BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Hesapverebilirlik Bağlamında Kolluğun Sivil Denetimi: Sivil Gözetim Kurulları

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 33, 35 - 65, 01.06.2015

Öz

Kolluk teşkilatlarında hukuka aykırı iş ve işlemlerde bulunulması veya yetkinin kötüye kullanılması gibi durumlarda konunun araştırıp düzeltilmesini, gerektiğinde ihlal davranışı sergileyen kolluk personelinin cezalandırılmasını düzenleyen mevzuat ve birimler bulunmaktadır. Kolluk teşkilatlarının denetiminde iç disiplin birimleri yoluyla idari soruşturmalar, adli birimler yoluyla da dış soruşturmalar yürütülmektedir. Medyanın denetimi ise dolaylı olarak kolluk faaliyetlerini etkilemektedir. Bu mekanizmaların dışında demokrasinin bir gereği olarak ‘kolluğun denetimine vatandaşın doğrudan katılımını esas alan’ ve ‘sivil gözetim kurulları’ olarak adlandırılan mekanizmalar bulunmaktadır. Bağımsız ve tarafsız bir sivil gözetim kurulunun, kolluk teşkilatlarının görevleri ile ilgili sınırları korumada daha hassasiyetle hareket etmesine katkı sağlayabileceği ve bir erken uyarı sistemi rolü oynayabileceği değerlendirilmektedir. Bu makalede konu ile ilgili mevcut literatüre ilave olarak diğer ülkelerde yapılandırılan sivil gözetim kurulları ile ilgili tecrübeler de gözden geçirilerek, bu tür bir sivil gözetim kurulunun ülkemizde uygulanabilirliği tartışılacaktır

