Farklı Gelir Grubundaki Ülkelerde Ekonomik Büyüme ve Çevre Kalitesinin Sağlık Harcamaları Üzerindeki Etkisi: Panel Veri Analizi
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 21 Sayı: 1, 48 - 75, 29.06.2019
Suzan Ergün
,
Melike Atay Polat
Öz
Bu çalışmada
çevresel kalite ve ekonomik büyümenin sağlık harcamaları üzerindeki etkisi 119
ülke için incelenmiştir. Kao panel eşbütünleşme testi
sonuçlarına göre, farklı gelir grubundaki ülkelerde sağlık harcamaları,
ekonomik büyüme, fosil enerji kaynakları tüketimi ile imalat sanayi ve inşaat
sektöründen kaynaklanan CO2 emisyonları arasında uzun dönemli
ilişkinin varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Panel ARDL yöntemi ile elde edilen uzun dönem tahmin
sonuçları farklı gelir grubundaki ülkelerde ekonomik büyümedeki artışın sağlık
harcamaları üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca,
üst-orta gelirli ülkeler ile düşük-orta gelirli ülkelerde fosil enerji
kaynaklarından kaynaklanan CO2 emisyonundaki artış sağlık
harcamaları üzerinde pozitif etkiye sahipken, yüksek gelirli ülkelerde ise
sanayi sektöründen kaynaklanan CO2 emisyonu sağlık harcamalarını
pozitif olarak etkilemektedir.
Kaynakça
- Erden, H., Muhammad, A., & Khalijah, Z. S. (2016). The Impact of Environmental Quality on Public Health Expenditure in Malaysia. Second Asia Pacific Conference on Advanced Research, 27-40.
- Awan, A. G. (2013). Relationship between Environment and Sustainable Economic Development: A Theoretical Approach to Environmental Problems. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 3(3), 741-761.
- Baker, P. (2009). On the Relationship between Economic Growth and Health İmprovement: Some Lessons for Health-Conscious Developing Countries. Radical Statistics, 98, 25-37.
- Bloom, D. E., & Canning, D. (2005). Health and Economic Growth: Reconciling the Micro and Macro Evidence. CDDRL Working Papers, February.
- Breıtung, J. (2000). The Local Power of Some Unit Root Tests for Panel Data. Advances in Econometrics, 15, 161-178.
- Büberkökü, Ö. (2016). Uluslararası Sermaye Hareketliliğinin İncelenmesi: Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 8(15), 281-298.
- Chaabouni, S., & Saidi, K. (2017). The Dynamic Links Between Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions, Health Spending and GDP Growth: A Case Study for 51 Countries. Environmental Research, 158, 137-144.
- Çınar, S. (2011). Gelir ve CO2 Emisyonu İlişkisi: Panel Birim Kök ve Eşbütünleşme Testi. Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, XXX (2), 71-83.
- Dağdemir, Ö. (2009). Sağlık ve Ekonomik Büyüme: 1960-2005 Döneminde Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Sağlık ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Karşılıklı İlişkinin Analizi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 64-2, 75-96.
- Drabo, A. (2010). Interrelationships between Health, Environment Quality and Economic Activity: What Consequences for Economic Convergence. Document de travail de la série, Etudes et Documents.
- Erden, C., & Koyuncu, F. T. (2014). Kalkınma ve Çevresel Sağlık Riskleri: Türkiye İçin Ekonometrik Bir Analiz. Aksaray Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 6(2), 9-23.
- Grossman, G., & Kreuger, A. (1991). Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement. NBER Working Paper, No. 3914, http://www.nber.org/papers/w3914.pdf.
- Güler, A., & Özyurt, H. (2011). Merkez Bankası Bağımsızlığı ve Reel Ekonomik Performans: Panel ARDL Analizi. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 11-20.
- Han, X., Zhang, M., & Lıu, S. (2011). Research on the Relationship of Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution in Shandong Province Based on Environmental Kuznets Curve. Energy Procedia, 5, 508–512.
- Im, K. S., Peseran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing For Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53-74.
- Kao, C. (1999). Spurious Regression and Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Panel Data. Journal of Econometrics, 90, 1-44.
- Jerrett, M., Eyles, J., Dufourdnauds, C. M., & Birch, S. (2003). Environmental Influences on Health Care Expenditures: An Euploratory Analysis from Ontario, Canada. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57 (5), 334–338.
- Levin, A., Lin, C.-F., & Chu, C.-S. J. (2002). Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108, 1–24.
- Maddala, G.S., & Wu, S. (1999). A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and A New Simple Test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 62, 631-652.
- Narayan, P. K., & Narayan, S. (2008). Does Environmental Quality Influence Health Expenditures? Empirical Evidence from a Panel of Selected OECD Countries. Ecological Economics, 65, 367-374.
- Panayatou, T. (1993). Empirical Tests and Policy Analysis of Environmental Degradation at Different Stages of Economic Development. World Employment Programme Research Working Paper, January.
- Toplicıanu, V., & Toplicıanu, S. (2014). The Impact of Environmental Degradation on Health Expenditure. Constatin Brancusi University of Targu Jiu Annals - Economy Series, Special Issues, May, 172-177.
- Yahaya, A., Norashidah, M. N., Habibullah, M. S., & Judhiana, A. G. (2016). How Relevantis Environmental Quality to Per Capita Health Expenditures? Empirical Evidence from Panel of Developing Countries. SpringerPlus, 5(1), 1-14.
- Yazdi, S. K., Tahmasebi, Z., & Mastorakis, N. (2014). Public Healthcare Expenditure and Environmental quality in Iran. Recent Advances in Applied Economics, No. 233.
