The Relationship between Organization Learning and Labor Productivity: A Research in Automotive Sector

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2, 299 - 315, 21.09.2021

Seda Kayapalı Yıldırım , Gürkan Çalmaşur

https://doi.org/10.17336/igusbd.651984

Öz

Improving productivity by moving beyond the classical organizational design is one of the research areas for years and several methods have been proposed to make particularly human resources more productive. One of the most important organizational methods is organizational learning. It is assumed that a productive workforce would contribute to organizational learning and this learning would increase the workforce productivity. Departing from this point, the purpose of this study is to examine how four organizations in the Turkish Automative Sector are impacted by workforce productivity through the learning curves of these organizations between the years of 1999 and 2018. The findings of the study showed that it is not possible to consier the two organizations as the learning organization while the other two organizations are learning organizations. Additionally, as the workforce productivity increases, the organizational learning level increases. Another important finding from this study is that the organizational learning in organizations does not increase by time.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Learning, Learning organizations, Productivity, Labor productivity, Automotive Sector, Turkey

İşgücü Verimliliği ve Öğrenen Örgüt İlişkisi: Otomotiv Sektöründe Bir Araştırma

Öz

Klasik örgüt tasarımının ötesine geçerek verimliliği artırmaya çalışmak yıllardır araştırmacıların inceleme konuları arasındadır. Özellikle insan kaynaklarının daha verimli hale getirilebilmesi için bir takım yöntemler ortaya atılmıştır. Bu örgütsel yöntemlerin en önemlilerinden birisi ise örgütsel öğrenmedir. Verimli olan işgücünün daha fazla örgütsel öğrenmeye katkı sunacağı ve öğrendikçe de işgücü verimliliğinin arttığı faydalı bir döngünün oluşacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle Türkiye Otomotiv Sektöründe otomobil üreten dört işletmenin 1999-2018 yılı arasındaki öğrenme eğrilerini ortaya çıkararak işgücü verimliliğinden nasıl etkilendiğini ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre iki işletme genel olarak öğrenen örgüt iken diğer iki işletmeyi öğrenen örgüt olarak kabul etmek mümkün değildir. Ayrıca işgücü verimliliği arttıkça örgütsel öğrenme düzeyi de artmaktadır. Son olarak işletmelerde yıllar geçtikçe örgütsel öğrenmenin artmadığı elde edilen önemli bir diğer sonuçtur. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Öğrenme, Öğrenen organizasyonlar, Verimlilik, İşgücü verimliliği, Otomotiv sektörü, Türkiye