Kaynakça

  • Abbott, David W.- Gold Louis H.(1968), Police, Politics, and Race - the New York City Referendum on Civilian Review, Harvard University Press
  • American Civil Liberties Union (1991), “Both Federal and Local Reforms are Needed to Stop Police Brutality” in William Dudley (ed.) Police Brutality. San Diego, CA:Greenhaven Press, Inc., s.130-139.
  • Archbold, Carol A. (2004), Police Accountability, Risk Management, and Legal Advi- sing, Environmental Crime A Sourcebook, LFB Scholarly Publishing, New York
  • Bailey, William G. (1995), The Encyclopedia of Police Science, Taylor & Francis Pub- lishing
  • Barton, Peter G. (1970), “Civilian Review Boards and the Handling of Complaints aga- inst the Police”, The University of Toronto Law Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4. S. 448-469.
  • _(1985), Patterns of Policing: A Comparative International Analysis. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.
  • Bittner, Egon (1970), The Functions of Police in Modern Society. Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office
  • Brown, David (1987), The Police Complaints Procedure: A Survey of Complainants Views. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
  • Cao,Liqun- Huang, Bu (2000), Determinants of citizen complaints against police abuse of power, Journal of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University Press, Brunswick, N.J.: vol.28 s.203–213
  • Caldero, Michael. A.- Crank, John. P. (2010), Police Ethics: The Corruption of Noble Cause, Anderson Publishing, USA
  • Chen, Mary M. (1996), Are lawsuits an answer to police brutality? In W. A. Geller & H. Toch (Eds.), Police Violence: Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force, s. 247–272, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Chevigny, Paul B. (1969), Police Power: Police Abuses in New York City. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Cohen, Howard. S.- Feldberg, Michael (1991), Power and Restraint: The Moral Dimen- sion of Police Work, Praeger Publishing, USA
  • Crank, John (1998), Understanding police culture. Anderson Publishing: Cincinatti
  • De Guzman, Melchor C. (2001), Integrity, legitimacy, efficiency, and impact: do all the- se matter in the civilian review of the police? Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Univer- sity of Cincinnati
  • Eroğul, Cem (2008), Çağdaş Devlet Düzenleri, 6. Baskı, İmaj Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Fındıklı, R. (1993). İngiliz Polis Teşkilatı / Personel Yönetimi Açısından, Akit Yayıncı- lık
  • Goldsmith, Andrew J. (1991), External Review and Self-Regulation: Police Accounta- bility and theDialectic of Complaint Procedures in Goldsmith (ed.) Complaints Aga- inst the Police: Trends to External Review, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 13-62.
  • Goldstein, Herman (1977), Policing a Free Society. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publis- hing Co.
  • Hall, Stuart- Critcher, Chas- Jefferson, Thomas- Clarke, Philippa J.- Roberts, Ben (1981), The social production of news: Mugging in the media. S. Cohen & J. Young (Eds.), The manufacture of news: Social problems, deviance and the mass media. California: Sage.
  • Halpern, Stephen C. (1974), Police Employee Organizations and Accountability Proce- dures in Three Cities: Some Reflections on Police Policy-Making. Law and Society Review, 8(4),s.561-582.
  • Inglis, Geoff (2008), Confidence in the police complaints system: Independent Police Complaints, IPCC Yayınları
  • Kelling, George L.- Wasserman, Robert - Williams, Hubert (1988), Police Accountabi- lity and Community Policing. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
  • Klockars, Carl (1985), The Idea of Police, Sage Publications, Delaware,USA
  • _(1996), A theory of excessive force and its control. W. Geller & H. Toch (Eds.), Police violence: Understanding and controlling police abuse of force. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Knoohuizen, Ralph (1973), Chicago Police Board. Chicago, IL: Chicago Law Enfor- cement Study Group.
  • Koçöz, Remzi (2009), “Bağımsız Kolluk Şikâyet Mekanizması”, Çağın Polisi Dergisi, sayı:88
  • LaGrange, Randy L. (1993), Policing American Society. Nelson Hall Publishing: Chi- cago, IL
  • Landau, Tammy (1994), Public Complaints Against the Police: A View from Complai- nants. Toronto, Canada: Centre of Criminology University of Toronto.
  • Langworthy, Robert H.- Lawrence Travis III (1994), Policing in America: A Balance of Forces. Cincinnati, OH: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Lawrence, Regina G. (2000), The Politics of Force Media and the Construction of Poli- ce Brutality, University Of California Press
  • Lenzi, Margaret A. (1974), “Reviewing Civilian Complaints of Police Misconduct: So- me Answers and More Questions”. Temple Law Quarterly, 48 (1): 89-125.
  • Lynch, Ronald G. (1995), The Police Manager (4th ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing.
  • Maloney, Arthur (1975), The Metropolitan Toronto Review of Citizen-Police Complaint Procedures. Report to the Metropolitan Toronto Board of Commissioners of Police.
  • Manning, Peter K. - John, Van Maanen (1978), Policing: A View from the Street. Santa
  • Maguire, Mike- Clive, Norris (1992), The Conduct and Supervision of Criminal Investi- gations. London: HMSO.
  • Marin, Rene (1976), Report of the Commission of Inquiry Relating to Public Compla- ints, Internal Discipline and Grievance Procedure Within the Royal Canadian Mo- unted Police. Ottawa: Information Canada.
  • Marino, Frank J. (1998), Risk report. Intergovernmental Risk Management Agency. Fairfax, VA: Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies.
  • Marshall, Thomas H. (1949), Citizenship and Social Class, Cambridge University Press, UK.
  • Miller, Larry-Braswell Michael (2010), Human Relations & Police Work, Waveland Press,USA
  • Montana, Richard (1992), Survey of Civilian Complaint Systems. NY: New York City Police Department.
  • Muir, William K. (1977), Police: Streetcorner Politicians. Chicago: University of Chi- cago Press.
