrew. The Triple Bottom Line: How Today's Best-Run Companies are Achieving Economic, Social and Environmental Success-And How You Can Too. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
51. SCOONES, Ian. "Sustainability”, Development in Practice, Cilt:17, Sayı:4-5, 2007, s. 589-596.
52. SEAGER, Thomas P., Jeff MELTON, and T. Taylor EIGHMY. "Working Towards Sustainable Science and Engineering: Introduction to the Special Issue on Highway Infrastructure”, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Cilt: 42, Sayı: 3, 2004, s. 205-207.
53. SEURING, Stefan, and Martin MÜLLER. "From A Literature Review to A Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Supply Chain Management”, Journal of cleaner production, Cilt:16, Sayı:15, 2008, s. 1699-1710.
54. SEURING, S., Joseph SARKIS, Martin MÜLLER, and Purba RAO. “Sustainability and Supply Chain Management–An Introduction to the Special Issue”. Journal of Cleaner Production, Cilt:16, Sayı:15, 2008, s. 1545-1551.
55. SHIAU, Tzay-An, and Chia-Chin CHUANG. "Social Construction of Port Sustainability Indicators: A Case Study of Keelung Port”, Maritime Policy & Management, Cilt:42, Sayı:1, 2015, s. 26-42.
56. TACHIZAWA, Elcio M., Cristina GIMENEZ, and Vicenta SIERRA. "Green Supply Chain Management Approaches: Drivers and Performance Implications”, International Journal of Operations & Production Management, Cilt:35, Sayı:11, 2015, s. 1546-1566.
57. TANG, Xiaohua. "The Research on Driver Model of Sustainable Supply Chain Management”, In Proceedings of International Conference on Low-carbon Transportation and Logistics, and Green Buildings (LTLGB 2012). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2013. s. 751-75.
58. TAY, Mee Yean, Azmawani Abd RAHMAN, Yuhanis Abdul AZİZ, and Shafie SIDEK. "A Review on Drivers and Barriers Towards Sustainable Supply Chain Practices”, International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, Cilt:5, Sayı:10, 2015, s. 892-897.
59. TEUSCHER, Peter, Beat GRÜNINGER, and Niels FERDINAND. "Risk Management in Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM): Lessons Learnt from the Case of GMO‐Free Soybeans”, Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, Cilt:13, Sayı:1, 2006, s. 1-10.
60. TYAGI, Mohit, Pradeep KUMAR, and Dinesh KUMAR. "Analysis of Interactions Among the Drivers of Green Supply Chain Management”, International Journal of Business Performance and Supply Chain Modelling, Cilt:7, Sayı:1, 2015, s. 92-108.
61. United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development (known as the Brundtland Commission), Our Common Future (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987), http://www.un-documents.net/wced-ocf.htm. 

62. WALKER, Helen, Lucio Di SISTO, and Darian MCBAIN. "Drivers and Barriers to Environmental Supply Chain Management Practices: Lessons From the Public and Private Sectors", Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, Cilt:14, Sayı:1, 2008, s. 69-85.
63. WARDE, Paul. "The Invention of Sustainability", Modern Intellectual History, Cilt: 8, Sayı: 1, 2011, s. 153-170.
64. ZHU, Qinghua, and Joseph SARKIS. "An Inter-Sectoral Comparison of Green Supply Chain Management in China: Drivers and Practices”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Cilt:14, Sayı:5, 2006, s. 472-486.
65. ZHU, Qinghua, Joseph SARKIS, and Kee-Hung LAI. "Green Supply Chain Management: Pressures, Practices and Performance within the Chinese Automobile Industry”, Journal of Cleaner Production, Cilt:15, Sayı:11, 2007, s. 1041-1052.