Yemenli Âlim Emir es-San’ânî’nin el-Câmiu’s-Sagîr Şerhi Tenvîr

Öz

Süyûtî’nin (ö. 911/1505) el-Câmiu’s-sagîr isimli eseri, İslam dünyasında sıklıkla müracaat edilen hadis kaynaklarından biridir. Kısa hadislerin alfabetik olarak tanzim edildiği bu esere tarih boyunca pek çok şerh yazılmıştır. Bunlardan biri de Yemenli âlim Emir es-San’ani (ö. 1182/1768) tarafından yazılan et-Tenvîr Şerhu’l-camii’s-sagîr isimli şerhtir. Tenvîr, 11 ciltten oluşan, kapsamlı, sistematik, dil ve üslup açısından dikkat çekici bir eserdir. Müellifi Emîr es-San’ânî’nin son te’liflerinden biri olması hasebiyle, ilminin hülasası kabul edilebilir. Bu özelliklerinin yani sıra el-Câmiu’s-sagîr’in akla ilk gelen şerhlerinden Feyzü’l-kadîr’e eleştirileri, tashih ve ilaveleri ile de dikkat çekmektedir. “Yemenli Âlim Emir es-San’ânî’nin el-Câmiu’s-Sagîr Şerhi Tenvîr” isimli bu makalede Tenvîr genel özellikleri ile ele alındıktan sonra, hadisleri şerh ve tahlil yöntemi -örnekleme metodu ile- incelenmiştir. San’ânî’nin, el-Câmiu’s-sagîr musannifi Süyûtî ile Feyzü’l-kadîr müellifi Münâvî’ye ve diğer âlimlere tenkitleri örneklendirilmiş, sıhhat değerlendirmesi açısından mukayese edilmiştir. Tenvîr şerhinin diğer şerhler arasındaki yeri ve hadis ilmine katkıları tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• el-Câmiu’s-sagîr şerhi
• et-Tenvîr şerhu’l-Câmii’s-sagîr
• et-Tenvîr
• Emîr es-San’ânî
• Feyzü’l-kadîr

METHODOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF AL-TANWIR SHARH AL-JAMI’ AL-SAGHIR BY AUTHOR AL-AMIR AL-SAN’ANI

Abstract

Abstract The work of Imam al-Suyuti (d. 911/1505) titled al-Jami’ al-Saghir is one of the most widely used hadith sources in the Islamic world. Throughout history many commentaries have been written about this book that indexed hadiths alphabetically. One of these commentaries is the commentary entitled al-Tanwir Sharh al-Jami’ al-Saghir, written by the al-Amir of Yemen, al-San’ani (d. 1182/1768). al-Tanwir is a comprehensive, systematic, remarkable annotation in terms of language and style, consisting of 11 volumes. Since it is one of the last works of his author al-Amir al-San’ani, it is considered as the work that summarizes his knowledge. Besides these features, it also attracts attention with inclusion of his criticisms and his additions to al-Jami’ al-Saghir, one of the first commentaries written on Fayd al-Qadir Sharh al-Jami’ al-Saghir. Al-San’ani has a vast knowledge in the Arabic language. His work also has the explanatory style of commentaries. The commentator also enriches the style and expression with discussion, criticism, question and answer. All hadith introduced in Tanwir are taken from al-Jami’ al-Saghir identically and presented in the text, enabling the reader to comprehend the book easily. Specific terms are explained in the book when necessary. The commentator thus avoids repetition and makes sure his text flows smoothly. Commentary books are practical examples of how conflicts between hadiths are resolved. In his work al-San’ani aims to solve these conflicts by gathering all narrations. He makes use of the former ulama and points al-San’ani follows a very meticulous method in transfers and references in his work. He analyzes several copies of Al-Suyuti’s al-Jami’ al-Saghir, and also examines other works of the author. Additionally, he refers to different sources. Thus, Tanwir enables comparison between different works. In his book al-San’ani refers to his other works as well. Tanwir makes a good example of citation tradition among the ulama. Narrations coming from different Islamic scholars facilitate obtaining various interpretations about that hadith for the reader. In addition, the narratives contribute to the recognition of the Zeydî sect, which is widespread in Yemen, as well as the Ahl As-Sunnah scholars of hadith. Al-San'ani’s critics to these narratives are valuable for the hadith ulama. The hadith criticism method in Al-San'ani's Tanwir can be understood through examples. For instance, the hadith "اببلاب أمتي ربمب" (The conflict of my ummah is mercy) can be examined in this respect. Constructive criticism is essential for science and its contribution to scientific progress also plays a key role. In the development of Islamic sciences, the ulama's criticism of each other played an active role. Al-San'ani is one of the scholars who criticises science. He frequently criticizes Suyuti and Munawi in Tanwir. Many examples of these criticisms are presented in this article. One of the main points where Sanani criticizes Suyuti is his statements about the authenticity of the hadiths. He criticized Suyuti for including weak hadiths in his work. Sometimes he also criticizes the opinions of Munawi about the soundness of the hadiths. In this regard, San'ânî was – for the most part – more meticulous than either of them. Al-San'ani, who lived in a close period to Munawi (d. 1031/1622), wrote a commentary containing different information, although he benefited greatly from Munawi’s commentary. This very comprehensive work draws attention with its criticisms of both Suyuti and Munawi. This article titled “al-Jami’ al-Saghir Commentary of al-Tanwir of the Yemeni author, al-Amir al-San’ani, al-Tanwir studies its general properties, then analyzes hadiths through sampling and explanation methods. This article exemplifies Al-San’ani’s criticism to the musannif (author) of al-Jami’ al-Saghir Suyuti and the author of Fayd al-Qadr” Munawi and other scholars and then compares them in terms of strength assessment. This work also assesses annotation of Al-Tanwir among other annotations in hadith literature, and its contribution to hadith studies. It is clear that Tanwir is an important annotation among the annotations of al-Jami’ al-Saghir. KEY WORDS: al-Jami’ al-saghir annotation, al-Tanwir sharh al-Jami’ al-saghir, al-Tanwir, al-Amir al-San’ani, Fayd al-Qadr.

Keywords

• al-Jami’ al-saghir annotation
• al-Tanwir sharh al-Jami’ al-saghir
• al-Tanwir
• al-Amir al-San’ani
• Fayd al-Qadr

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