  • Neiderhoffer, Arthur (1969), Behind the Shield: The Police in Urban Society. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books.
  • Özay, İl Han (1985), İdari Yaptırımlar, İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul
  • Pate, Anthony M.- Fridell, Lorie E. (1993), Police Use of Force: Official Reports, Citi- zen Complaints, and Legal Consequences. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.
  • Perez, Douglas (1978), Police Accountability: A Question of Balance. PhD. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
  • _(1992), “Police Review Systems.” MIS Report, 24(8) August. ICMA.
  • Radin, Beryl (2006), Challenging the Performance Movement_ Accountability, Comp- lexity, And Democratic Values, Public Management and Change Series, Georgetown University Press, Washington DC, USA
  • Reiman, Jeffrey (1985), The social contract and the police use of deadly force. Frede- rick A. Ellison & Michael Feldberg (Eds.),Moral Issues In Police Work. Savage, MD: Rowman &Littlefield Publishers.
  • _(2000), The Politics of the Police (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Reiss, Albert (1971), The Police and the Public. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Robinson, Renault A. (1976), Chicago Police Department: An Agenda for Chan- ge.Washington D.C.: LEAA, U.S. Department of Justice.
  • Rodgers, William H. (1970), Disciplining the Officer: Model Order for Police Depart- ments.Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice LEAA National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice.
  • Schedler, Andreas (1999), Conceptualizing Accountability. Schedler, Andreas- Dia- mond, Larry- Plattner, Mark. (eds) The Self-restraining State: Power and accounta- bility in New Democracies. Colorado, Lynne Rienner.
  • Selznick,Philip - Nonet, Philippe - Vollmer, Howard. M. (1969), Law, Society, and In- dustrial Justice, Russell Sage Foundation Yayınları
  • Sherman, Lawrence W. (1978), Scandal and Reform: Controlling Police Corruption. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • _(1992), Policing Domestic Violence. New York: Free Press.
  • Skolnick, Jerome H. (1966), Justice Without Trial. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Skolnick, Jerome H.- Fyfe, James J. (1993), Above the Law: Police and the Excessive Use of Force. New York: The Free Press.
  • Snow, Robert (1992), “Civilian Oversight: Plus or Minus”, Law and Order, 40 (12) De- cember:51-56.
  • Stenning, Philip C. (1981), Police Commissions and Boards in Canada. Toronto: Uni- versity of Toronto Centre of Criminology.
  • Swanson, Charles R. - Territo, Leonard J.-Taylor, Robert W. (1993), Police Administra- tion: Structure, Processes, and Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Terrill, Richard J. (1982), “Complaint Procedures: Variations on the Theme of Civilian Participation”, Journal of Police Science and Administration, 10 (4),s.398-407.
  • _(1980), “Complaint Procedures Against the Police: The Movement for Change in Eng- land, Canada, and Australia”. Police Studies, 3 (2),s.37-46.
  • Tyler, Tim R. (2004), “Enhancing Police Legitimacy.” Annals of the American Aca- demy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 593, To Better Serve and Protect: Impro- ving Police Practices, s. 84-99
  • U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (1981), Who is Guarding the Guardians? A Report on Police Practices. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Vanagunas, Stanley (1974), “Towards Checks and Balances of Police Authority.” Marquette Law Review, (57), s.505-514.
  • Vogt, Robert C. (1985), “Police Liability Suits.” In Natalie Wasserman and Dean G. Phelus (eds.) Risk management today: A how-to guide for local government. Was- hington, D.C.: Public Risk and Insurance Management Association and International City Management Association.
  • Waddington, Patricias J. (1999), Police (canteen) sub-culture: An appreciation. British Journal of Criminology, 39(2), s.287–308.
  • Wagner, Allen E.- Decker, Scott H. (1993), “Evaluating citizen complaints against the poliçe.” Dunham, Roger. G. – Alpert, Geoffrey P. (Eds.), Critical Issues in Policing, s. 275–29, Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
  • Walker, Samuel (1998), “Achieving Police Accountability,” Research Brief, Occasional Paper Series No.3. NY: Center on Crime Communities and Culture.
  • Walker, Samuel-Bumphus Vic W. (1991), Civilian Review of the Police: A National Survey of the 50 Largest Cities, 1991. Omaha: Center for Public Affairs Research.
  • Watt, Susan (1991), “The Future of Civilian Oversight of Policing.” Canadian Journal of Criminology, 33(3-4), s. 347-362.
  • West, Paul (1988), “Investigation Of Complaints Against Police: Summary Report Of A National Survey.” American Journal of Police v.7,s.101–121.
  • Wilson, James Q. (1963), The Police and Their Problems: A Theory. Public Policy (12), s.189-216.
  • Winters, Robert (2005), The Right to a Trial By Jury (The Bill of Rights), Greenhaven Publishing, MI, USA
  • Worrall, John L. (1998), “Administrative determinants of civil liability lawsuits against municipal police departments: An exploratory analysis.” Crime and Delinquency (44),s.295-314.
  • Yavuzdoğan, Seçkin. (2010). İngiltere’de Bağımsız Kolluk Şikayet Sistemi ve Türki- ye’de Uygulanabilirliği, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi cilt: 12, özel s., s.1231-1256 (basım yılı: 2012)
  • Yavuzdoğan, Seçkin, Akın, Havva Ş. (2015). Kolluğun Sivil Gözetimi, Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi
  • (TAAD), Yıl:6, Sayı:20 (Ocak 2015)
  • http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/04/california-police-body-cameras-cuts- violence-complaints-rialto
  • http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/www/groups/public/@clerk/documents/webcontent/w cms1p-098080.pdf
  • http://www.nyc.gov/html/ccrb/downloads/pdf/ccrb_rules.pdf
  • http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/dilekce/mevzuat.htm
  • http://www.bimer.gov.tr/Forms/Docs/20063.pdf
  • http://www.ombudsman.gov.tr/
  • http://www.tihk.gov.tr/tr/mevzuat.