Kaynakça

• ADUBA, J. J., IZAWA, H., (2018). “Industry (Economic)-Wide Learning: A Comparative Study of Manufacturing and Non-Manufacturing Sector in Japan.” Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, vol. 9(4) pp. 1–14.
• ARGOTE, L., EPPLE, D., (1990) “Learning Curves in Manufacturing.” Science, vol. 247(4945), pp. 92–924.
• ARGOTE, L., BECKMAN, S. L., EPPLE, D., (1990). “The Persistence and Transfer of Learning in Industrial Settings.” Management Science, vol. 36(2) pp. 140–154.
• ARTHUR MICHAEL, B., (2008). “On Being a Knowledge Worker”, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 37, No. 4, ss. 365–377.
• ASGARI, B., GONZALEZ-CORTEZ, J. L., (2012). “Measurement of Technological Progress through Analysis of Learning Rates; the Case of the Manufacturing Industries in Mexico.” Ritsumeikan Journal of Asian Pacific Studies, vol. 31, pp. 101–119.
• ASGARI, B., YEN, L. W., (2009). “Accumulated Knowledge and Technical Progress in Terms of Learning Rate; A Comparative Analysis on the Manufacturing Industry and Service Industry in Malaysia.” Asian Journal of Technological Innovation, vol. 17(2), pp. 71–99.
• AYBAR, Sibel, SALDAMLI, Asım, (2016). “Otel İşletmelerinde Öğrenen Örgüt Yapısı ve Verimlilik İlişkisi”, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimleri Dergisi, Yıl:15 Sayı:29 Bahar s.371-390.
• BADIRU, B. A., (1992). “Computational Survey Univariate and Multivariate Learning Curve Models.” IEEE Transaction on Engineering Management, vol. 39, pp. 176–188.
• BİNGÖL, Dursun, (2010). İnsan Kaynakları Yönetimi, İstanbul: Beta Yayın.
• BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP, (1970). Perspectives on Experience. Boston, Boston: Boston Consulting Group.
• BOSTON CONSULTING GROUP, (1973). The Experience Curve-Reviewed II: History, Perspectives. Boston, Boston: Boston Consulting Group.
• CARLSON, J. G., (1973). “Cubic Learning Curves: Precision Tool for Labor Estimating.” Manufacturing Engineering and Management, vol. 71(5), pp. 22–25.
• CHUNG, S., (2001). “The Learning Curve and the Yield Factor: The Case of Korea’s Semiconductor Industry.” Applied Economics, vol. 33(4) pp. 473–483.
• CHURCH, J., WARE, R., (2000). Industrial Organization: A Strategic Approach. Boston, Boston: McGraw Hill.
• CROSSAN, Marry, (1999). An Organizational Learning Framework: From Intiution to Institution, The Academy of Management Review, July, 522.
• DICK, A. R., (1991). “Learning by Doing and Dumping in the Semiconductor Industry.” Journal of Law and Economics, vol. 34(1), pp. 133–159.
• DRUCKER, Peter F., (2002). “They’re not employees, They’re People”, Harvard Business Review, vol:80, no: 2, ss.70-77.
• EDMONDSON, A. C., (2003). Speaking up in the operating room: how team leaders promote learning in interdisciplinary action teams. Journal of Management Studies, 40(6): 1419-1452.
• EDMONDSON, A. C., BOHMER, R. M. & PISANO, G. P., (2001). Disrupted routines: Team learning and new technology implementation in hospitals. Administrative Science Quarterly: 685-716.
• FRANCESCHINI, F., GALETTO, M., (2002). “Asymptotic Defectiveness of Manufacturing Plants: An Estimate Based on Process Learning.” International Journal of Production Research, vol. 40(3) pp. 537–545.
• GARVIN, David, (1993). “Building a Learning Organization”, Harvard Business Review, July-August, ss.80-89.
• HARTLEY, K., (1965). “The Learning Curve and Its Application to the Aircraft Industry.” The Journal of Industrial Economics, vol. 13(2), pp. 122–128.
• HYATT, D. E. & RUDDY, T. M., (1997). “An examination of the relationship between work group characteristics and performance: Once more into the breech”. Personnel Psychology, 50(3): 553-585.
• KARAOZ, M., ALBENI, M., (2005). “Dynamic Technological Learning Trends in Turkish Manufacturing Industries.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 72(7) pp. 866–885.
• KNECHT, G. R., (1974). “Costing Technological Growth and Generalized Learning Curves.” Operations Research Quarterly, vol. 25(3) pp. 487–491.
• KNOWLES, Malcolm Shepherd (1998). The Adult Learner: The Definitive Classic in Adult Education and Human Resource Development, 5th Edition, Gulf Professional Publishing, Houston, USA.
