BİR ULUSLARARASI İNSANCIL HUKUK KRİZİ: 7 EKİM SONRASI GAZZE’DEKİ SİSTEMATİK İHLALLERİN ANATOMİSİ

Öz

İsrail-Filistin sorununun 7 Ekim 2023’te girdiği yeni evrenin devamında gerçekleşen çatışmalar ile Gazze’deki sivil halkın maruz kaldığı insan hakkı ihlalleri uluslararası insancıl hukukun ilke ve normlarını, derin tarihsel kökleri bulunan İsrail-Filistin sorunun en önemli boyutlarından biri haline getirmiş durumdadır. Bu çalışmada 7 Ekim sonrası İsrail’in Gazze’de gerçekleştirdiği askeri operasyonların ve paralel uygulamaların, uluslararası insancıl hukuk çerçevesinde ne tür ihlaller içerdiği incelenmektedir. Gazze’deki abluka, zorla yerinden etme sağlık tesislerine yönelik saldırılar ve insani yardımın engellenmesi gibi vakalar, orantılılık, ayrım gözetme, askeri zorunluluk ve gereksiz acıların önlenmesi ilkeleri temelinde değerlendirilmiştir. Nitel bir içerik analizi yöntemiyle yürütülen bu araştırma, büyük ölçüde Birleşmiş Milletler belgeleri, uluslararası insan hakları örgütlerinin raporları ve uluslararası hukuk kaynaklarına dayanmaktadır. Kullanılan kaynakların sınırlılıkları (erişim kısıtları, doğrulanabilirlik sorunları, olası taraflılık gibi) dikkate alınarak yapılan analizde, insancıl hukuk ve insan hakları hukukunun kesişiminde yer alan ihlaller bütünsel bir çerçevede ele alınmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, İsrail’in Gazze’deki faaliyetlerinin büyük ölçüde uluslararası insancıl hukuka aykırı olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Sivil yerleşim alanlarına yönelik doğrudan saldırılar, sağlık hizmetlerine erişimin engellenmesi, toplu cezalandırmaya dönüşen abluka uygulamaları ve keyfi gözaltı gibi uygulamalar bu ihlallerin başlıca örnekleridir. Bu bağlamda çalışma, Gazze’deki insancıl hukuk ihlallerinin, İsrail-Filistin sorununun en yakıcı ve acil boyutlarından birini oluşturduğunu ortaya koymakta; uluslararası toplumun daha güçlü hesap verebilirlik mekanizmaları geliştirmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İsrail-Filistin Sorunu
• Uluslararası İnsancıl Hukuk
• Sivillerin Korunması
• İnsan Hakları
• Gazze

AN INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW CRISIS: ANATOMY OF SYSTEMATIC VIOLATIONS IN GAZA AFTER OCTOBER 7

Öz

The human rights violations faced by the civilian population in Gaza following the new phase of the Israel-Palestine conflict that began on 7 October 2023 have made the principles and norms of international humanitarian law one of the most critical dimensions of this deeply rooted dispute. This study examines the nature and scope of international humanitarian law violations committed by Israel during its military operations and related actions in Gaza after 7 October. It focuses on practices such as the blockade, forced displacement, attacks on healthcare infrastructure, and obstruction of humanitarian aid, assessing their compliance with the principles of proportionality, distinction, military necessity, and the prohibition of unnecessary suffering. Employing a qualitative content analysis approach, the study draws primarily on United Nations documents, reports from international human rights organizations, and legal sources. Aware of the methodological limitations of these sources – including issues of verifiability, accessibility, and potential bias – the analysis integrates violations at the intersection of humanitarian and human rights law into a comprehensive legal framework. The findings indicate that Israel’s actions in Gaza constitute significant violations of international humanitarian law. Direct attacks on civilian areas, restrictions on Access to medical care, the punitive nature of the blockade, and arbitrary detentions are among the key examples. The study concludes that these violations form one of the most urgent and critical aspects of the Israel-Palestine conflict and underscore the need for more robust international accountability mechanisms.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Israel-Palestine Conflict
• International Humanitarian Law
• Civilian Protection
• Human Rights
• Gaza

Kaynakça

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