Civilian Review of Law Enforcement Officers in the Context of Accountability: Civilian Review Boards

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 33, 35 - 65, 01.06.2015

Öz

As a government agency, law enforcement officers are subject to control by the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. The powers and mandates of the police are laid down by the legislature, the performance of the police function is supervised and controlled by the executive branch in matters involving personnel and police operations, and the courts serve as body that checks the police with their observance of substantive laws and legal procedures. In some countries, there is one additional control agency that police are exclusively accountable to, civilian review boards. Despite the abundance of checks, civilian review boards are advocated by the public and police scholars, both as an essential agency for considering citizen complaints, and as a control mechanism for police misconduct. The purpose of this article is to review the structure of and views on civilian review boards and to question if such a similar agency can be structured in Turkey

Kaynakça

  • Abbott, David W.- Gold Louis H.(1968), Police, Politics, and Race - the New York City Referendum on Civilian Review, Harvard University Press
  • American Civil Liberties Union (1991), “Both Federal and Local Reforms are Needed to Stop Police Brutality” in William Dudley (ed.) Police Brutality. San Diego, CA:Greenhaven Press, Inc., s.130-139.
  • Archbold, Carol A. (2004), Police Accountability, Risk Management, and Legal Advi- sing, Environmental Crime A Sourcebook, LFB Scholarly Publishing, New York
  • Bailey, William G. (1995), The Encyclopedia of Police Science, Taylor & Francis Pub- lishing
  • Barton, Peter G. (1970), “Civilian Review Boards and the Handling of Complaints aga- inst the Police”, The University of Toronto Law Journal, Vol. 20, No. 4. S. 448-469.
  • _(1985), Patterns of Policing: A Comparative International Analysis. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press.
  • Bittner, Egon (1970), The Functions of Police in Modern Society. Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office
  • Brown, David (1987), The Police Complaints Procedure: A Survey of Complainants Views. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
  • Cao,Liqun- Huang, Bu (2000), Determinants of citizen complaints against police abuse of power, Journal of Criminal Justice, Rutgers University Press, Brunswick, N.J.: vol.28 s.203–213
  • Caldero, Michael. A.- Crank, John. P. (2010), Police Ethics: The Corruption of Noble Cause, Anderson Publishing, USA
  • Chen, Mary M. (1996), Are lawsuits an answer to police brutality? In W. A. Geller & H. Toch (Eds.), Police Violence: Understanding and Controlling Police Abuse of Force, s. 247–272, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Chevigny, Paul B. (1969), Police Power: Police Abuses in New York City. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Cohen, Howard. S.- Feldberg, Michael (1991), Power and Restraint: The Moral Dimen- sion of Police Work, Praeger Publishing, USA
  • Crank, John (1998), Understanding police culture. Anderson Publishing: Cincinatti
  • De Guzman, Melchor C. (2001), Integrity, legitimacy, efficiency, and impact: do all the- se matter in the civilian review of the police? Unpublished Doctoral Thesis, Univer- sity of Cincinnati
  • Eroğul, Cem (2008), Çağdaş Devlet Düzenleri, 6. Baskı, İmaj Yayınevi, Ankara.
  • Fındıklı, R. (1993). İngiliz Polis Teşkilatı / Personel Yönetimi Açısından, Akit Yayıncı- lık
  • Goldsmith, Andrew J. (1991), External Review and Self-Regulation: Police Accounta- bility and theDialectic of Complaint Procedures in Goldsmith (ed.) Complaints Aga- inst the Police: Trends to External Review, New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 13-62.
  • Goldstein, Herman (1977), Policing a Free Society. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publis- hing Co.
  • Hall, Stuart- Critcher, Chas- Jefferson, Thomas- Clarke, Philippa J.- Roberts, Ben (1981), The social production of news: Mugging in the media. S. Cohen & J. Young (Eds.), The manufacture of news: Social problems, deviance and the mass media. California: Sage.
  • Halpern, Stephen C. (1974), Police Employee Organizations and Accountability Proce- dures in Three Cities: Some Reflections on Police Policy-Making. Law and Society Review, 8(4),s.561-582.
