1800’lerin Küresel Krizleri, Büyük Depresyon ve 2008 Krizi

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 1, 77 - 127, 11.04.2017

Mustafa Emre Akbaş

https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.305553

Cited By: 3

Öz

Finansal krizler dünya ekonomik düzenini
sarsan afetlerdir. Bu afetler toplumların yaşam standartlarını da
etkilemektedir. 18. yy.’dan itibaren ulus devletlerin ortaya çıkışı ulusal
ekonomileri de birbirine yakınlaştırmıştır. Karşılıklı ticaret ve buna bağlı
finans ilişkilerin de artması ulusal para ve finans kurumlarını da birbiri ile
olan bağlantılarını hızlandırmıştır. Fakat dönemin Klasik öğreti anlayışı par
ve finans piyasalarını düzenleyecek ve denetim altında tutacak yetkili
kurumları oluşturamamıştır. Bu yüzden 20. yy. kadar finansal krizler daha sık
aralıklarla yaşanmıştır. 1930 sonrası Büyük Depresyon ve Keynesyen Devrim
yetkili ulusal para kurumları olan Merkez Bankalarına müdahale yetkilerini
vererek ulusal para ve finans sahalarını düzenlemeleri için tecrübe
kazanmalarına olanak sağlamıştır. 20 yy. içinde yaşanan finansal krizler ise
ağırlıklı iki nedenden dolayı ortaya çıkmaktadır.  Birincisi küresel para ve finans sistemine
hakim ülkenin hatalı para ve finans politikaları sonucunda çevresindeki
ülkeleri de içine alacak şekilde ortaya çıkmaktadır. İkincisi ise serbest
dolaşımlı küresel finans akımlarının düzensiz dağılımı ve yükselen Pazar
ekonomilerindeki kontrolsüz dalgalanmayla krizlerin çıkmasıdır.  Çalışmanın hedefi finansal krizler öncesinde
yaşanan iktisadi süreçlerin incelenmesi ve bu krizlere ne tür toplum ekonomisi
hareketlerinin neden olabileceğini ortaya çıkarmaktır. Olası finansal krizlere
karşı nasıl hazır olunabileceği konusu da aynı zamanda tartışılacaktır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Finansal Krizler, Uluslararası Para Düzeni, Küresel Krizler, Büyük Depresyon, 2008 Krizi

Global Crises of the 1800s, Great Depression and 2008 Crisis

Öz

The financial crisis are the disasters
that the world economic order have convulsed. These disasters were affected
infinitely the social living standarts.  The emergence of the nation state from the 18th century, national
economies are also closer together. Bilateral trade has accelerated and
connections with each other as well as with financial institutions to increase
the national currency and the related financial relationships. But the era of
the classical doctrine understanding money and to regulate financial markets
and to keep under control could create the appropriate authorities. So 20th
Century up to the financial crisis were experienced more frequently. After the
Great Depression and the Keynesian Revolution in 1930 by the competent national
monetary authorities, the Central Bank has the authority to intervene to allow
them to gain experience in the field of national monetary and financial
arrangements. 20 yy. Financial crises are emerging in the mainly two reasons.
First, global currency and the surrounding countries as a result of faulty
monetary and financial policy of the country is emerging to dominate the
financial system to include as well. The second is the free circulation of the
current global financial crisis with irregular distribution and the emergence
of uncontrolled fluctuations in emerging market economies. The object of this
work is study and resarch the ecomoic process before the financial crisis and
to reveal which social economic affairs are the reasons for financial crisis.
Add to this object it will be discussed how the financial actors can be on the
alert towards the potential financial crisis.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Financial Crises, International Money Regulation, Global Crises, Great Depression, 2008 Crisis

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