• KOÇEL, Tamer, (2011). İşletme Yöneticiliği, Beta Basım, 13. Baskı, İstanbul.
• LEVY, F. K., (1965). “Adaptation in the Production Process.” Management Science, vol.11 pp. 136–154.
• LIEBERMAN, M. B., (1984). “The Learning Curve and Pricing in the Chemical Processing Industries.” The RAND Journal of Economics, vol. 15(2), pp. 213–228.
• MARQUARDT, J. M., (1996). Building the Learning Organization: A Systems Approach to Quantum Improvement and Global Success. Mcgaw Hill, New York.
• McCALL JOHN R., (1994). The principal's edge, Eye on Education, New York, USA, s.143
• McGILL, M. SLOCUM, J. LEI, D., (1992). “Management Practices in Learning Organizations’’. Organizational Dynamics, 21 (1).
• McGILL, M. SLOCUM, J., (1993). “Unlearning the Organization’’. Organizational Dynamics, Fall, 67-74.
• NAKTİYOK, S., İŞCAN, O.F., (2014). Çalışanların Örgüte Olan Bağlılıklarında Bir Öncül Olarak Örgütsel Öğrenmenin Rolü, Kafkas Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 5,7.
• PELLED, L. H., EISENHARDT, K. M. & XIN, K. R., (1999). Exploring the black box: An analysis of work group diversity, conflict, and performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(1): 1-3.
• PISANO, G. P., BOHMER, R. M. J. & EDMONDSON, A. C., (2001). Organizational Differences in Rates of Learning: Evidence from the Adoption of Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery. Management Science, 47(6): 752-768.
• PRAMONGKIT, P., SHAWYUN, T., SIRINAOVAKUL, B., (2002). “Productivity Growth and Learning Potentials of Thai Industry.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 69(1), pp. 89–101.
• SALVATORE, D., (2003). Microeconomics: Theory and Applications. New York, New York: Oxford University Press.
• SCHUMAN, Sandy, (2005). The IAF handbook of group facilitation: best practices from the leading organization in facilitation, John Wiley and Sons, San Francisco, USA, s.70.
• SCHWARTZ, Barry ve REISBERG, Daniel (1991). Learning and Memory, W. W. Norton & Company, Scranton, Pennsylvania, U.S.A, ss.2-20.
• SENGE, Peter M., (2006). Beşinci Disiplin: Öğrenen Organizasyon Düşünüşü ve Uygulaması, (Çev: Ayşegül İldeniz ve Ahmet Doğukan), 13. Baskı, Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık Ticaret ve Sanayi A.Ş., İstanbul, Ocak.
• SENGE, P. M., (2000). Beşinci Disiplin: Öğrenen Organizasyon Düşünüşü ve Uygulaması. (Çev. Aysegül İldeniz-Ahmet Doğukan). İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
• SHELTON, M., (2003). Managing your integration manager. McKinsey Quarterly.
• SINCLAIR, G., KLEPPER, S., COHEN, W., (2000). “What’s Experience Got to Do with it? Sources of Cost Reduction in a Large Specialty Chemicals Producer.” Management Science, vol. 46(1), pp. 28–45.
• SOLOMON, Charlene M., (1994). HR Facilitiates the Learning Organization Concept, Personel Journal, November, 59.
• STAN, M., (2013) Aiding Organizational Learning: The Case of Integrators in Fertility Care. (GSTF Conference Proceedings on EMG & Bizstrategy 2013 ). Global Science and Technology Forum (GSTF)
• TAN, W., ELIAS, Y., (2000). “Learning by Doing in Singapore Construction.” Journal of Construction Research, vol. 1(2), pp. 151–158.
• TİMUROĞLU M. K., NAKTİYOK A., KULA M.E., (2016). Strategic Thought and Learning Orientation, South Asian Journal of Management, 23-4, ss.7-30.
• OTOMOTİV SANAYİİ DERNEĞİ, OSD Üyeleri, Erişim tarihi: 21.11.2019, http://www.osd.org.tr/osd-uyeleri/
• WILLIAM, Crandall, (2010). Crisis Management in the New Strategy Landscape, SAGE Publications, California, USA, , s.180.
• WRIGHT, T. P., (1936). “Factors Affecting the Cost of Airplanes.” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences, vol. 3, pp. 122–128.
• YAZICI, S., (2001). Öğrenen Organizasyonlar. İstanbul: Alfa Yayınları.
• YELLE, L. E., (1979). “The Learning Curve: Historical Review and Comprehensive Survey.” Decision Science, vol. 10(2), pp. 302–328.
• YILDIRIM, F., (2018). “The Mediator Role of Employee Empowerment on the Effect of Organizational Learning on Innovation”, Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Social Sciences 5 (2), October pp. 18-38.