  • Inglis, Geoff (2008), Confidence in the police complaints system: Independent Police Complaints, IPCC Yayınları
  • Kelling, George L.- Wasserman, Robert - Williams, Hubert (1988), Police Accountabi- lity and Community Policing. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice.
  • Klockars, Carl (1985), The Idea of Police, Sage Publications, Delaware,USA
  • _(1996), A theory of excessive force and its control. W. Geller & H. Toch (Eds.), Police violence: Understanding and controlling police abuse of force. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Knoohuizen, Ralph (1973), Chicago Police Board. Chicago, IL: Chicago Law Enfor- cement Study Group.
  • Koçöz, Remzi (2009), “Bağımsız Kolluk Şikâyet Mekanizması”, Çağın Polisi Dergisi, sayı:88
  • LaGrange, Randy L. (1993), Policing American Society. Nelson Hall Publishing: Chi- cago, IL
  • Landau, Tammy (1994), Public Complaints Against the Police: A View from Complai- nants. Toronto, Canada: Centre of Criminology University of Toronto.
  • Langworthy, Robert H.- Lawrence Travis III (1994), Policing in America: A Balance of Forces. Cincinnati, OH: Macmillan Publishing Company.
  • Lawrence, Regina G. (2000), The Politics of Force Media and the Construction of Poli- ce Brutality, University Of California Press
  • Lenzi, Margaret A. (1974), “Reviewing Civilian Complaints of Police Misconduct: So- me Answers and More Questions”. Temple Law Quarterly, 48 (1): 89-125.
  • Lynch, Ronald G. (1995), The Police Manager (4th ed.). Cincinnati, OH: Anderson Publishing.
  • Maloney, Arthur (1975), The Metropolitan Toronto Review of Citizen-Police Complaint Procedures. Report to the Metropolitan Toronto Board of Commissioners of Police.
  • Manning, Peter K. - John, Van Maanen (1978), Policing: A View from the Street. Santa
  • Maguire, Mike- Clive, Norris (1992), The Conduct and Supervision of Criminal Investi- gations. London: HMSO.
  • Marin, Rene (1976), Report of the Commission of Inquiry Relating to Public Compla- ints, Internal Discipline and Grievance Procedure Within the Royal Canadian Mo- unted Police. Ottawa: Information Canada.
  • Marino, Frank J. (1998), Risk report. Intergovernmental Risk Management Agency. Fairfax, VA: Commission on Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies.
  • Marshall, Thomas H. (1949), Citizenship and Social Class, Cambridge University Press, UK.
  • Miller, Larry-Braswell Michael (2010), Human Relations & Police Work, Waveland Press,USA
  • Montana, Richard (1992), Survey of Civilian Complaint Systems. NY: New York City Police Department.
  • Muir, William K. (1977), Police: Streetcorner Politicians. Chicago: University of Chi- cago Press.
  • Neiderhoffer, Arthur (1969), Behind the Shield: The Police in Urban Society. Garden City, NY: Anchor Books.
  • Özay, İl Han (1985), İdari Yaptırımlar, İstanbul Üniversitesi Yayınları, İstanbul
  • Pate, Anthony M.- Fridell, Lorie E. (1993), Police Use of Force: Official Reports, Citi- zen Complaints, and Legal Consequences. Washington, DC: Police Foundation.
  • Perez, Douglas (1978), Police Accountability: A Question of Balance. PhD. dissertation, University of California, Berkeley.
  • _(1992), “Police Review Systems.” MIS Report, 24(8) August. ICMA.
  • Radin, Beryl (2006), Challenging the Performance Movement_ Accountability, Comp- lexity, And Democratic Values, Public Management and Change Series, Georgetown University Press, Washington DC, USA
  • Reiman, Jeffrey (1985), The social contract and the police use of deadly force. Frede- rick A. Ellison & Michael Feldberg (Eds.),Moral Issues In Police Work. Savage, MD: Rowman &Littlefield Publishers.
  • _(2000), The Politics of the Police (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Reiss, Albert (1971), The Police and the Public. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
  • Robinson, Renault A. (1976), Chicago Police Department: An Agenda for Chan- ge.Washington D.C.: LEAA, U.S. Department of Justice.
  • Rodgers, William H. (1970), Disciplining the Officer: Model Order for Police Depart- ments.Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice LEAA National Institute of Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice.
  • Schedler, Andreas (1999), Conceptualizing Accountability. Schedler, Andreas- Dia- mond, Larry- Plattner, Mark. (eds) The Self-restraining State: Power and accounta- bility in New Democracies. Colorado, Lynne Rienner.