- Yazdi, S. K., & Khanalizadeh, B. (2017). Air Pollution, Economic Growth and Health Care Expenditure. Economic Research, 30(1), 1181-1190.
- Zivin, J. G., & Neidell, M. (2013). Environment, Health, and Human Capital. Journal of Economic Literature, LI, September, 689-696.
The Impact on Health Expenditures of Economic Growth and Environmental Quality in Countrıes in Different Income Groups: A Panel Data Analysis
Yıl 2019,
Cilt: 21 Sayı: 1, 48 - 75, 29.06.2019
Suzan Ergün
,
Melike Atay Polat
Kaynakça
- Erden, H., Muhammad, A., & Khalijah, Z. S. (2016). The Impact of Environmental Quality on Public Health Expenditure in Malaysia. Second Asia Pacific Conference on Advanced Research, 27-40.
- Awan, A. G. (2013). Relationship between Environment and Sustainable Economic Development: A Theoretical Approach to Environmental Problems. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 3(3), 741-761.
- Baker, P. (2009). On the Relationship between Economic Growth and Health İmprovement: Some Lessons for Health-Conscious Developing Countries. Radical Statistics, 98, 25-37.
- Bloom, D. E., & Canning, D. (2005). Health and Economic Growth: Reconciling the Micro and Macro Evidence. CDDRL Working Papers, February.
- Breıtung, J. (2000). The Local Power of Some Unit Root Tests for Panel Data. Advances in Econometrics, 15, 161-178.
- Büberkökü, Ö. (2016). Uluslararası Sermaye Hareketliliğinin İncelenmesi: Yükselen Piyasa Ekonomileri Üzerine Bir Uygulama. Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 8(15), 281-298.
- Chaabouni, S., & Saidi, K. (2017). The Dynamic Links Between Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions, Health Spending and GDP Growth: A Case Study for 51 Countries. Environmental Research, 158, 137-144.
- Çınar, S. (2011). Gelir ve CO2 Emisyonu İlişkisi: Panel Birim Kök ve Eşbütünleşme Testi. Uludağ Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, XXX (2), 71-83.
- Dağdemir, Ö. (2009). Sağlık ve Ekonomik Büyüme: 1960-2005 Döneminde Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Sağlık ve Ekonomik Büyüme Arasındaki Karşılıklı İlişkinin Analizi. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 64-2, 75-96.
- Drabo, A. (2010). Interrelationships between Health, Environment Quality and Economic Activity: What Consequences for Economic Convergence. Document de travail de la série, Etudes et Documents.
- Erden, C., & Koyuncu, F. T. (2014). Kalkınma ve Çevresel Sağlık Riskleri: Türkiye İçin Ekonometrik Bir Analiz. Aksaray Üniversitesi İİBF Dergisi, 6(2), 9-23.
- Grossman, G., & Kreuger, A. (1991). Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement. NBER Working Paper, No. 3914, http://www.nber.org/papers/w3914.pdf.
- Güler, A., & Özyurt, H. (2011). Merkez Bankası Bağımsızlığı ve Reel Ekonomik Performans: Panel ARDL Analizi. Ekonomi Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 11-20.
- Han, X., Zhang, M., & Lıu, S. (2011). Research on the Relationship of Economic Growth and Environmental Pollution in Shandong Province Based on Environmental Kuznets Curve. Energy Procedia, 5, 508–512.
- Im, K. S., Peseran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing For Unit Roots in Heterogeneous Panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53-74.
- Kao, C. (1999). Spurious Regression and Residual-Based Tests for Cointegration in Panel Data. Journal of Econometrics, 90, 1-44.
- Jerrett, M., Eyles, J., Dufourdnauds, C. M., & Birch, S. (2003). Environmental Influences on Health Care Expenditures: An Euploratory Analysis from Ontario, Canada. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 57 (5), 334–338.
- Levin, A., Lin, C.-F., & Chu, C.-S. J. (2002). Unit Root Tests in Panel Data: Asymptotic and Finite-Sample Properties. Journal of Econometrics, 108, 1–24.
- Maddala, G.S., & Wu, S. (1999). A Comparative Study of Unit Root Tests with Panel Data and A New Simple Test. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 62, 631-652.
- Narayan, P. K., & Narayan, S. (2008). Does Environmental Quality Influence Health Expenditures? Empirical Evidence from a Panel of Selected OECD Countries. Ecological Economics, 65, 367-374.
- Panayatou, T. (1993). Empirical Tests and Policy Analysis of Environmental Degradation at Different Stages of Economic Development. World Employment Programme Research Working Paper, January.
- Toplicıanu, V., & Toplicıanu, S. (2014). The Impact of Environmental Degradation on Health Expenditure. Constatin Brancusi University of Targu Jiu Annals - Economy Series, Special Issues, May, 172-177.
- Yahaya, A., Norashidah, M. N., Habibullah, M. S., & Judhiana, A. G. (2016). How Relevantis Environmental Quality to Per Capita Health Expenditures? Empirical Evidence from Panel of Developing Countries. SpringerPlus, 5(1), 1-14.
- Yazdi, S. K., Tahmasebi, Z., & Mastorakis, N. (2014). Public Healthcare Expenditure and Environmental quality in Iran. Recent Advances in Applied Economics, No. 233.
- Yazdi, S. K., & Khanalizadeh, B. (2017). Air Pollution, Economic Growth and Health Care Expenditure. Economic Research, 30(1), 1181-1190.
- Zivin, J. G., & Neidell, M. (2013). Environment, Health, and Human Capital. Journal of Economic Literature, LI, September, 689-696.