  • Selznick,Philip - Nonet, Philippe - Vollmer, Howard. M. (1969), Law, Society, and In- dustrial Justice, Russell Sage Foundation Yayınları
  • Sherman, Lawrence W. (1978), Scandal and Reform: Controlling Police Corruption. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
  • _(1992), Policing Domestic Violence. New York: Free Press.
  • Skolnick, Jerome H. (1966), Justice Without Trial. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Skolnick, Jerome H.- Fyfe, James J. (1993), Above the Law: Police and the Excessive Use of Force. New York: The Free Press.
  • Snow, Robert (1992), “Civilian Oversight: Plus or Minus”, Law and Order, 40 (12) De- cember:51-56.
  • Stenning, Philip C. (1981), Police Commissions and Boards in Canada. Toronto: Uni- versity of Toronto Centre of Criminology.
  • Swanson, Charles R. - Territo, Leonard J.-Taylor, Robert W. (1993), Police Administra- tion: Structure, Processes, and Behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
  • Terrill, Richard J. (1982), “Complaint Procedures: Variations on the Theme of Civilian Participation”, Journal of Police Science and Administration, 10 (4),s.398-407.
  • _(1980), “Complaint Procedures Against the Police: The Movement for Change in Eng- land, Canada, and Australia”. Police Studies, 3 (2),s.37-46.
  • Tyler, Tim R. (2004), “Enhancing Police Legitimacy.” Annals of the American Aca- demy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 593, To Better Serve and Protect: Impro- ving Police Practices, s. 84-99
  • U.S. Commission on Civil Rights (1981), Who is Guarding the Guardians? A Report on Police Practices. Washington DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Vanagunas, Stanley (1974), “Towards Checks and Balances of Police Authority.” Marquette Law Review, (57), s.505-514.
  • Vogt, Robert C. (1985), “Police Liability Suits.” In Natalie Wasserman and Dean G. Phelus (eds.) Risk management today: A how-to guide for local government. Was- hington, D.C.: Public Risk and Insurance Management Association and International City Management Association.
  • Waddington, Patricias J. (1999), Police (canteen) sub-culture: An appreciation. British Journal of Criminology, 39(2), s.287–308.
  • Wagner, Allen E.- Decker, Scott H. (1993), “Evaluating citizen complaints against the poliçe.” Dunham, Roger. G. – Alpert, Geoffrey P. (Eds.), Critical Issues in Policing, s. 275–29, Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.
  • Walker, Samuel (1998), “Achieving Police Accountability,” Research Brief, Occasional Paper Series No.3. NY: Center on Crime Communities and Culture.
  • Walker, Samuel-Bumphus Vic W. (1991), Civilian Review of the Police: A National Survey of the 50 Largest Cities, 1991. Omaha: Center for Public Affairs Research.
  • Watt, Susan (1991), “The Future of Civilian Oversight of Policing.” Canadian Journal of Criminology, 33(3-4), s. 347-362.
  • West, Paul (1988), “Investigation Of Complaints Against Police: Summary Report Of A National Survey.” American Journal of Police v.7,s.101–121.
  • Wilson, James Q. (1963), The Police and Their Problems: A Theory. Public Policy (12), s.189-216.
  • Winters, Robert (2005), The Right to a Trial By Jury (The Bill of Rights), Greenhaven Publishing, MI, USA
  • Worrall, John L. (1998), “Administrative determinants of civil liability lawsuits against municipal police departments: An exploratory analysis.” Crime and Delinquency (44),s.295-314.
  • Yavuzdoğan, Seçkin. (2010). İngiltere’de Bağımsız Kolluk Şikayet Sistemi ve Türki- ye’de Uygulanabilirliği, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi cilt: 12, özel s., s.1231-1256 (basım yılı: 2012)
  • Yavuzdoğan, Seçkin, Akın, Havva Ş. (2015). Kolluğun Sivil Gözetimi, Türkiye Adalet Akademisi Dergisi
  • (TAAD), Yıl:6, Sayı:20 (Ocak 2015)
  • http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/04/california-police-body-cameras-cuts- violence-complaints-rialto
  • http://www.ci.minneapolis.mn.us/www/groups/public/@clerk/documents/webcontent/w cms1p-098080.pdf
  • http://www.nyc.gov/html/ccrb/downloads/pdf/ccrb_rules.pdf
  • http://www.tbmm.gov.tr/komisyon/dilekce/mevzuat.htm
  • http://www.bimer.gov.tr/Forms/Docs/20063.pdf
  • http://www.ombudsman.gov.tr/
  • http://www.tihk.gov.tr/tr/mevzuat.
Toplam 87 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Serkan Altuntop Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 33

Kaynak Göster

APA Altuntop, S. (2015). Hesapverebilirlik Bağlamında Kolluğun Sivil Denetimi: Sivil Gözetim Kurulları. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı, 33, 35-65.
AMA Altuntop S. Hesapverebilirlik Bağlamında Kolluğun Sivil Denetimi: Sivil Gözetim Kurulları. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı. Haziran 2015;33:35-65.
Chicago Altuntop, Serkan. “Hesapverebilirlik Bağlamında Kolluğun Sivil Denetimi: Sivil Gözetim Kurulları”. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı 33, Haziran (Haziran 2015): 35-65.
EndNote Altuntop S (01 Haziran 2015) Hesapverebilirlik Bağlamında Kolluğun Sivil Denetimi: Sivil Gözetim Kurulları. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı 33 35–65.
IEEE S. Altuntop, “Hesapverebilirlik Bağlamında Kolluğun Sivil Denetimi: Sivil Gözetim Kurulları”, İnsan Hakları Yıllığı, c. 33, ss. 35–65, 2015.
ISNAD Altuntop, Serkan. “Hesapverebilirlik Bağlamında Kolluğun Sivil Denetimi: Sivil Gözetim Kurulları”. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı 33 (Haziran 2015), 35-65.
JAMA Altuntop S. Hesapverebilirlik Bağlamında Kolluğun Sivil Denetimi: Sivil Gözetim Kurulları. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı. 2015;33:35–65.
MLA Altuntop, Serkan. “Hesapverebilirlik Bağlamında Kolluğun Sivil Denetimi: Sivil Gözetim Kurulları”. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı, c. 33, 2015, ss. 35-65.
Vancouver Altuntop S. Hesapverebilirlik Bağlamında Kolluğun Sivil Denetimi: Sivil Gözetim Kurulları. İnsan Hakları Yıllığı. 2015;33:35-6.